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October 01, 1943 • Page Image 47

…A ltai= lavish Periodiail Carta October 1, 1943 (Continued from page 11) ib- ht ns lie do ti- lls • IS DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle CAMP kir us to CLIFTON AVINUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO scores of college campuses. Many parents, in more or less unobserv- ant homes, receive letters which make them wonder what form of delightful evangelism has swal- lowed up their soldier-sons! Socials take a great deal of planning ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 48

…Page Forty-eight THE JEWISH NEWS 100 Years of Bnsi Brith (Continued from Page 47) Bnai Brith's District 6 that it create a permanent publicity committee to combat anti-Jewish manifestations in an intelligent, dignified and .organized way. Out of that committee grew the more effective instrumentality known to all as the Anti-Defamation League of Bnai Brith, which since its formation in 1913 has been headed by Mr. Livingston, with Richard E....…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 48

…16 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle October I 1943 UNIVERSITY de: igned and installed in a local A heartening event, though it Brach. How they are received is refugee communities in Latin factory not long ago by a Uni- oanie at a lime—last July--when hest expressed by it letter from America. (Continued from Page 12) versity scientist. This fact is im- Palestine seemed in imminent Lt. Dorothy Victor: In the meantime the D. c...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 49

…Friday, October I, 1943 THE JEWISH- NEWS Publication Society Views Growth, Aid to U.S. Jewry Came Into Being In Order To Meet Problem During Critical Period in History of the American Jewish Community; Founded 55 Years Ago By DR. SOLOMON GRAYZEL Editor, Jewish Publication Society of America A consciousness of crisis pre- contrary, a very powerful force vails in the thoughts and actions for good. In this case it laid the of the Jews today. ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 49

…A mericam la t ish Periodical eater CLIFTON AMUR - CINCINNATI 211/2 OHIO Detroit Jewish Chronicle and The Legal Chronicle_ VOL. 45, NO. 40 DETROIT, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER I, 1943 The Murder of the Jewish People By ILYA EHRENBURG Terrible is the roster of Nazi crimes. The graves of the inno- cent, the charred ruins of cities, cry out to the conscience of the world. In Russia the Hitlerites are massacring women, old people and childre...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 50

…Page Fifty THE JEWISH NEWS Friday, October 1, 1943 Don't tell that o the Invasion Troops! • X44* 1 ' 4 tir #‘ 4c * 44 t **** DETROIT SUSPENDER A. PUPKO & BELT COMPANY 210 First St. CURTAINS, DRAPES 9030 Twelfth St. HENRY'S STORES, INC. MR. and MRS. A. B. MARGOLIS MENS' & BOYS' WEAR AND FAMILY 3322 Buena Vista Dexter Cor. Webb IRVING HERMELIN AGENCY Insurance MICHIGAN BEACH HOTEL 605 Fox Building South Haven, Mich. NATION...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 50

…DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle 2 October I, 943 Peace Math Its Victories By JOSEPH E. BECK Executive Director. National Refugee Service There was never a greater opportunity, or a greater need, for enlightened and constructive thinking and action by American Jews than that which will con- front us during the coming year. Victory for the United Nations, if not close at hand, is at least within sight. But victory will not ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 51

…Friday, October 1, 1943 Our CHILDREN'S CORNER Dear Boys- and Girls: I wish you all a very Happy New Year. This is our most solemn per- iod in the entire year. But this year it is more serious than ever. The entire World is at war. Each one of us has a father or a brother or a cousin in the war. Many of us have sisters in uniform, because women, too, are playing an important role in helping win the war. Therefore we all pray more concertedly...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 51

…Americo( 'elfish Periodical eater April CLIFTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO 3 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle 16, 1943 Building Interfaith Comity In U. S. Camps By DR. ISRAEL GOLDSTEIN Rabbi of Congregation Bnai Jeshurun and President of Synagogue Council of America A great privilege was mine re- country, in the company of a cently to visit a number of army Catholic Priest and a Protestant. Minister. We went as an in...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 52

…THE Page Fifty-two NEWS JEWISH Friday, Ochibar 1, 1943 . A L L 1 N IT ("Invasion Scenes" On Our Own War Bond Front) nE DAYTON • OHIO • TACOMA WASH. them leaping ashore from invasion barges, facing enemy bullets. But in the War Bond Rally pictures sh . own here are thou- sands of Americans who are playing a vital - inva- sion role,, just the same. Because. Invasion is everybody's job: The army of the 3rd War Loan is on the march! Mi...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 52

…4 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle "scientific experiments." "The hermetically sealed vans. asphyxi- Jews are placed in special vans ated, and buried seven kilometers where they are asphyxiated with outside the city. (Continued from Page 1) Iu Krupko the Germans shot three Jews in the typhus hospital. gases and their corpses then bu- about a thousand Jews, as far They went there and in the ward ried with the help of excavator...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 53

…Friday, eaob:er T, 1943 THE JEWISH NEWS Arab-Jewish Labor Unity Discounts Rumors Of Rift Hebrew Medical Journal Dedicates Anniversary to War Medicine Dr. Finkelstein Again to Head Science Parley . Histadruth, Federation of Jewish Labor in Palestine, NEW YORK (JPS)—Dr. Louis Presses Joint Demands for Higher Wages, Working Finkelstein, president of the Jewish Theological Seminary of Conditions on Government Projects America, has been re-...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 53

…October I, 1943 5 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle .°. A WOMAN O1 VALOR .•. By DAVID S. JACOBSON poor Jews lived. Immediately, Miss Montagu set to work to re- build, and within one year, a new home has been established. At its dedication recently, Miss (Reprinted from "Liberal Judaism") Montagu revealed that she and Undaunted by the ravages of world were heart-broken when, her sister had planned to turn Editor's Note: A v...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 54

…,Pege:; Fifty,fouf - T H E: J W S NEWS neve - Ciefolier -.K43 Elks • •, • ')P Imagine this goose-stepping Nazi prisoner giving me that! "What makes you think so?", says I OUR _HOME FRONT," he comes back "your peOple at home are too soft and selfish to make sacrifices. And unless they buy you the guns and tanks and planes, your INVASION will be a slaughter." The Firms and Individuals Sponsoring This Advertisement WISH YOU A HAPPY NE...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 54

…6 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle October I, 1943 is all to the good. Jingo patriotism the first time, with their fellow- combat when they would be sit- jamin Franklin's caution to tlio INTERFAITH leaves them unmoved. Oratorical Americans of diverse geographi- flourishes which back home would cal, economic and cultural group- be greeted by applause, they pass ings. Their experiences need to kb boys get to feel that they a...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 55

…Friday., °doter T, 1943 THE Gewerkshaften Secure New Offices on Linwood Ave. JEWISH NEWS New Hope Announcement of Plans Made by Morris L., Schaver Chairman; Harry Schumer, Treasurer, Expects Increased Giving in Next Year's Drive Morris L. Schaver, president of the Detroit branch of the Na- tional Labor Committee for Pal- estine, (Gewerkshaften), an- nounced that new offices have been rented at 9142 Linwood Ave. The new headquarters in- ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 55

…Amerkait jcwi,k Pcriodkal eater CLIPTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO October I, 1943 PEACE ti IF 7 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle (Continued from page 2) disturbance — as nothing more than bugaboos. For the first time in the history of the United States the absorption of a large Happy New Year To All! U. S. Housewrecking Co. 19966 DEQUINDRE TOwnsend 8-7761 group of newcomers has been in- telligently planned and...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 56

…, Page Fifty-six iliiii.1111111011,01111ROMNIMW. , .• Friday, Ocfober 1, 1943 THE JEWISH NEWS This one's going to hurt INVASION COMES HIGH—in Mood and rnoneY: Part of the cost must be paid with human life. That means deep and lasting hurt for many and many an American family. Part of the cost must be paid in cash . this Se- P -tember. And that's going to hurt, too! The 3rd War Loan Is Here! To pay for invasion— to get the money to ke...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 56

…DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle MURDER Continued from Page 4) my man• Leinov spoke to some of these doomed people. He wit- nessed mass executions. How can one describe these things. I was brought up in Mos- cow. My native tongue is Rus- sian. I carnot speak Yiddish. I am a Russian writer, a Soviet citizen, a man to whom European culture is precious. Now I am attached to the Jews by the bonds of the untold suffering of our n...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 57

…Friday, Ociolief T, 1943 THE JEWISH NEWS Mt. Sinai Hospital Branch Outlines 5th Donor Event Detroit branch of the Mount Sinai Hospital Association has completed plans for an all-out campaign to obtain reservations for the fifth annual donor event to be held at the Masonic Tem- ple Wednesday afternoon, Oct. 27, when the well-known Molly Pi- con and her company will pro- vide the featured entertainment. Plans were laid and commit- tees appoin...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 57

…t • Tr r.4 America Avisk Periodical eater CLIFTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle Rosh Hashonah and a Life-Saving Program B y SAMUEL SCHAEFER Executive Secretary, National Jewish Hospital at Denver The new Jewish year of 5701 demands of all of us a reorienta- tion of our entire thinking. The day-by-day struggle for a liveli- hood sinks into insignificance when we consider a...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 58

…Page Fifty-eight THE JEWISH NEWS WHEN WILL Friday, Ocfoll:et -1, 1941 - THIS WAR BE OVER-? WAR LOA FATTISH MAN we overheard in a Pullman A said it would be over some time during the week of November 11. He'd talked to "a man.- w - ho kiiew a man who was high up in the army" who'd said the Allies were planning to terminate the war on the 25th Anniversary of the Armistice. The fattish man doesn't know. A woman, who is president of a...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 58

…October DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle I 0 INTERFAITH Continued from page 6 of the world may be even more crucial than its part in the win- ning of the war. "A global peace must be a peace in which the small nations as well as the great ones shall have the chance at life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. A global peace must be a peace in which the scourge of unemploy- ment shall be lifted, through in- ternational co...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 59

…Friday,. October 1 , 1943 T hi E JEWIS,H.NEWS Pr. Neuman Retires After 16 Years as Mikveh Israel Rabbi 1943 — PHILADELPHIA, Pa. — Fol- lowing upon a distinguished ser- *7i.N.) of 16 years as Rabbi of the historic Congregation Mikveh Is- Ol, Dr. Abraham A. Neuman Fast of TO* Rosh Hodegii Shutt Hamishatk:Asar 13'Slra.e :1"; Rosh-Ilicklesit Adar Fad of Ptirini. - ' Rosh Hodesh. Nissan.. Passover Rosh Hodesh Iyar - Lag b'Omer Rash Bodesli ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 59

…A merica ffewisk Periodical Carta CLIFTON AVENUE - CINCINNAII 20, OHIO October I, 1943 PEACE (Continued from page 7) Jr II DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle lish refugees in business and agri- culture and for other purposes, its vocational retraining of 2,000, its provision of temporary direct re- lief to thousands—mast be viewed primarily as indicators of the work that is being carried on in every corner of the land, an...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 60

…Page Sixty Friday, Ocfori.eii T, 1943 THE JEWISH NEWS ,.,- . -,). ..icee - s ,- pr, . 6.oil l--i- Jewish Youth's • .. -...,..... .g., ill .1. x • - t iga,.---- vst.L.-- 4`) o vsl • te rtlt ce.tan ''-' d 4e Lle. t _-9 \;...-- 1'6 Iset 10. v.,11 1,,,eac- I-4:17 t Isar. “Give b : .,. 0 , , Iv r i i , e : i : n . tttoev e t :. : . .i a: 1 " e . -, ; r e a. gNi l e . , It 1/ . . 4 v ) ____;. e i li s a l: : i ; .....: . b rr.s ,_,,,, • r, -...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 60

…October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE end The Legal Chronicle 12 JOE American Jewry to extend this; lens will be far worse this time." aid. Listen to the first stanza: "Yes," said Joe. "While Amer- (Continued from Page 1) can Jewry will doubtless have 'Jews of the great Republic to continue to play its part in "But beyond insuring the civil Clasped to her mother-breast Nestling so warm and peaceful giving aid, the solution of the and po...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 61

…Friday, OctoIer t, 1943 T_HE JEWISH NEWS_ • EDITORIAL An Effective Appeal On previous occasions, The Jewish News has condemned conditions which have brought about duplication of effort S in the fight for Jewish rights and in appeals being directed to the United Nations to assure speedy action for the rescuing of Jews who are suffering in Nazi-doMinated countries. If we could only pool all our resources in behalf of Jew- ish needs! Every gr...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 61

…October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle PROGRAM tuberculosis patients by giving instrument work, draftsmanship, them an opportunity to use their small machine work and similar (Continued from page 9 ) many skills to help the nation's skills. These classes are open to tuber- the New Year with courage and wa• program. For the hospital, recognizing culosis patients resident in neigh- faith. that manpower shortages in m...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 62

…(, Page Sixty-two THE JEWISH •NEWS LETTER BOX A Serviceman's Appreciation of The Jewish News Editor, The Jewish News: The Jewish News is appreci- ated here, for the local news at home and for the news of the Jewish world. The boys really like The Jewish News. PVT.• E. PLAFKIN Co. A, ASTU 3920 U. of Oregon Eugene, Ore. * * * DR. ROBERTSON FOR MAYOR HERE Editor, The Jewish News: After careful thought and con- sideration I• am submitting ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 62

…April 16, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle effort of the forum. 0011 he my life and I in turn have per- is "Sincerely, "William L. Young, see all the second-hand tales and 'manna" from heaven. The wag- secuted the colored race and "Chaplain, Captain INTERFAITH myths which you may have heard ing of peace is a struggle against looked down upon other groups. "Camp Edison, N. J about other groups, punctured by forces of blin...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 63

…Friday, October 1, 1943 THE JEWISH NEWS Weekly Review of the News of the World (Compiled From Cables of Independent Jewish Press Service) AMERICA See Also Page 3 Pvt. Harry Bodzin, 23, Brooklyn, was one of the five-man mobile gun crew credited with probably saving the original American beachhead in Salerno. Alone in the middle of a road, the American boys -took on 13 German tanks the day the Fifth Army landed. They destroyed three tanks ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 63

…America/I ,fewish Periodical Cotter CUIPTON AUNTIE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO 15 October 1, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle OUR HOPE AND TASK FOR 5704 sible even while the conflict rages, ;MI he expedited by action rather and to prepare the apparatus of By ABRAHAM HERMAN, President '.tan by mere words of compas- relief, rescue and rehabilitation The year 5704 of the Hebrew Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 64

…••. Page Sixty-four THE JEWISH NEWS From Carnpiuts To Camp Milers Program for Jewish Students in Uniform By DR. A. L. SACHAR through the Hillel Foundations and their carefully developed program. To these Jewish stu- dent constituencies, Hillel sent trained leaders, usually rabbis, whose superb Jewish back- ground, dynamic personalities, and administrative skills, were to be utilized to create a kind of kehillah on the campus. For 20 year...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 64

…October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle I6 never do the dastardly things ones be honored. By their graves continues her work for this cause club spirit increase in strength? which the Nazis are doing today. we dedicate ourselves to the up- VALOR There is obviously no use in call- If she does yield to the popular lifting of our thoughts and feel- indefatigably. to the purification of our ing ourselves Jews unless in ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 65

…4merita Apish Pedalled C enter 4 CLIFTON A.6NOI - CINCINNATI 10, OHIO Detroit Jewish Chronicle and The Legal Chronicle_ 10c Single Copy: $3.00 Per Year DETROIT, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER I, 1943 VOL. 45, NO. 40 "DEED BY DEED" The Year In The Capital : PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT LAUDS JEWISH WAR EFFORT IN ROSH HASHONAH MESSAGE WASHINGTON (WNS)—President Roosevelt sent a Rosh Hashonah message to the Jews of America lauding the Jewish...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 66

…October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle 2 peal to pay the way for large- from the destroyer finished them. Paul, Minn., was at mfieerlcdi.a1Hpelanaer: the controls 215. ainniluersiarfm rden(11 the field. taming through the fund-raising en patrolled the open rived to find the runway a mass LIBERATION channel of the United Jewish Al)- scale immigration of homeless of wreckage and destruction. He (Continued from Page 1...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 67

…Ameriea ,fewisk Perimlied &ter CLIFTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, 01110 3 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle October I, 1943 an Communities 's Greetings to All From Michig New Year and agricultural development to peace time, • but which have scene. And if we are to win the doubled in difficulties since our peace, it is essential that we con- aid the United Nations forces entry into the war. Edward R. tinue this salvage of the ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 68

…October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE end The Legal Chronicle 4 New Year's Greetings to All From Michigan Communities Before Jap bombers began to what had once been a Dutch ad- Hyrnie Epstein, of Omaha, Neb., A rescue party got to him b rt lay alongside of Major Bert Epstein was dead. Major Zeeff said later: "Dr demolish the "open city" of Ma- ministration building. "I heard bullets rip into the Zeeff, who the corn- any. As commanded a ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 69

…A merica ffewith periodical &liter CLIFTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO 5 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle October I, 1943 New Year's Greetings to All From Michigan Communities enlist- bantamweight (won by Abe At- paring for a spot with the same inroads of the draft dug and deeply, tel back in 1908) to the heavy- outfit. Both of these lads were really the scene is desolate. Many weight held by Max Baer in considered the l...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 70

…October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle New Year's Greetings to All From Michigan Communities them. A ball of flame grazed the in Africa, and with the first Fort- tric As suit plug circled was attached. they the coast of 50 enemy fighter plane ily, c ment stopped. A shell struck Schmidt in the surface of the rudder on Laven's resses Cohen over has Italy. been on 52 bombing Si attacked the Fortress formation. ship. ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 71

…America ,fewi.s* Periodical e aster CLIFTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO 1 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle October I. 1943 New Year's Greetings to All From Michigan Communities if ith but they left too hurriedly. Mirac- and American troops. Local Jew- altar had been smashed as w ulously, the Ten Commandments ish pilots piloted the American sledge hammers. The windows had and the Shield of David above had fleet into Algi...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 72

…October I. 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle 8 to All From Michigan Communities - New Year's Greetings defeated and one newcomer w held in Bermuda instead of Ot- break of war, aliens had had to in the Civil War, in the Spanish- tawa as originally suggested. It submit app lications to the Immi- elected in November. Daniel Ell'- American War and, of course, in was felt that the conference gration and Naturalization Serv- ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 73

…A merica larfrk Periodical CeNter CLIFTON MINUS - CINCINNATI ao, osmo 9 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle October I, 1943 A MISSION TO ENGLAND gious guidance and services, ganizations. Although the Jews tality faciliti mem be made whereby local Jewish • • will help provide for cif, they have a secondary mein- families Editor's Note: Anxious to meet the special needs of our Jewish men throughout the armed services. Enterta...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 74

…October 1, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle financiall:a evidence of American unity of 10 statement emphasizing that the nouncement was made that a come brackets. Persons of the war effort. purpose of their visit was "to plan for United Nations relief able and willing to themselves provide for find un- purpose pects in the humanitarian as- In a few weeks from now the unite the efforts of the Jews of and rehabilitation ...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 75

…America ,fewisk PerioNeal Cotter CINCINNATI 20, 01110 II DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle October 1, 1943 Our Task In the New Era By DR. ISRAEL GOLDSTEIN President, Jewish National Fund of America 22 New Palestine Settlements on J. N. F. Land National Fund. Since the out- break of the war, twenty-two The year 5704 of the Hebrew Lice to the Jewish people as well. new colonies have been built on alendar which we are ushe...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 76

…October I, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle I2 ou it is being well spent, nce America football team selected really miss religious guidance. assure you a broad is evide at and soundness of home the inner and of by experts and critics last Thanks- Where there are no chaplains I cannot close without paying ADVANCE of the giving. Other at they try to organize religious tribute to the oing splendid work Red in Great Britain...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 77

…A merica gewish Periodical Carter CLIVTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO Chronicle DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE end The Legal October 1, 1943 _Food Conference Progenitor tect a negrow who otherwise any golden veins of wealth and proverbial song, but refused to same Editor's Note: Nearly two score years ago the American David would surely have perished at returned after a while disbanded. David revise when, the bargain in his East, having lost h...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 78

…October 1, 1943 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle t, 14 I was preparing to conduct my Werfel received one of them and served to broaden his vision and well as his towards the seems to attitude me," he then said, last Jewish service in this Red now uses it for services for knowledge deepen that insight nature into and of human that . faith of his own people. "It JUDAISM basic a structure will show Cross chapel arranged in Alg...…

October 01, 1943 • Page Image 79

…A steriem Amish Periodical eater October I, 1941 CUPTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, OHIO Is Chronicle bETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal from Shanghai to Jerusalem children for the Children's met with notable success in sev- Jewish refugees from mps. Algerian Bible. Its Emigration Project, seeing them cral countries. Local authorities By MOSES A. LEAVITT labor and internment s ing through the American consulates have, on more than one oc...…

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