…es TO Alt our Relatives and Friends for a Joyous New Year Metropolitan Detroit Bnai Brith Women's Council extends to their MPM berg and. friends Greetings for a Healthy & Happy New Year Mr. and Mrs. Louis Kepes 14511 Ludlow Oak Park Mrs. Philip Edelheit, Pres. * • * * * * * * Mr. & Mrs. Jonas Dworin 5150 W. Outer Dr. We Wish Our Friends and Customers Holiday Best Wishes * 4( -4 ( 4, * * -1( Abe's Kosher Meat & Poultry Market wish...…
…Livonia - Botsford Park Sacrifice - Owner Leaving State Immediately Liners accepted from responsible firms or individ- uals by Telephone up to 11 a.m.. Wednesday. Dead- line for display classified ads is 4:30 p.m., Tuesday. Rates 10c a word, minimum charges $1.00, or $2.94 per column inch. 3 Bedroom brick. less than 2 years old. S & S, fiberglas insu- lation. garage, fenced, land- scaped, 1 1,?, baths. finished base- ment., many extras. MUST...…
…17—HOUSES FOR SALE 17—HOUSES FOR SALE 17—HOUSES FOR SALE 19391 SUSSEX 1 2 Tl . 0 T1 il 2 1 13 n 3 CD 1 2 BY APP'T. Price reduced to 23,900 on 3 bedrm. custom bit. ranch, tremendous kitchen, full size din. rm., stall shower. No reas. offer refused. * * * From the Builders of THE iic. 19751 SUSSEX OPEN 3-6 SUN. 1 f CI 1114(14 0 in LIVONIA IP°1114 1 " C ett 19169 COYLE Price reduced to 521,900 on 3 bedrm., 12 x 16 family rm. wi...…
…J. WM. KLEM Oak Pork Kipling 20781 3-Bedrm. Brk., 2-car gar. tile ' base., 80' lot, close to Detroit transp. & shop., din. rm. area, many extra features. A stand- out buy. Firm price 517,500. A must see. 1st offering. By appt. only. 18245 ROSELAWN Beautiful 11 yr. old custom built colonial. 3 bdrms, with possible 4th bdrm. or extra upstairs den. Large liv. rm. 30 x 14 family room, brkfst. rm., grade lay, 2 car gar, rear scr. porch. sprink....…
…'ME DETROIT JEWISH NEWS — Irrld'ay, October 2, 1959 '— 73 17-HOUSES FOR SALE 40-EMPLOYMENT Information About Jews Sought Bnai Brith President from Bureau Directed by Richards Rebuts Agency Critics Call Reeve's Employment Service Attractive Modern OAK PARK 13251 Burton NEW ORLEANS, (JTA) NEW YORK-Although it is man, Meyer Weisgal. They Critics of Jewish community re- hardly news when American will fill in a blank space in lations agencies...…
…CHICAGO, (JTA) — The classical Jewish family, directed by ancient Jewish traditions, is breaking down in the United States because radically new conditions have altered life in this country, Dr. Nahum N. Glatzer, professor of Jewish His- tory at Brandeis University, told an audience of 1,000 guests at the 100th anniversary dinner of the Jewish Family and Com- munity Service. "The Jewish family stood for standards of life and action," Dr. Glatz...…
…Pied Piller of Hebrom Q. 1-1. Friedland s Wonder By PHILIP SLOMOVITZ Copyright, 1959, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, In After a lapse of more. thab 20 years, one of the outstanding cre- ations in Hebrew literature for chil- dren is now being revived, and the children in Jewish schools in English- speaking countries again will have access to a series of the most widely acclaimed Hebrew stories. ✓ In the 1930s, the late Hes Aleph (A. H.) Friedlan...…
…4, • HE JEWISH NMS A Weekly Review Give Liberally To Torch Drive VOLUME 24—No. 4 of Jewish Events Michigan's Only English-Jewish Newspaper—Incorporating The Detroit Jewish Chronicle ak3),, 7 17100 W. 7 Mile Rd.—VE. 8-9364—Detroit 35, Mich., October 2, 1953 $4.00 Per Year: Single Copy, 15c A CLOUDS OVER ISR EL All Arab States Use Mulch Drai age Project as Cause For Mobilization of Armies LONDON—Egyptian Minister of National Guidance...…
…The Romantic Story of 'Gentile Zionism' Purely Commentary and Christian Efforts in Behalf of Israel sincere. That is why his name will live in Jewish An opportunity is afforded by Christopher Sykes' history. * *. essay on the Balfour Declaration and Zionism, in his The Role of David Uoyd. George latest book, "Two Studies in Virtue" (Knopf), to Not Balfour alone: the man who was Prime MM- 4T-4,"' evaluate the devout friend- ister in the' yea...…
…Many Colleges in Pennsylvania Still Use Discriminatory Forms PHILADELPHIA, (JTA) — Nearly 60 percent of the colleges and professional schools of Pennsylvania still use applica- tion forms for student admis- sions which ask potentially dis- criminatory questions or request photographs of applicants, it was revealed here by the Phil- adelphia Fellowship Commission and • the. Philadelphia Jewish Community Relations Council, which have jointly co...…
…THE NMI SH • NEW S An Ex-Communist's Minii Incorporating the Detroit Jewish Chronicle commencing with issue of July 20. 1951 Member American Association. of English-Jewish Newspapers, Michigan Press Association. Published every Friday by The Jewish News Publishing Co., 17100 West Seven Mile Road, Detroit 35, Mich.., VE. 8-9384. Subscription $4. a year, foreign $5. Entered as second class matter Aug. 6, 1942, at PoSt Office, Detroit, Mich., ...…
…Sen. Morse to Open Shaarey Zedek Men's Club Lecture Series Oct. 7 Senator Wayne L. Morse of Oregon, liberal, teacher, lecturer, will open the • Shaarey Zedek Men's Club calendar of events with an address on the subject, "What Is Politi- cal Liberalism," at the Shaarey Zedek, At 8:30 p.m. next Wed- . nesday. William Nad- ler, vice-presi- dent of the Men's Club- and chairman of the program corn- Sen. Morse mittee, announ- ces that provision has...…
…Israel Faces UN, Arab Challenge in Huleh Area Continued from Page 1 Huleh project which the Arabs charge will dry up land in Syria and Jor- chief Maj. Gen. Vagn Bennike that Israel cease immediately all work on the canal until an agreement had been reached with Syria on how the pro- ject was to be carried through. Asserting that the demand was against the interests of progress and development, the newspapers chided the Danish General for ac...…
…Remoteness of. Israel-Arab Peace Revealed; 1954 Bond Issue Approved by Israelis DETROIT JEWISH NEWS-7 Friday, October 2, 1953 vate business would undertake because of absence of profit in- centive. He emphasized that if it were not for Histadrut, the economy of Israel would today be in much worse shape than it is. cities during October and Nov- ember. Former President Harry S. Truman will be the guest of honor at the Chicago celebration Nov...…
…Simhat Torah to Conclude Autumn Season of Holidays Simhat Torah services will be held in most Conservative and Orthodox Synagogues today. The festival concludes the holiday season for Jews throUghout the world. Following is a schedule of holiday services, together with a listing of sabbath services for this evening and Saturday. Adas Shalom Synagogue Rabbi Jacob E. Segal and Can- tor Nicholas Fenakel will offi- ciate at 8:30 a.m. services to-...…
…ay Coinnwhitytollorwr Harry Cohen s ' 70t hBi r thd Schlussel Heads Zionist Council Tuesday, at Public Reception at Shaarey Zedek utTROIT JEWISH NEWS-9 Friday, October 2, 1953 Sen. Watkins to Visit Arab Refugee Camps WASHINGTON, (JTA) — Sen. Irving W. Schlussel, Mizrach Currently, the JNF is gather- Arthur V. Watkins, chairman of The Detroit Jewish communitylception will follow the program. leader, was elected president of the Senate Imm...…
…Hadassah to Observe Education Month ; Prepare Program - for Honor Roll Dinner In stressing its program of "education for creative Jewish living," the Detroit Chapter of Hadassah has scheduled an edu- cation workshop from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m., Monday, at the Davison Jewish Center. According to Mrs. Max Chom- sky, education chairman, the program is also being held in connection with the observance of annual Education Month. Participants in the ...…
…DETROIT JEWISH NEWS-11 o men !_is ActiVilie3 CITY OF .HOPE CANCER 18265 Warrington. For informa- "FIGHTERS are currently stag- tion, call UN. 3-5879. * * * ing an all-out drive to distribute special blue City of Hope replica JEWISH WOMEN'S EUROPE- banks in places of business and AN WELFARE ORGANIZATION homes throughout the city, Mrs, will meet Monday, at the D. W. Jerry Reisman is in charge of Simons Center. Plans for the the bank committee...…
…Betrothal Told MISS GAIL COUSENS Mr. and Mrs. Harry Cousens, of 16529 Washburn, announce the engagement of their daugh- ter, Gail, to Merrill Fishman, son of Mr. and Mrs. Sam Fish- man, of 1935 Oakman Blvd. Belgians to Get Rare Painting For Help to Jews During War NEW YORK, (JTA) — Harry Torczyner, American Zionist leader, left the U. S. for Belgium to present the municipality of Antwerp a 17th century Flemish painting of an Antwerp land- ...…
…uETROIT JEWISH NEWS-13 • Thomas. Braniff Appointed Friday, October 2, 1953 vG A J • FEATVas (Author of "Jewish Cookery") Now is the time for baking everything from muffins and biscuits to cakes and Kugel, PUDDING, if you prefer that designation. So get out your mixing bowl and baking pans. To begin with, try making the following luscious ring mold which was sent us by Mrs. Mor- ris Michelson, of Brookline, Mass.; daughter of Mrs. Samuel St...…
…Ball Player Risks Titles To Observe Yom Kippur CLEVELAND, (JTA) Rosen, slugging third baseman of the Cleveland Indians, asked for and received permission to skip the Indians' game in De- troit because of Yam Kippur. Rosen, outstanding candidate for the most valuable player award, and leading contender for the American League's home run crown and batting title, stayed home although loss of the one game threatened his chance to win the home run...…
…1 Beverly Weingarden To Wed Lester Zeff Activitiei in Society Jail Ex-Storm Trooper For Crimes Against Jews Miss Shyrlee Bloom, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Bloom, of San Juan Dr., has resumed studies at Wayne University where she is a junior. She recently returned aboard the SS Zuiderkruis following a summer trip to Belgium, France, England, Holland, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Italy. Miss Rae Goldrich, of Buena Vista Ave., recen...…
…Goldberg-Blitz Rites Scheduled for April Sale of Center to Dept. of Recreation Appears Impossible Latest indications are that negotiations which have been conducted for more than a year for the sale of the Woodward Jewish Center to the Depart- ment of Parks and Recreation may have hit snags which it will be impossible to overcome. While the Department of Rec- reation proposed to buy the Center building for $460,000, the City Plan Commission ...…
…)Morris Spitzer, Back from Israel, Reports Histadrut's Progress Dr. Goldmann Lists Four Major Demands Made in Austrian Talks in building Kupat Holim (the medical arm) , in serving as a union and in being the govern- ment's leading political com- ponent—the Mapai Party. He told a fascinated audience how Jews from all lands were being integrated into the life and ways of the Jewish state. "There are 16,000 Arabs in Histadrut," Bar d a c k e sa...…
…= , , - - 2 Danny Raskin's IP 1 S =5' 1.ISTENING T Brandeis Women Plan Brunch on Wednesday Mrs. Benjamin Jones and Mrs. Sidney Solomon, life members- ship chairmen of the Detroit Women's Committee of Bran- deis University, have arranged a brunch at 11 a.m., Wednesday, at the Great Lakes Club, in the Lee Crest Apartments. Dr. James Klee, assistant pro- fessor of psychology at Brandeis, will be gue et of honor at the event, which is op...…
…16-HOUSES FOR RENT CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Liners accepted from responsible firms or persons by telephone up to 11 a.m. Wednesday. Rates 10c a word. Minimum Charge $1.00. CALL VErmont 8-9364 10-ROOMS FOR RENT PLEASANT ROOM suitable for work ing gorl or young man. WE. 4-3655. NICELY furnished room by young wom- an alone. Cal Sunday. UN. 4-3562. NICE master bedroom. for young couple in pleasant home. DI. 1-0922. 13-TO RENT FLATS-INCO...…
…17—HOUSES FOR SALE . 17—HOUSES FOR SALE Cherrylawn - Curtis Sec. OAK PARK Face brick, 3 yrs. old, large living rm. with dining L, attractive kitchen, 2 bedrms., attic, auto. ht ., many ex- tras included. 50' landscaped lot. Full price $14,000. $5,000 down to a 4 0 ; G. I. Mortgage, 569 monthly. We feel this is a bargain. Brennan Bros. UN. 1-7294 KENTUCKY 18411 BRICK INCOME 5 & 6 NR. PICKFORD Auto. gas heat, tile features, gar- ages. P...…
…17—HOUSES FOR SALE Open Sunday 2 - 5 19169 LAUDER Ranch home Deluxe. Lovely to look at, delightful to live in. Face brick, 2 bedrooms, large kitchen, dining "L." a. c. .ht., beautiful carpeting and drapes, lot 50x120. This is the home and the location, you have been looking for. For more details call Bob Cantor, UN. 1-4300. * * EVERGREEN - 6 Mi. Sec. 17—HOUSES FOR SALE 18221 ROSELAWN OPEN SUN. 2-7 Gas Heat This face brick 3 bedroom Co...…
…11 7---HOUSES FOR RENT 45-BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES OUTER DR. W., 5560-OPEN 2-5 OFFICE MANAGER 4 Bedrms.,.Library, $24,000 Face brick and stone; 21-ft. sunken • rm., 10x12 library, big dining rm., bright tile kitchen, breakfast rm., 1st fl. lay., rec. rm., bar; gas a. c.; covered rear terrace; pretty 50-ft. lot; gar. UN. 4-7070. • Well Established manufacturing con- cern has opening for an intelligent young man with general office ex- perie...…
….1 • , Obituaries - NATHAN. ZALDIN, 73, died Sept. 13, in Toronto, Ontario, Can. He, leaves his wife, Minna; sons, Jack, of. Baltimore; and. Sam and Arthur, of Toronto; and daughters, Mrs. Earl Gould, of Detroit; Esther and Florence; of Toronto. * * * _ FANNY BROWN. 3265 Boston, died Sept. 2'7. Services were at. Kaufman Chapel. She leaves her husband, Charles; sons, Jack Pine of New York and Edmund Brown; daughters, Mrs. Betty Rosier of New...…
…For Sunhat Tor rirm t7n h tr14v MADE EASY I. At. Hebrew As It Is Spoken in Israel Today - By SHUSHANNAH SPECTOR and Rabbi JOSEPH ZEITLIN Editor's Note: This special American Jewish Press feature is another in the series of easy lessons for self -study of Hebrew. The complete book, "Hebrow Made Easy," is available from Miss Shushannah Spector, 904 S. Miami Ave., Miami, Fla.; $1.50 a copy. 'E-rev tov 'ado-ni Waiter, please give me a me...…
…'42 27th Year of Service to State and Country I; VICTORY w in I.A. on• on. Bill ker illy the last %t- ad- ing and itts inl- de- Nil] list An ion of lay sill uel ?an ies, led Ind its to on- tii Illy ore vill ion Di- or ish tee ne, E. Dr- ad- ion Iat Ely- hat e'll 41.1 , BUY VNITID STAIN, i DI SSSSS s BONDS AND 41 PS Detroit Jewish Chronicle and The Legal Chronicle_ DETROIT, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY. OCTOBER 2, 1942 VOL. 44, No...…
…THE JEWISH NEWS A Weekly Review VOL. 1—NO. 28 2114 Penobscot Bldg. RA. 7956 of Jewish Events Detroit, Michigan, October 2, 1942 34 ..1=3:61. 22 For Victory Buy U. S. War Savings Bonds And Stamps $3.00 Per Year; Single Copy 10c War Time Message To Jews of Detroit A Call for United Service in Behalf of Our Allies, Our Armed Forces and Our Neighbors By ABRAHAM SRERE President, Jewish Welfare Federation of Detroit The greatest campai...…
…2 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle Trees Planted In Palestine Fore.sts Butzel Forest—One tree in memory of Mrs. Bessie Fineberg by Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Sturman; one tree in memory of Simon Kavanow by Mrs. J. Rosenfield; one tree honoring birth of Jud- ith Fay Cohen by Mr. and Mrs. M. Ginsberg. Mizrachi Forest—Three trees in memory of Mrs. M. Eder by Eder Family Club; two trees in memory of Mrs. M. Eder by Mr. and Mrs. H. Saltz...…
…Page Two THE JEWISH NEWS Friday, October 2, 1942 Goal for War Chest Set at $5,800,000 Spring 43 Allied Campaign Eliminated by Fund Merger 51 Per Cent Goes for War Relief, Service to Armed Forces; Remainder Is For Local All-Time Services; Jewish Wel- fare Funds in Other Major Cities Join Plan Eleven organizations serving the needy in foreign lands, the armed forces of the United States and local charity will be included in the first unite...…
…October 2, 1942 n of Lorne LI by lent, the the lion. at rrner 1, is the vital !onl- pre- eon. Ind at 1 of der, nese Ian- or- on1- by the nets lore of lun- !on. Al- into ;ion for will !oils the lull lity it a the and for sort aim sort Ini- will ela- ner ion will ass of Ian ew- of de- )111- ort led he not ed. the Rill ow red tes oit Ial Ay, he ial es. a of i gs th- ta- nd .nt ee of Michigan Synagogue Conference Calls for ...…
…-Friday, October 2, 1942 THE JEWISH NEWS `And Millions Shall Die' Is Lichtheim's Prediction Of Jews' Fate in Europe Chajes Dedicates Work to Butzel 4,000 Word Article Released From Geneva By Independent Jewish Press Service Reveals Hideous Tragedies of Nazi Persecution In a 4,000-word article syndicated in this country by •the Independent Jewish Press Service, Richard Lichtheim, writing from Geneva, Switzerland, warns that the Jews of Eur...…
…4 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle Detroit Jewish Chronicle A New Wrinkle and THE LEGAL CHRONICLE Published Weekly by Jewish Chronicle Publishing Co., Inc. Joseph Goebbels, Minister of propa- ganda and enlightenment now informs the German people through the columns of his paper, Das Reich, that if they lose the war the United Nations will remove their children to foreign lands, and enslave them for twenty-five years. This ...…
…• ri Page Four THE JEWISH NEWS Friday, October 2, 1942 Breaking the Chains THE JEWISH NEWS The Weekly Sermonette Member of Independent Jewish Press Service. Jewish Tele- graphic Agency, Seven Arts Feature Syndicate, Religious News Service, Palcor News Agency, Bressler Cartoon Service, Wide World Photo Service. Published every Friday by Jewish News Publishing Co., 2114 Penobscot Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Telephone, RAndolph 7956. Sub- scri...…
…42 *my Surprises LP ill Feature Bond Auction Michigan's Governor Murray D. it into the war effort and hopes Van Wagoner will open the Viet- for a return adequate to the ory Bond Wagon Show on Satur- value of the gift. The hat will day , Oct. 3. It will be a public be auctioned on the air by George broaduzist over all Detroit sta- \V. Stark, editor of Town Talk Lions from 7 to 7:45 P. M. in in The Detroit News. the great auditorium of the An...…
…Friday, October 2, 1942 THE JEWISH NEWS 111mmnuminilmiummumwmamommumuumn Pm' ely I COMMENTARY 4 By PHILIP SLOMOVITZ =- C (Copyright, 1942, Independent Jewish Press Service) 111111111E1111MIIMUM1111111111111111111111111=1111111=1111117 Do Jews Read? Catholics of America annually issue an official statement to in- `dicate the number of newspapers and periodicals published in this •country for members of the 'church and the number of th...…
…6 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle Octobtt 1942 IN THE REALM OF LOCAL SOCIETY . Among the recent guests of Mr. and Mrs. David Touff and Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Freeman son Daniel of Denver, Colo., are at their lodge in Sturgeon Point, spending a few weeks in Detroit Michigan were: visiting with their parents, Mr.' Postmaster and Mrs. Roscoe and Mrs. Louis Fiske, and Mr. Huston of Glencoe Hills, Ypsilan- and Mrs. Louis Toe. ...…
…Page Six THE JEWISH NEWS Zedakah's Fall Tea To Be Held Oct. 19 YOUTH EDUCATION LEAGUE Youth Education League will have a membership tea at the home of Mrs. Rudy LoPatin, 16514 Baylis Ave., Monday at 1:30 p. m. The program will in- clude a book review. Members are urged to bring their friends interested in membership. • • • SISTERS OF ZION DONOR LUNCHEON ON DEC. 8 Sisters of Zion Mizrachi's sixth annual donor luncheon will be held Dec. 8 at ...…
…Ooot , ir 2, 1942 ENGAGED Oct. 4—Miss Sylvia Goldman, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. S. Goldman of Elmhurst Ave, to Frank Schumer, nephew of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Schumer. Oct. 11—Miss Shirley Levine, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Sam Levine of Collingwood Ave., to Arthur Robinson, son of Mr. and Mrs. Julius Robinson of Glynn Court. Oct. 15—Miss Jennie Hoffman, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Hoffman of 2750 Sturtevant Ave. to Charles M. Amberg, son of Mrs...…
…Friday, Ocfol,er 2, 1942 W THEJEISH NEWS SOCIAL EVENTS -NEW Women's League To Meet Oct. 14 S OF INTEREST TO WOMEN ACTIVITIES IN SOCIETY Page Severr Hadassah Honor Roll Fete Oct. 20 Olga Fricker Directs Dancing Class for Beth El Sisterhood The League of Jewish Women's Mr. and Mrs. Louis Gump have returned to their home in John- The program for the Hadassah Organizations will hold its first son City, Term., following a short visit with ...…
…8 .L An Open Letter to All Citizens of Michigan DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle New Music Book By Young Musician Carmen Amaya at Fisher Town Hall Oct. 14 October 2, 1942 State Committees of Bnai Brith Are Named Clifford A. Prevost, correspon- the correspondents. dent for the Detroit Free Press, This is Senator Brown's first Carmen Amaya, exciting Fla- Harriet Latt is a young music- menco dancer and her troupe of Washin...…
…Marriages Saul Davidson Dies After Long Illness Pariser-Fellman: In the presence of 1.1- immediate families and a few close friends, Roslyn Helen Dr. Hershman Pays High Fellinan, daughter of Mr. and Tribute to Merchant Buried Mit;. Aaron Fellman, was united in marriage on Sept. 25, to Dr. Monday Herbert Leonard Pariser. son of High tribute to the memory Mr. and Mrs. Sol Pariser of of the late Saul Davidson was Passaic, N. J. The ceremony, wh...…
…A merico' yewish Periodical Oilier 4 2 October 2, 1942 HADASSAH (Continued from Page 1) ng ds he , :r. UT r. c; Is, 'e- r- 5- r, r. t; ii, ul e l it man of the 1942 roll of honor campaign. Mrs. Benj. Jaffe and Mrs. Seymour Frank are co- chairmen. Vice chairmen are Mrs. Milton Alexander, Mrs. Perry P. Burnstine, Mrs. Max Blumberg, Harry Barnett, Mrs. Nate Shapiro and Mrs. Herman Sten- buck, of Pontiac. Mrs. Henry Willman is chair...…
…Friday, October 2, 1942 THE JEWISH NEWS PERSONALITY SKETCH Our CHILDREN'S Schools to Honor Aaron Silberblatt CORNER UHS Membership Goal Set Dear Boys and Girls: Again, I wish you a pleasant festival. I know what happiness Shn- hath Torah will bring you this Saturday night a n d, Sunday morning, when you should at-- tend services and Rejoice in the Torah. With the holidays coming to a close, you will now have to de- c3vote yourselves very ...…
…10 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle BNAI BRITH (Continued from Page 1) from doctrinal differences, Bnai Brith has afforded a common plat- form for service on the part of all elements in the Jewish com- munity because of its universal, its objectives of interest to all Jews, and its emphasis upon the positive values in Jewish life. The dynamic growth of• the Bnai Brith, the many and varied vital causes which it serves, the r...…
