…MANUFACTURER''S EXCISE TAX See Page 4 Jr Latest Deadline in the State 4ir :43 a t t lw 1 9 FAIR VOL. LXIV, No. 9 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1953_ ___Ii SIX PAGES Ike Selects .Gov. Warren To Take Chief Office Monday SL Seats Filled; Jelin Treasurer, Reorganization Ok'd; Time Hinders Academic Freedom Discussion By DOROTHY MYERS WASHINGTON-(P)-Earl War- Filling seven seats left vacant by non-returning members and ren, at...…
…r PAGE TWO74 THE MICHIG1AN DILTY THURSDAY. OCTOBER 1. 1452 4 :.:....... .....:va avr ra-aaa. . aaHaaUFarnara V fCTTIIii---- -- ,r, a . t 1, :1J3.~t 3 GU WEST, YOUNG MEN: Englishmen Enjoy Life In Hearse By ARLENE LISS "We call ourselves the four hearsemen of the apocalypse." Peter Hussey, one of four young Englishmen who passed through Ann Arbor in a hearse yesterday was explaining how he and his companions happened to be trav- eling We...…
… PAGE THREU THURSDAY. OCTOBER 1. 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY hGartin, Samin Star as Yanks T ke Series Opener _ __ _. 1, McGee Sparks the Tulane Three Offensive Patterns * * * If it sees nothing else Michigan will see a variety of offensive for- mations when it faces Tulane in the stadium this Saturday. The game will be the first time Michigan and Tulane have met in 33 years, the Wolverines winning that 1920 contest in Ann Arbor with ...…
…I- PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER I, 1953 Manufacturers' Excise Tax Against .. . EISENHOWER'S BIGGEST political mis- take may well turn -out to be the pro- mises he made to cut taxes if elected. Al- though such pledges no doubt garnered Re- publicans many votes, the GOP is now faced with the difficult problem of making the promises come true. According to schedule, excess profits taxes will go out of effect and income ta...…
…THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY FAGS F - - =6009 Center Plans To Welcome U'. Students Speech To Be Given By Library Director At Rackham Saturday Newly-arrived students from other lands will be honored at a welcoming program at 8 p.m. Sat- urday in the Rackham Lecture Hall. At the event, sponsored by the International Center, Dr. Freder- ick H. Wagman, director of the University Library, will deliver an address. FOR HIS topic...…
…PAGE SiX THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1953 ' 1 I ANGELL HALL RADIO TOWER: Student Broadcasts Mark 10th Year * * * * Four floors high in Angell Hall, preparations are being made for the 10th year of student radio broadcasting. Here in the radio studios of the speech department, students are able to experience the production of actual broadcasts. Two large studios, each with professional equipment, allow comprehensive study and...…
…EDITOR'S NOTE See Page 4, Sw i gau Latest Deadline in the State :43a-tt, e; e n 0 FAIR AND WARIER v r r vrv v_ " n - VOJL. LXIV, INo. 10 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN. FRIDAY. OCTOBER 2. 1953 Cinr ermip i Zxa rtAtit; ;N Radulovich Faces Final 7 Test Today Former Major Lashes Hearing By MARK READER The case of University senior Milo J. Radulovich is expected to redan abrupt conclusion today when the Air Force hands down a final decision on ...…
…~~1 TWO i THE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1953 I.f I_____________________________________ ,.d, ,,...ww . .,.......k.....,. 'IFTIETH ANNIVERSARY: Foresters Attend Alumni Celebration * * * * Members of the University For- estry Association attended an in- formal get-together last night in the Union ballroom as part of the fiftieth anniversary celebration of the School of Natural Resources. The three-day alumni reunion got under w...…
…FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE PAGE THREE Phids Dump Phi Rho Sigmal DOUBLE WING EXAMINED: Michigan Grid Squad Polishes Defense TOP ATTRACTION: Wolverines Beat Tulane In Teams' Only Meeting By PHIL DOUGLAS Gloria Swanson was appearing on the Majestic's screen, and Nora Bayes was appearing in person at the Garrick, but Michigan stu- dents desired a different kind of entertainment on' the day of Oc- tober 30, 19...…
…PAGE lF'QU I jjjHE±ivfCriGAtA uAiLY 'I~ .~ .. ir" i ( f L1. 1' /al.. a. f JJJJ t : ;: (4itor 7kte By HARRY LUNN Daily Managing Editor FTER BEING harassed all year by eager publicists bearing reams of dull copy on "Dog and Cat Week," "National Copper and Brass Week" and other equally uninspiring insti- tutional celebrations, newspaper publishers turned the tables yesterday with the open- ing of national newspaper week. Falling into the st...…
…FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1953 Union Plans Three Events a For Weekend Orchestras, Records Will Provide Couples With Music at Dances With the second week of classes drawing to a close, the Union has planned a full week-end of social events for study-weary students. Providing a candle-lit night club atmosphere, the "Little Club" will be open from 9 p.m. to mid- night tonight in the North Lounge of the Union. THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE FIVE CAMPUS ENJOY...…
…I rAGE STX T HE MICHIGAN DTILY FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 195 I P11111 lip 1911111 li STILL NO BEDS: Ann Arbor To Open New Fire House Ann Arbor's modern new fire station is ready for business- with one complication. No- beds have arrived yet and sliding poles which arrived yesterday have not yet been installed. The opening which was first ex- pected by October 1, is now sched- uled for the middle of October. The cityfire commission said yes- t...…
…0 NEW YORK'S DOCK STRIKE See Page Z Y Latest Deadline in the State ~Iaitii rm FAIR AND WARMER VOL. LXIV, No. 11 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1953 ILamiim3E3IMP q FOUR PAGES <. Malan Bill Passes Both Chambers Non-White Vote Further Limited CAPETOWN, South Africa-(P) -Prime Minister Daniel F. Malan won the approval of both Houses of the new Parliament on the first reading yesterday of his new bill to cut down voting rights ...…
…PAGE Two T HE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1953 New York's Dock Strike A REMARKABLE coincidence finds the contract between the International Longshoremen's Association and the New York Shipping Association expiring at ap- proximately the same time that the ILA was expelled from the AFL. Since the ILA has assumed the responsibility of obtaining an hourly rate increase for its members and initiated a strike for that purpose, the AFL...…
…I WIMM" SATURDAY, OCTOBER'3, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE '1REE' . ___ __ _ __a.a PAGE TTIREE Do dgers Win in Third Contest ----C.~ Triple Threat Halfback' Leads Opponent's A ttack Campanella Socks Homer As Bums Down Yanks, 3-2 (Continued from Page 1) The Maize and Blue have been installed in some quarters as 14-point. favorites. in .today's contest. Both the high national rattag and the heavy favorite role are the result of last ...…
… PAGE FOtTE THE MICHIGAN DAILY 'AH-AH-AH CHOOO!' Students Plagued by Cold Epidemic' By FRAN SHELDON More students have colds than get rides hitch-hiking. In a random survey of 123 stu- dents on the Diag yesterday, The Daily found that 62 per cent of those interviewed claimed to be suffering from a cold-or to be just getting over one. ** * LECTURE HALLS and Health Service were found to be filled with sneezers and coughers. According to Dr....…
… THE EXPANDING WEST See Page 4 icl,4r Latest Deadline in the State ~Iaitv * SHOWERS VOL. LXIV, No. 12 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1953 EIGHT PAGES S I n> * *" * * ", * * Development Board OK's 1953 Agenda Long-Range Plan Given Go-Ahead More than 30 members of the Development Council Board of Directors yesterday stamped unan- imous approval to the Council's 1953-54 Operating Plan, setting in motion a long-range fund ra...…
…PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1953 SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1R53 I _ _ f ROLL 'EM: Speech Students Plan' Four Television Series "On-the-air. Television students in the speech department will have the oppor- tunity to find out what real pro- gram presentation is like tomorrow when the first two of four series of television programs will be in- augurated and broadcast over Channel 20. WORKING IN conjunction with WPAG-TV, the se...…
… f SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE-MAGAZINE PAGE SWEDISH TEXTILES TOC 'U'_Museu By STU ROSS With a note of matter-of-fact universality the University. Mu- seum announces three exhibits as far-flung artistically and geo- graphically as have ever before been gathered under one skylight. Here is the naive conceptualism of snow-bound arctic tribes; the, sheer sophistication of Swedish in- terior decoration, and, somewhe...…
…PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4.,195!. TEM H AN AI %d AN- - -2 A- %.P %I-AWA a, aV o j7Uj :p The Expanding West EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first in a se- ries of weekly editorials on the West, in its national rather than international sense. To- day's column deals with the motives behind Western expansion. Future editorials will exam- ine the problems confronting Western states.) THROUGHOUT the cold season the roads leadin...…
… SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE FIVE _______________________________________________________________________________ I I Wally Weber Will Talk At FirstFooroall Clinic Event Will Take Place at WAB Wednesday; Group Invites Everyone on Campus To Attend; 'Inside Story' Of Industry A CALL FOR ALL: Sophomore Cabaret Central Committee To Discuss Plans at Open Mass Meeting To Be Shown By ROZ SHLIMOUITZ "You can't tell a play...…
…PAGE STT THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1953 PAGE STX~ SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 195~ THE MICHIGAN DAILY otre Dame Marches to 37-=7 Victory over Purdue ----------- Iowa, Illinois, Northwestern Pro Golfers .Topple Intersectional Foes Lattiier, Worden Irish Offensive Standouts; Iowa's .54 Points Highest Total Since 19471 HEADS UP FOOTBALL: 'M' Takes Advantage of Tulane Errors LAFAYETTE, Ind. - (P) -- No;. tre Dame's neat and nifty ...…
… SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE SEVEN I S Brooklyn Defeats I Yanks; Tie Snider Sparks Do Hits; Loes Pitches BROOKLYN-(P)-Duke Snider. Brooklyn's home run hero of last -October, hammered home four big runs to back up Billy Loes' grit- ty pitching yesterday as Brooklyn squared the World Series with a 73 victory over the New York Yankees in the fourth game. Bouncing back to even matters at home after losing the first two at...…
…PAGE EIGHT THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1953 I _____I________________ ENCORE: Arts Theater Ghost Makes Come-Back By MARK READER The mysterious stranger is back! Chaos has brought havoc to the cast. The theater is being turned topsy-turvy. Rehearsals have been interrupted. You see, the Arts Theater's ghost has returned and once again is at its sly business of haunting. THIS CAREFULLY kept secret leaked out to the press yesterday...…
… ON EAST-WEST CRISIS See Page ' Latest Deadline in the State ~Iaii4 rAN COLDER AND WINDY VOL. LXIV, No. 13 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1953 SIX PAGES -own"* Yanks Win, 4-3, To Annex Series Furillo's Homer Ties Tilt In Ninth; Martin's Single Cops World Crown NEW YORK-(A)-The New York Yankees won their unprece- dented fifth straight World Series yesterday by scoring a run in the last of the ninth inning that gave them a...…
…PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1953 --- I - =no ON TRAIL SINCE 1946: 'U Baeteriologists Find Possible TB Preventive DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN . On the frustrating trail of the tuberculosis bug since 1946, a teama of University bacteriologists has announced the possibility of a new and more reliable immunity serum against TB. As a means of preventing onset{ of the disease, the serum has been, tested on rats, mice and guin...…
… TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1953 TIlE MICHIGAN DAILY PAG1E TTREE Mentor Says 'M' To Drill nlocking By IVAN N. KAYE Daily Sports Editor Coach Bennie Oosterbaan did not think the blocking of his Wol- verines in Saturday's 26-7 victory over Tulane was good enough for upcoming Big Ten games. Consequently the Michigan coach has ordered a review of blocking assignments for this week of practice. The coach was par- ticularly disturbed by the third peri...…
…I PAGE FOUR T HE MICHIGAN DAILY' TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1953 I U H I U On East-West Crisis- Conferences But No Pacts RENEWED TALK of peace pacts, agree- ments and non-aggression treaties should hardly serve to alleviate America's fears of a third world war. At no time in history have such agreements proved effective in prevent- ing wars or the use of unbelievably horrible weapons. It is only logical that if a nation is going to wage war, i...…
…TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE FiVE Em Sororities Hold Pledging Ceremonies onSunday ,.. ^i-fB* dRuth Bulderis, Jane E. Conboy, Nancy Jane Tomblyn, Diane E. Leona A. Macey, Peggy Mattox, 4.20 i i Rushees Receive Ids Rae Cruthers, Sally Hole, Nancy Thompson and Virginia Gail Zie- Mary Loretta Reilly, Harriet W. C. Jaquette, Emily Jewell, Grete man. Scott, Mary Edna Selway, Janis Jorgenson, Carol L. Kauffman, * * * Si...…
… PAGE STX THE MICHIGAN DAILY TUESDAY, OCTOBER , 1953 MIRACULOUS MACHINE! Union Office Uses Mechancal Brain By JOEL BERGER ( 4. * , * Add, subtract, multiply, divide, correct mistakes-all for $5,600. Such operations are child's play for the huge bookeeping machine in the Unioi business office. In operation since last spring, the light gray automaton has already saved the Union countless man- hours.,of work. THE OVERSIZED calculating ma...…
… EDITOR'S NOTE See Page 4, Latest Deadline in the State Da iti, FAIR ANDCOOL VOL. LXIV, No. 14 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1953 " SIX PAGES India Caught JIn Allied-Red PW Dispute Won't Use Force With Prisoners A PANMUNJOM-(M)-Custodian India, caught in a squeeze by Al- lied and Red demands, shied away yesterday from a policy of force y in handling 22,500 Chinese, and North Korean prisoners balking at a return to communism...…
…I PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1953 I W"m WUOM FEATURE: Felheim To Broadcast Michigan Novel Reviews By RONA FRIEDMAN ,In a negative way, the new University radio program 'They Wrote About Michigan' has a posi- tive value," said Professor Marvin Felheim of the English depart- ment who will review the novels written about Michigan weekly be- ginning today at 4:45 p.m. on Wednesdays on station WUOM and WFUM. "Though t...…
…mmq WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1953 TILE MICHIGAN DAILY I U PAGE THRER 2-0; A4El by Paul Greenberg BASEBALL'S HOT STOVE CIRCUIT observed opening day yester- day, and quite naturally the diamond diehards considered the same subject that has occupied them for the past five years. The topic under consideration once again was "The Yankees and what makes them tick." Some experts have laid the New York club's success to the great farm empires crea...…
…PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1953 MM tie te ". . . Or Do You Want Me To Do The Talking?" MATTER OF FACT By JOSEPH ALSOP By HARRY LUNN Daily Managing Editor lUCH ATTENTION has been given in recent weeks by Daily columnists Drew Pearson and the Alsops to "Operation Can- dor," President Eisenhower's program for educating America to the immediate threat of hydrogen bomb war and the necessary defenses needed to counter...…
… WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE FIVE McDonough To Play for I-Hop Wally Weber To 'Elucidate' On Football 'SWING YOUR PARTNER': Administrator Enjoys Role Of Square Dance Caller Varsity Night Tickets Go on Sale This Week Band Music Will Include All-Time Hits Paul McDonough and his orches- tra will provide music to dance by for couples 'ttending "Night of ,Knights," thisyear's I-Hop, to be held from 9 p.m. to 1 a.m. Sa...…
…PAGE SIX THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1951 I 9. SCIMITAR CLUB: Fencing. Hoi By MARY KANE En gardet The cry is heard ringing out from every nook and cranny on campus, as members of the Scimi- tar Club, international honorary fencing fraternity, can be found recruiting new pledges at sabre point. * * * THE GROUP, organizing again after a year of inactivity on cam- pus, has mapped out an intensive program for the season, with t...…
… WHICH WAY WILL KASHMIR GO? See Page 4 C, .4c it 4rn1 Latest Deadline in the State A16F :43 a t I M. 40 a a a FAIR, WARMER VOL. LXIV, No. 15 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1953 SIX PAGES U.S. Pushes For Trieste Settlement Fear of Soviet Spurs New Move By STAN SWINTON ROME--(P)-The United States is quietly intensifying its effort to solve the wrangle between Italy and Yugoslavia over Trieste, Fear of Soviet intervention is ._ ...…
…PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER S, 1953 WAA CLINIC: Theater's Ghost Leaves In Huff A fter Publicity W~ebe'r Gives Coeds 'Football Spirit' By JANET FORD With the aid of blackboard dia- grams, anecdotes of past Michigan football games and technical jar- gon, Wally Weber, the Univer- sity's' freshman football team coach, gave coeds "the feeling of football" at the WAA footba1 clinic yesterday evening. Marion Swanson, presid...…
…THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE I PAGE THREE .' of C4t t by Ivan N. Kaye PRINCETON MEETS RUTGERS on Saturday in a game of football. Now there is nothing spectacular in the fact that two neighboring eastern universities are going to play a game of football, except for the fact that these are the two schools which started the whole thing back on the sixth of November in 1869 at New Brunswick, For it was on a gray Sat...…
…rAGE FOURt THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1953 Which Way *Will Kashm'ir Go? KASHMIR, THE "heaven of the Himala- yas" of the Victorian British. has been a bone of contention between Hindu India and Moslem Pakistan since the two coun- tries were partitioned six years ago. Before the partitioning both Kashmir and Pakis- tan were part of Great Britain's Indian em- pire. In 1947, after being invaded by Pakis- tan, Kashmir reuested acc...…
…PAGE MM THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY __ PA~ FIVE State Officer Will Appear On Program AAUW To Hear Talk On State Legislature At Pound House Today Guest speaker at today's meeting ofuthe Junior and Legislative groups of the American Association of University Women will be Mrs. Creighton Coleman, AAUW state legislative chairman, who will dis- cuss "State Legislature and the Working of AAUW on the State Level." Mrs. Coleman,...…
…;?Acm sI THE MICHIGAN DAILY _ ,. THURSDAY, OCTOBER S, 1953 JOURNALISM OPEN HOUSE: Foreign Newsmen Relate Journalistic Experiences Market ClubI To See FilmI i By HAROLD HORWITZ "The journalist will end up doing anything." This old French proverb quoted by Dutch Correspondent and Ful- bright scholar, Edmond Lachman, is indicative of the European and Asian attitude toward the journal- ism profession. SPEAKING at the journalism department o...…
…TREAT OJR A TREATMENT~ See Page 4 Latest Deadline in the State D43adti COOL. CLOUDY VOL. LXIV, No. 16 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1953 SIX PAGES I Mitchell Named LaborSecretary t Former Defense Department Aide Hailed by CIO's Walter Reuther WASHINGTON-(A)-President Eisenhower yesterday picked a! Republican businessman, 52-year-old James P. Mitchell, as his new Secretary of Labor. The former New York City department store ex...…
…PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIpAY, OCTOBER 9, 1953 IT'S .SO INFORMAL HERE': Heidelberg Students Study Life at U' K. * * * * By DOROTHY MYERS Discovering what American life is like in schools, factories and midwestern cities is proving to be a full time job for six German stu- dents from Heidelberg University, studying on campus under State Department scholarships. Here to study student life on American campuses, the six are busy visitin...…
…FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1953 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE GRID SELECTIONS GAMES OF THE WEEK 'Iowans Plot 'M' Upset,' Claims Hawkeye Editor Ex-Michigan Stars on Iowa Coaching Staff Plan Happy Ann Arbor Return (This is an advance look at the b Iowa Hawkeyes by the sports editor back Roger Wiegmann from Wav- of the Daily Iowan.) erly, Iowa. PRESSED BY HESS: Nu Sigma Nu Aerials Rip Alpha Rho Chi (Consensus (23-4) 1. Iowa at MICHIGAN 2. Minneso...…
…PAGE FOLK THE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIDAY, OCTOIER 9, 1953 Treat or a Treatment? By ALICE B. SILVER Associate Editorial Director HE MAJOR cigarette companies in this country were given a rather unusual challenge this week by the annual clinical congress of the American College of Sur- geons. Gathering in Chicago, the surgeons as- serted that many medical men suspect some relationship between lung cancer and cigarette smoking, but no relationsh...…
…FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1953 PAGR WTVE THE MICHIGAN DAILY 1 PA(41! I~ VR I-Ho p Ticket Sales To Continue.; Assembly, 'IHC To Present Ball' Oathilottj union Plans MINNESOTA SPECIAL: Club, Dances Wolverine Club Schedules For Weekend Trip to Brown Jug Contest Tickets for I-Hop, the first all- campustdance tobe presented fromn League, may be purchased in all the men's residence halls and from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the Union, League, Mason Hall ...…
…PAGE RS THE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1953 , tf STILL WRITES 'I Former Piain EX-SONS': Billy Graham' list Directs Winchell House Plans Lecture * * * *RAt'R Editors-To Convene Here: Press Club Plans Programs ANN ARBOR CO-OP By MURRY FRYMER To look at them one might think that all men's dormitories were pretty much the same. But each has its own traditions, its own proud past, and though somewhat overlooked, its own house mother...…
…EDITOR'S NOTE See Page 2 Y £itestiae Latest Deadline ina the State :43atlt Ii NICE AND COOL 0 VOL. LXIV, No. 17 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1953 FOUR PAGES S I Tito Note Protests Trieste Zone Plan Yugoslavia Demands Reversal On U.S., British Move To Withdraw BELGRADE, Yugoslavia-('P)-Yugoslavia demanded last night that the United States and Britain give up their plan to turn over to Italy the administration of the...…
…PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1953 U I t!no __le rte By HARRY LUNN Daily Managing Editor WITHOUT ANY particular fanfare, the Student Legislature Wednesday regain- ed much of the ground lost three weeks ago when the student members of the Student Affairs Committee were asked to nominate two students for the Development Council Board. At that time, a majority of the SAC student members protested the logic of turning the ...…
