…Six rTE MICHIGAN OA ItY S'ATU1RDAY. A. d..iV 1 J4 A V E: A."l°:1"L A: \. .\'Y .LI JII" L i'. .. .: .. e. . . e . .... . ..._. ..... .. ..... ® _..-- ...... e.... ....._.. . ..... _. ____ __ __ _ _ S. _ r ia.a v tv 6 ax .. 1 dL71VV>i R+v av e s FM hNOADCAST S U' Radio Director Predicts Improved College Programs The allocation7 of certain FM radio bands for the exclusive use of educational stations "will large- ly correct the criticisms of...…
… LOYALTY BOARD4 See Page 4 Y Sirt Paii46 CLOUDY, SNOW FLURRIES Latest Deadline in the State VOL. LVII, No. 125 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, MARCH 28, 1947 Broader Physical ducation Plan Is PRICE FIVE CENTS Sought Russia Offers UN Austrian Compromise Allows German Assets Definition By The Associated Press MOSCOW, March 27 - Soviet Foreign Minister V. M. Molotov gave ground tonight under pres- sure from. the three western na- tions and ag...…
…PAGE TWO THE MCcl iAN AH1 t- FRiDAY, MARCH 28, 1947 COEDUCATIONAL: Committee Urges Change in .U' Physical EducationSet-up -4 -_ (Continued from Page 1) variety of activities offered, it is emphasized, students, while being subject to a required pro- gram, would still enjoy a wide choice. The curriculum is divided into Shit i Court Favors Labor Emphasis Placed on Personal Liberties Labor's interests have been strengthened at business's ex...…
… THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE ThRS Nine Michigan Swimmers To Fight for NCAA Championship Stewart Aims at 1500 Meter Freestyle Crown Evans, Canja Face Strong OSU Divers; Finals in Five Events Slated for Tonight 'M' Hockey Ace Excells On Jap Ice Former Michigan hockey star Neil Celley is piling up a maze of skating records in Japan while in the Army waiting his return to the Wolverine campus. Recently, Celley won the Japan- By MURRAY GRANT Nin...…
…FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY _ _ BITLL MAULITTN 'Loyalty Boards' PPROXIMATELY one month ago, when she was interviewed by The Daily, Mrs. Raymond Clapper characterized the "Red hunt" as the general GOP strategy. She felt that in order to keep themselves before the public and at the same time avoid the im- portant questions the Republicans would find it effective to raise the "bogeyman" scare. With his latest action, directing the es- tablishmen...…
…- I ..I1AY, THE ICGARAA2L, 1947 . T. l E y~'p_ M IC H IG A N D A IL Y ..... PAGE FT ti .rM 'w wr rr rr.. .. Campus Casbah To Present "Blue Bunny Ball' for Easter 'Capitalist Ball' 'Slide Rule' Tickets on Sale To Feature To All Students Bob Strong Costume Ball Junior Girls' Play 'The Best Years' Ticket Sales Opens Today in Lydia Mendelssohn Junior GiBls' Play, "The Best bartender and a "Barbersl ?VilBeHl Years," will open to the public a...…
… SIX -TntE MicHiUAM flxny ___ IRST SINCE WAR : 'U' Filipino Students Stress Necessity for Hayden Library The proposed Hayden Memorial Library at the University of the Philippines will be the first real library Filipino students have had since the war, according to Dr. Main Library clxets German Science Books, Scientific journals from Ger- many which the General Library's agent in that country has been accumulating during the war years are be...…
… 'U' FIRE HAZ ARDS Se Page 4 K6rA Latet~,iDeadline -in the State 44*&bkorpA6F CLOUDY, WARMER VOL. VII, No. 124 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, T7HURSDAY, MARCH 27, 1947 PRICE FIVE CENTS GOP a B pfor oleU House Ioda) BlY 'iie Associated rle's - WA, 4TlNGr(,_N, March 2(i--1?A~ publicans scored their litn-I hi victory toward lower taxes toda as the GOP-controlled Hous rushed a $3,840,000,000 tax-cut bi toward a showdown on a take-it o leave-it basis ...…
…PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, MARCH 27, 1941 ._._.._ ....,.. . . . _ _. a ,. ,.... . ._ ...., .,.. " w I HISTORICAL DATA: Encyclopedic Survey to Give Campus CompleteCoverage. Part five of the University En- cyclopedic Survey, which will in- elude articles concerning the lit- erary college, the medical school and the summer session will not be completed for several months, State Business Hit by Upstate Transit Tie-Up SAULT STE. M...…
… THUTRSDAY, AJWII C7194'4 1 10 .F !.11l 1.11T{C.1 Tt 2A {'2flA.IT *a: ,, a - . - ., .. o ps Siccessili kMl pen Hons& Dick Didn't Bunt As Michigani Ace Reports Dick Walieleld, the former University or Michuiganr star now a letroit outitielle- has never learnel to biit d not greatly surparise tay Fisli- er, the Wolverine laseball coach. "Dick never played ball be- fore he came here and in the year he played on the varsity squad, I ne...…
…FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSUlAX, MARCHU°7, 199 I 'U' Fire Hazards A QUICK LOOK at some of the rooms on Lhe lower floors of one University build- ing last week was sufficient to convince us that the University, more specifically de- partmental officials, can do a lot right now to clean up fire hazards in campus buildings. At the same time it is true that many of the changes, to be suggested and ordered by the State fire marshal's office...…
…THURSDAY, MARCH 27, 1947 TIHE MICHIGAN DAILY Juniors Will Present JGP for Seniors Traditional Play Will Follow Supper for Coeds in League Women Must Wear Caps and Gowns; Tickets for General Public on Sale Now "The Best Years," Junior Girls Patrons for the supper and the Play, will be presented at 8:30 play are Dean Alice C. Lloyd, Dean p.m. today in Lydia Mendelssohn Mary C. Bromage, Prof. Rhoda F. Theatre, to honor senior women. Red...…
…GE; six THE MCIGN12i THURSDAYv -N 41IOREBROWSING: ,ia~i s A.i iat" ,Atud(Ant',0s t~ly (.'an121 btirLili a21n edcto,11itcdof Ithe routil IC trainng 12,whi ch IIte prest', dayli ; unrity organizes, by (doinI l- ' lateral readiilng:-,(Jccorng (t Pi lt fitanley 1.). DOd!',(eof LI H ! ('i .r ply (le pai'tIl('t11,it, dreil 01' 01 11t honors p; 'rgram t l iber1(",,lal t1' A dog pcai be ta og I ith tiick at1( a sten1ogtahti( aught to tYPO, bLm[ ...…
…FEPC AND COMMUN ISTS See Page 4 I blafrsi. Dewlitic* ittthe State D~aiI COLD, SNOW FLURRIES VOL. LVII, No. 123 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1947 PRICE FIVE CENTS Coal Willow Run To Try 'Fuse Box System TenantsToCheck Own Residences A system of tenant delegates who will be responsible for "polic- ing fuse boxes" as a means of al- leviating Willow Village's elec- trical difficulties, will be estab- lished shortly on a limit...…
…w o THE MICHIGAN AILY1 WEDNESDAY, 'MARCH! 24. IM4 EIGHLIGHITS ON CAMPUS F' ere Will EERGENCY FUND: S Seet nternutnalBll iiProceeds r<<} 1§To Assist Foreign, Studets <5(I I{)U I ce i W ;1 1 c u the (cus.torn estab- x,1 1c tIc i, eina Lecture., The Rev. Dr. J Brett Kenna, pastor of the First Mit~ethocist CThurch, will speak on "The Negro in Song, and Story" at 4 p.m. today in Rackham Lecture Hal The program, which is sponsored by the Dep...…
…WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1947 1111" 1M111GAN TDAILY n. .m. n _n_.n x re..w. "an m..n..m..Rl S-E. . " fin' .C ".!. AI. R.! M.. I-M Building Scene of orts Trout Tames Yankees With Six-Hit Stint Detroit Pushes Over WinningRunsinNinth ST. PETERSBURG, Fla., March 25-(IT)-Paul (Dizzy) Trout, No. 2 man of the Tiger mound staff went the route today for a 3-2 triumph over the New York Yan- kees before 1,785 paid customers at Lang Field. Trout held the...…
…PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1947 FEPC and Communists T HE STATE LEGISLATURE probably won't pass the FEPC bill because it is convinced that communists are active in its behalf. That's what Gov. Kim Sigler told a dele- gation, representing FEPC Councils in com- munities all over the state, which called .on him last week to ask his support in getting the Fair Employment Practices bill out of committee and passed by the...…
…WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1947 CIA F7,- - -), I- - - t A PLY PAd T H E.M....................~f AV#:a l.XF u Bus. 94. Students Will Sponsor Slide Rule "B<< 'Capitalist Ball' Friday dt Union Ti"cket ! . -Opee t-o All rtoat~ T 0 Be The all-campus "Capitalist Ball," traditional semi-formal dance sponsored by the students of the School of Business Adminis- tration; will be held from 9 p.m. to 12:30 a.m. Friday in the Un-!1 io .B lro.Tickets f...…
…PAGE SIX THE MICHIGAN DAILY RED TAPE KILLER: Vets Counseling Center Renders Useful Service Drive To Aid I1ayden Fiiit d (>tilis Force ASSOCIATED PRESS TURE NEWS A By FRED SCHOTT The Veterans' Counseling Cen- ter at the Armory in Ann Arbor is not satisfied with answering a few questions for veterans. Veterans' Counselor Karl Kar- sian said that the Center no only tries to "make some mean ing out of the maze of federal and state legisl...…
…WORLD ED)ER ALIST See Page 2 Latest l)eadlinie in the State A& :43 a t t]u COLD, SNOW FLURRIES VOL. LVII, No. 122 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, MARCH 25, 1947 PRICE FIVE CENTS American Legion Says Soviet Aim Is Assault on U.S. lers Ifestilnoliyyin (ommunists WASHINGTON, March 24-(A) --TheHouse Committee on Un- American Activities heard testi- mony today that there are enough Communists in the United States to form the framework of ten...…
…I TIHE MICHIG A N I)A I LY ................._. __... _.._ .._..- _ __ - r k ._ - United World Federalists DESPITE THE recent pronouncements by some easily defeated individuals that "war is inevitable," there is one group of cit- izens who have pledged themselves to awak- en the rest of us to war's only alternative, real world government. This group is the United World Federal- ists: Last week a chapter of the student branch of this organi...…
…-.."mu -" a THE iICIHIGAN DAILY !'AGE T#ME Student Team Bowls Against Cushing Motor "The Michigans," a five-man student bowling team in the All- Campus League, will face the Cushing Motor Sales of Ann Ar- bor in an exhibition match at 7 pm. tonight on the Union alleys. Ralph Wildermann, one of the mainstays of the "Michigans," rolled a perfect game of 300 yes- terday as a warmer for tonight's match It was the first 300 line to be bowled on a...…
…THlE MICHIGAN DAILY -E;'XMie 5 Iottsehaefer VISITORS' DAY: c7i1 Ciitva fg* (111agcoleg Pbttuus Llaoo gingt.4onSli Tlin a ct J ugtli1 WillIl tt-e r- it antll 111titI r1()1 aday off from classes, and the Is Topie of Lectures facilities of 1the entire Engineer-I John Marshall, chief justice of he Supreme Court in the 10th century, was the "spiritual father~ of those who now advocate ex- ension of federal power, Prof. Henry Rottschaefer of t...…
…Ap, -.dL R EUITIE See Page 4 oitigmI Laest Deadlitin 1 the St(Ie i1 WARMtNER VOr. LVII, No. 121 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, MAR II 23, 1947 PRICE FIVE CENTS Police Catch Felon In Six Hour Search From Courtroom Patrolman Howard Remnant, a soft-spoken five-year police force Iveteran, quietly ended a hair-rais- ing six-hour criminal hunt, the most intense in the city's history, yesterday afternoon when he cap- tured Douglas Williams, 22, ...…
…THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY, MARCH! 23, 1947 1 Daily Official bulletin-x- _ A i (I Club, Auditorium stage; 7 p.m., Bridge; 7:30 p.m., Social Direc- tors' meeting; 7:30 p.m., Volley- ball; 8:30 p.m., Badminton. Wed., Mar. 26, 6:30 p.m., Bas- ketball tournament; 7 p.m., Dup- licate bridge tournament. Thurs;, Mar. 27, 7 p.m., Volley- ball; 8 pm., Little Symphony Or- chestra, free concert; 8:30 p.m., Badminton. Fri., Mar. 28, 8:30-11:30 p.m...…
…THE MICHIGAN DAILY PA e"v W-f d-V -V lw PROCESSING STARTS APRIL 1: Vet Bonus Application Proeedure Set LANSING, March 22-(P-Ap- plication procedure for the state veteran's bonus, outlined today by the Adjutant General's Of- fice, ought to be a cinch for form- er GI Joes and Janes who lived through all the forms they made out in service. Here's how it was explained by Major Wilbur J. Myers of the Ad- jutant General's Staff- First of all, wh...…
…THE MICHIGAN DAILY Heifers for Europe ILLIONS of Europeans are trying to live The animals are inocu on less than half the food Americans ment-inspected and shipp . The crisis in Poland threatens to reduce table relief agency to any average daily consumption to 1,100 cal- person designated by thet es. Anything below 1,800 calories is a resentative of the nationa rvation or semi-starvation diet, and the sonally delivers the heife grage American...…
…T ICHIGAN DAILY ___________________________________________U Dean Bursley Will Be Honored at Tea Today . Appreciation To Be Shown For 26 Years of Guidance All students are invited to at- tend a tea honoring Dean Emeri- tus Joseph A. Bursley from 3 to 5 p.m. today in the Michigan League. The tea is in appreciation of the guidance he has given to Uni- versity students during his 26 years as Dean of Students. Dean Bursley will be introduced...…
…THE MICHIGAN DAILY CAMPUS HIGHLIGHTS -. ACHESON TESTIFIES FROM 'SECRET BOOK' - With the "secret book" of Greek and Turkish emergency background docu- ments before him, Acting Secretary of State Dean Acheson finds an answer to a question, as he testifies before thCE House foreign affairs committee in Washington, D.C. I hibert, F. Lavlik (right), state department aide, chief of division of investment and econom- ic development, assists him....…
…THE MICHIGAN DAILY r si Illini Dethrone Michigan as Purdue Relays Champs Sohl Cracks National Tank Mark' Harry Holiday Backstroke Rec JACKSON, Mich., March 22- (I)-Bob Sohl and Harry Holiday, University of Michigan Olympic hopefuls, continued their season long assault on the record books by cracking a national and state mark respectively in the Michigan Men's and Women's swimming championships here tonight. r' Sohl, Big Nine champion breas...…
…THE MTCH1CAN 0I~ALY A FACULTY FOR KNOWING: McClusky Uses Informality, Suggestion To Alert Students fly EUNICE MINTZ (Editor's note: This is the 18th iila series of weekly articls on n faclty personalities.), Prof. Howard Y. McClusky lists two reasons for choosing educa- tional psychology and adult edu- cation as his field. His greatest interest'is people, and he sort of "drifted into the field as my whole family-moth- er, father, brother, br...…
… RED CROSS DRIVE Mrr Page 4 Idi1f~t'sDea~(dlinie inl the StateC 46F A, :43 tij PARTLY CLOUDY, WARMER .......... . ... - . ...... . ................. - ----- - ---- - --- ...... . ...... - .............. ............... . ............ ... . .. . ............................... . - ... ....... - VOL. LVIL No. 120 ANN A1.O1. IIC('lIGAN, SATURDAY, MARCh 22, 1947 PRICE FIVE CENTS U.S. Wants Provisional Reich State rE-F lerai tan BY .rif ...…
…TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, MARCH 22, ; ARTS AND SCIENCES: Michigan Professors Present Papers at Academy Session (Continued from Page 1) a nation which allows freedom of thought and action, Prof. John Mason Wells, of Hillsdale College, told members of the. philosophy section that though there is no such state, since when one goal is achieved people immediately set another, a nation can strive to reach new heights or "ideals" of per...…
… 7, MA~RCH 22, 1947 THE MIDGNTAHY wAi~n _______ _______ ____.. . ........___. Y'1 .............. H-M' Considers 52 Bowl Tilt With Stanford Michigan's football team may pla~y a special Rose Bowl game against Stanford in 1952, com- memorating the 50th anniversary of the classic which began with a Wolverine-Indian battle in 1902, when the late Fielding H. Yost's team walked off with a 49-"0 vi(-- tory. Athletic Director II. 0. "Fritz" Crisle...…
…FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1947 x Red Cross Drive IN VIEW OF THE limitation on the number of campus charity drives imposed by the recently created Campus Chest, it will re- main for the individual student to decide the extent of his aid in the current American Red Cross Drive. Stated briefly, the Student Legislature, in its creation of the Campus Chest, con- cluded that all charity drives suffered as a result of the lar...…
… r PAGE T~tE 1i ICIWAN AITV 'PA r_ a ,111 a 1 lI VIG 'lYL' Senior Petitions Engineers May Buy Tickets To Slide Rule For '47-'48 Due* WAA Post Petitions Due Eligible Women Will Fill Executive Board Positions 'Best SENIOR. NIGHT: Years' To Be Prescnted I This Week by Juniior- Women Applicants Will Sign for Interviews; Positiors Open on Executive Council To SldRl Petitions for 1947-48 senior po- sitions on the League Council and o...…
…TIM, imicificAi ; r. * '% ATYAMAV, f ' Ir. Henry To Ask Officials Fe-ort'AYD ('riiiesinl ~1~T MT HU~A TLTTX- ,.aaa ~ A.. ,raU-1. AAA11.A iiR. I i Dr. David D H-enry, president of Wayne University, said yester - day that lie will go to the justice department and to thne State Sen- ate investigating committee for further information on the Amer- iean Youth for Democracy. "Because of confusion on this issue, we are seeking information to det...…
… P~LA1FORMA See Pa e 4 Y Idlesi IDea iie iii lte Stw *1lq ti SNO NNFLURRIES - .- ........... . . ..... . VOL. LVII, No. 119 FPHA Offlice Calls Village Plan Feasible Iower Ex pera$ A-'N.N ABOMIlIIGAN. FRiYDA, )12tA(I !I. 1917 PRICE FIVE CENTS Threat rfo Condemn laternity ospital Denied by Inspector 1 By BEN ZWERLING Fir t reactions from FPIIA's Area Office in Detroit to Tues- day's Willow Village meeting of tenants with the a...…
…PAGE TWO 'TIlE MICHIGAN DAILY CENTENNIAL BANQUET: Congregational Church Will Celebrate 100th Anniversary The First Congregational Church of Ann Arbor, which was founded March 23, 1847, will celebrate its 100th anniversary this week-end. At the Centennial Banquet, to be held at 6 p.m. tomorrow in the Academy...- (Continued from Page 1) 8 p.m. in the Rackham Amphi- theatre, E. C. Prophet, president of the Academy, from Michigan State Colleg...…
…Y, MARCH 21, 1947 THE MICHIGAN DAILY .............. . .... . GOPHERS MISS CUE: M' Bilards Team Wins National Title By IRV ZUCKER Surprising even their most rab- id' admirers, Michigan's shzrp- shooting pocket billiiards team edged past highly-favored Mirne- sota and eight other national con- tenders Wednesday evening to capture the National Inter-Col. legiate Championship. With each squad performing on home campuses, Wolverine cue- mnen a...…
…PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIDAY, MARCH 21, 1947 e _ ___. .. _ _.. .._ _.. __ i -- . Legislators' Platforms B EFORE EVERY ELECTION The Daily, in cooperation with the Student Legis- lature, prints qualification statements for the candidates. As a service to the student body we are reprinting the platforms on which 24 new Legislators were elected this week. Representative Party .,.. Representative Party members who were elected include...…
…]FRIDAY, MARCH 211 1947 TIHE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE FIVE rRJJJ'AY, lWAJ.WH 21, 1947PAGE FIVE Panhellenic, WR, League, Petitions Due Tomorrow; AssemblyDeadlineMonday Petitions for the six Panhellen- ic Board positions are due noon tom,-rrow in the Panhellenic Of- fice on the third floor of the League. The six offices to be filled are president, first vice-president, second vice-president, secretary, treasurer and rushing chairman. Coeds are...…
…1' 1L1 L: i . MARCH 21, 1 94a L Tilt MICHIGAN DAILY - - - - -------- - -- ------------- - - ---- SELF UNDERSTANDING: Literary College Plans Sophomore Test Series To "assist students in obtain- ing a better knowledge of them- selves," the literary college has set up a testing program for all second semester sophomores in the school. The tests, which will measure both aptitude and achievement, will be compulsory and students taking the exa...…
… GREEK LOAN COMMENT See Page 4 Latest Deadline in the State Da ii4s FAIR, WARMER VOL LVII, No. 118 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, MARCH 20, 1947 PRICE FIVE CENTS Students Pick 231 New In L Legislators Aghtest Vote Weber, Dutcher Tie for First Place; Elliott Gets Student Athletic Post Tabulation of the lightest vote yet cast in a Student Legislature election was completed last night as eight members of the Represen- tative Party and...…
…I WAGE TWO PiT ,HE MICIGi AN DAILfY TMTRSDAY, MARCH 20, 1947 'Stockholders' Will Simulate Meeting Here Business administration stu- dents will become "simulated stockholders" at a mock regional stockholders' meeting Thursday. March 27, in the Union ballroom, James Ford Bell, chairman of the Board of General Mills, will preside over the meeting, Dean Russel A. Stevenson of the bus- iness administration school an-. nounced. . Following the...…
… THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE TII . . .. . . . .. . .................... m=w*wmmrA ftv Tournament at IM Slated for Tonight William'us Wins Track Title 7 MTracksters To Defend Only Title in Purdue Relays Bleachers A re Erected At Ringside for Crowd Winners Tonight Qualify For Championship Matches To Be Held at I-M Open House Illinois, With Large Wolverines; All Rec By BUD WEIDENTHAL Michigan's thinclads will be de- fending their only cham...…
…FOUR TTH E'.M~f HICAN flAITVY QtfT%,& F4 n -A A fsn~r _______________________________________________________A .. L w11 Y V Z A lP K L L .CU..3.L 1llRJOA1. JAAJU Z0, 1947 a Greece Loan Comment RACTIONS TO President T r u m a n's Greek relief speech last week may be classified, in general, like this: the Russians were outraged; the British and Greeks were overjoyed; and the U.S. was shocked, but firmly behind the President. The Russian n...…
…_ _A_ _ __ 20, 19417____ THE MICHIGAN1DAILY YA & a Bob lowm ., Strong S Orchestra To Provide Music at Slide Dance Will Be Held at Waterman Gym; Preference To Be Given to Engineers Bob Strong and his orchestra Tickets will be sold Monday and ranged with the University for will provide the music at the an- Tuesday in the Engineering Arch, late bus runs to Willow Village. nual Slide Rule Ball to be held East Engineering Lobby and th...…
…PAGE SEX THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, w 194; i 6I-W M CH 1.1flATl a a A a .\Y '14.\ L21 .4ALa sa.T USAY AC12 .w.+w+v .-. ++++. a. a navvaa r.+v av F Margaret Webster, Actress, Will Lecture Here Saturday Margaret Webster, who will "Richard the Second." She lateri speak at 8:30 p.m. Saturday in directed him in "Hamlet," "Henry Hill Auditorium as the final lec- the Fourth" and "Macbeth." turer in the 1946-47 Oratorical In spite of her dire...…
…SWVINGING P'ENDULUM ~e Page 4 Ci r lAitest Dieadlhne in the State Daii4 FAIR VOL. LVII, No. 117 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19, 1947 9 - PRICE FIVE CENTS State o War Is Declared In Paraguay Civil Strife Rages Within Country sy '1the Associ.ted Press ASCUNSION Paraguay, March 18-The Paraguayan Government declared today that all of this re- volt-torn South American nation was in a state of war, thus giving the military forces of...…
