…Bill of Indictment on Accusation of Yankel Liebovich Khantsis Editor's Note: The author of this article, a Simmons College student who is specializing in studies of Russian-Jewish condi- tions, is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Feldman of Birmingham, Mich., . and the granddaughter of Ira Kaufman. In her prefatory note to this article she explains: "Never be- fore has the United States seen a legal account of the indict- ment of a Soviet ...…
…38—Friday, April 27, 1973 THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS People Make News ram Walker Inc., has been named general chairman of the 1973 United Negro Col- lege Fund campaign for the state of Michigan. Musick was honored in 1969 by the United Jewish Appeal for his leadership in stimulating concern for humanitarian causes. In 1971, a perman- ent scholarship and fellow- HARRIET BERG, teacher ship fund was established in and choreographer, will be his n...…
…THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS Friday, April 27, 1973-39 Boosting Econom y Aids Emio-es ky' Tito May Send Letter to TA) GoIda VIENNA (JTA) Presi- dent Tito of Yugoslavia may give West German Chancel- lor Willy Brandt a personal and private letter to take to Israeli Premier Golda Meir when he visits Israel soon, sources close to Brandt said here. The sources said the Aliddle East conflict was a major topic in the private discussions Brandt was ha...…
…BBYO Sets Walk Sunday Bid/ ls vided by a band of members of Goode and Sporn AZA. BBYOers from through- out the Detroit area, as well as from Flint, Ann Arbor and Grand Rapids. are ex- pected to walk. Other youth groups have been invited. The public is welcome to participate. April 20 — To Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wolfe (Carol Sloman), 4652 Argyle, Troy, a daughter, Julie Rebecca. April 20 — To Mr. and Mrs. Gary 11I. Greenstein (Marilyn Diamond...…
…THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS CLASSIFIED ADVERTISMENTS 13—APARTMENTS FOR RENT Liners and display classified ads accepted from responsible firms or individuals by telephone up to 2 p.m., Wednesday. For rates and information .. . AMBER FLATLETS Crooks Rd. at 13 1 /4 CALL 356-8400 549-4045 i----...--4s---.40.----..- SOUTHFIELD IMMED. OCCUP. 10—ROOMS FOR RENT ROOM for employed lady, widows home, privg., 9-Coolidge. 543-2275. 11—TO SHARE LIV...…
…13—APARTMENTS FOR RENT GREENFIELD North of 7 Mile AMBER FLATLETS Etlectic motif, neoteric decor. Crooks Rd. at 13 1 /1 Royal Oak 549-4045 Spacious 1 bedrm. apt., w/liv. kit., bath and utility rm., fully carpeted inc. air cond., and all aPpl. COACH HOUSE APTS. 91/2 Mile & Greenfield Luxury, large 1 bedrm. town- house opt., w/carpeting, ap- pliances, cent. air, pool & sauna. 642-6118 DECORATORS DELUXE THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS 42—Fri...…
…17—HOMES FOR SALE 17—HOMES FOR SALE 17—HOMES FOR SALE OPEN SUNDAY 2-5 OAK PARK 23631 Morton N. of 9 Mile Rd. Open Sunday 2-5 Brick ranch, all large rooms. Good table space in kitchen includes stove & refrig. 11/2 baths, Fla. rm. Full basement. 11/2 car garage. Owner anxi- ous. Price reduced to $22,900 with only 5% down. HARTFORD REALTY 255-6900 W. BLOOMFIELD N. Potomac Green 2700 sq. ft. Williamsburg colonial. 4 bedrms, 2Y2 baths, 1...…
…r—man THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS 44—Friday, April 27, 1973 17—HOUSES FOR SALE 17—HOMES FOR SALE BY OWNER IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY 3 bed, brk. ranch, full base, beaut. screened summer porch. Oak Park's prime location. Close to everything. Retired couple moving only $22,900, By Owner Open Sunday 2-5 3 bedrm. brk. ranch, lg. kit., pass hall, fin. porch, full base- ment, Only $26,500. 21630 Ridgedale 547-6424 532-7442 WAYSIDE GLEN FINEST LOCAT...…
…17—HOUSES FOR SALE 17—HOMES FOR SALE KNOLLWOOD HEIGHTS OAK PARK A REAL BUY! Modern 2 bedrm. ranch in excel- lent "move-in" condition. Gas forced air ht., 2 1/2 cr. gar. plus carport. Assume mtge. with mo. paymts of $161. Priced at only $18,900 for immed. sale. ABNER C. ROSENZWEIG 548-1500 566-4644 chamberlain Southfield Mt. Vernon Set on a lovely landscaped lot is this country Col. home. A few of the exceptional firs. are huge Fam. R...…
…17-HOMES FOR SALE 17 - WEST BLOOMFIELD HOMES FOR SALE 46-Friday, April 27, 1973 THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS 1ST TIME OFFERED 30 DAY OCCUPANCY COLONIAL & CAPE COD ELEGANT LIVING From $51,490 WEST BLOOMFIELD LAKE ESTATES in West Bloomfield Lake privileges in picturesque GOLF COUNTRY CLUB ESTATES. Model located of 5455 POCONO Drive. Direc- tions: Take Orchard Lake Rd. to Walnut Lake Rd. 1 Mile W. of Orchard Lake Rd. Enter on GREENBRIAR ...…
…BETTER THAN NEW CUSTOM BUILT IN SOUTHFIELD DEERFIELD VILLAGE Four bedroom colonial, new shag carpeting in living room and dining room, fireplace in family room, built-in kitchen, breakfast area, 2 1/2 baths, full basement, professionally land- scaped yard with swimming pool and deck, $46,900. WSE Professionally decorated, step down family room with beamed ceiling, natural fireplace, formal dining room, 14 ft. ultra modern kitchen, large br...…
…THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS 48—Friday, April 27, 1973 - 17—HOUSES FOR SALE 17—HOMES FOR SALE Thinking of building that New Home? BLOOMFIELD SQUARE SUB. FARMINGTON TOWNSHIP INKSTER and QUARTON ROAD 3 bedrm. colonial. 11/2 baths, 20x13 fam. rm., gas log fire- place, fully carpeted and wall- papered, cent. air, full sodded, 20x30 patio, gas BBQ, many more extras. Owner. Open Sun- 1-5. East of Middlebelt, off 11 Mile. North on Arden Park, Eas...…
…17—HOMES FOR SALE 17—HOMES FOR SALE 12 Mile-Greenfield Area OPEN SUNDAY 2-5 STARTER OR RETIREE HUNTINGTON WOODS 25544 WAREHAM Southfield, exc. 3 bedrm. brk. branch , 2 car gar, carpeting Anru-out house, kit. blt-ins, complete fenced yard. $24,- 800. S. of Lincoln, W. of Woodward English country style Col. Large Liv. Rm. w/firepl., Din. Rm., kitch. breakf. rm., 3 bedrms. plus Den, 2 baths, att. 2 car gar. Reduced to $47,500. Must be sold...…
…THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS 50-Friday, April 27, 1973 50-BUSINESS CARDS 40-EMPLOYMENT LARKINS MOVING CO. EXPERIENCED Household and Office Furniture Sales & loan person to work in pawn shop. Full time, good salary, paid vacation, call: 968-0006 Local and Long Distance Also Storage Evenings 7:30 to 10:30 894-4587 or 361-5222 SMALL SOUTHWESTERN ON- TARIO, CANADA COMMU- NITY OF 40 JEWISH FAM- ILIES REQUIRES QUALIFIED RABBI & TEACHER. POSI-...…
…Anna Zamsky, 83; Zedakah Leader Anna Zamsky, a former Detroiter who . helped or- ganize the Jewish Baby Day Nursery here in the 1920s, died Monday in Cleveland, where she made her home for the past 37 years. She was 83. Mrs. Zamsky, a native of Baltimore, was a charter member and former presi- dent of Zedakah Club in De- troit, which assists the needy aged and services mental hospitals. In Cleveland, she was ac- tive in Hadassah and the Jewis...…
…The Dayans-Courage Intermingled With Idealism Ruth, the Woman Who Created Notable Israeli Craftsmen's Projects Through Maskit understanding of pioneering and state-building in Israel. Many anecdotes are worth recording. Barbara Tuchman, one of the most eminent women writers of our time, likes the story about Ezer Weizman, who reprimanded a prominent person for hav- ing refused a ride to Ruth while she was in the Negev, while offering a seat ...…
…• Campaign Closes May 181 Allied Jewish Irving Kane Guest Speaker at Victory Celebration Dinner With Irving Kane, of Cleveland, president of the Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds, as guest speaker, the 1962 Allied Jewish Campaign will come to a close next Wednesday, at the traditional community victory dinner at the Jewish Center. To assure the campaign's success, the 3,000 campaign workers are contacting, during the remaining ...…
…Purely Commentary Campaigning Closing a Day By Philip of Reckoning .. . Calamity SIOMOVitZ of City Without Papers State Dept. Official, UN Envoy, Confer in Israel with Mrs. Meir JERUSALEM, (JTA) — Mrs. Jewish law is that a kohen must not defile himself by entering Golda Meir, Israel's Foreign funeral home. Kohanim have traditionally stayed at a distance a Minister received James P. Detroit Jewry is seriously challenged. When the Allied from...…
…NEW YORK (JTA) — Jacob chairman, Michael S. Comay, crude device of prohibiting the S. Potofsky, president of the Ambassador U On Sein, of import of matzoh which have Amalgamated Clothing Work- Burma and Ambassador Ger- been offered as a gift to those families behind the Iron Cur- ers of America, strongly con- shon Collier, of Sierra Leone. Citing this year's Soviet tain who wish to preserve their demned the Soviet Union for its efforts to erad...…
…Education Weapon for Survival THE JEWISH NEWS 20, 1951 Incorporating the Detroit Jewish Chronicle commencing with issue of July Ed1 - Member American Association of English—Jewish Newspaper. Michigan Press Association, National torial Published Association. every Friday by The Jewish News Pub lishing Co., 17100 West Seven Mile Road, Detroit 35, Mich.. VE 8-9364. Subscription $5 a year. Entered as second class matter Aug. Foreign 6, 1942 $6...…
…German Group Hits Lega lized Schechita HAMBURG. (JTA)—The Ger- plauded by many other mem- man Association Against Cruel- bers. A bill to revise Nazi legisla- ty to Animals, which opposes tion, which banned ritual the legalization of Jewish ritual The Brooklyn congressman in principle to such practices. WASHINGTON, (JTA)—The slaughter, is being drafted in House Foreign Affairs Commit- Halpern, in his testimony, said that the United States, by ...…
…Report Foreign Anti-Semites Try to Bolster German Neo-Nazism Pr1 Bnai Brith Council Given Consultative Status with UNESCO BONN (JTA) — Right-wing 390 anti-Semitic and neo-Nazi The Bnai Brith International organizations in the Federal Re- incidents reported, and 300 per- Council has been given con- public of Germany are on the sons were arrested. It is known, sultative status with the United decline, but neo-Nazi and neo- however, that many ...…
…Israel Bond Drive to Launch Intensive Spring Phase in U.S.4,' If- COMFORT'S YOUR GOAL . . NEW YORK, (JTA) — The 14th anniversary of the State of Israel will launch the intensive spring phase of the Israel bond drive in communities throughout the United States and Canada, it was announced by Dr. Joseph J. Schwartz, vice-president of the Israel Bond Organization. 4 More than 300 campaign meet- ings honoring Israel's anniversary are scheduled...…
…DETROIT JEW ISH NEW S — Friday, April 27, 1962 416 CC Leader Compulsory Catholic Instruction, /Belgium Reported Seeking Extradition of Nazi-Era VIENNA (JTA) — The Bel- has been living here since 1945. OAS—the French terrorist or- gian government was reported Four prominent Belgian resis- ganization fighting against the Marxism Threaten Argentine Jews to have asked Austria to extra- tance fighters will come to Vi- liberation of Algeria—and n...…
…of the signers of the Non-Im- Stamp Act Repeal Signer Benjamin Levy, an American portation Agreement of 1765 Jewish merchant born in New aimed at the repeal of the Brit- dreds of years, the Jews on Pass- York City about 1720, was one ish Stamp Act. over feared the outbreaks of po- groms during Passover by the repetition of the ritual murder charge. The philosopher Solomon Maimon tells how in his youth, on Passover, the dead body of Never in th...…
…Increase in Queries Reported By Jewish Information Bureau I Hadassah Bond Chairman Studies Negev Projects Alighieri Dante, the Italian translations of the classic were poet who made himself famous made into Hebrew at different in the 13th century, is not usu- times; the first one published in ally in the news, but his work Italy in 1869 and three others comes to note when a . Jesuit in more recent years, issued in priest from Baltimore asked...…
…BY HENRY EONARD • 7(1 6E tOilr‘ FOR 1■ 111 N‘f P 11c\ • MAKES All_ C 0 N REG ATOKA it.E 5 Po v455 It 413 Leon Stein Dramatically Retells Tragic Story of Triangle Fire By RABBI SAMUEL J. FOX The flame of the Havdalah candle on Saturday night is doused in the residue of the wine leftover after drinking the cup of Havdalah wine. This custom is practiced so as to demonstrate that the Havda- lah candle was not an ordinary flame lit for munda...…
…441 Israel Bonds Tribute to Truman Moslems End Month's Fasting By DAVID SCHWARTZ (Copyright, 1962, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc-) CI) oz o. a7; et Er) z CC t w F-• O iYr Fo ti4 Caa 1:0 Former President Harry S. Truman was honored recently at an Israel Bond dinner in St. Louis for his historic role in the establishment and development of the State of Israel. Shown at the dinner, which was attended by more than 1,200 persons,...…
…0.16ww. ••••• •••••• ■■ •••• 13 — DETROIT FRIENDS OF YESHIVA UNIVERSITY _ HONORING DAVID GOLDBERG WEDNESDAY, JUNE 6, 1962 COBO HALL, DETROIT THE DETROIT J EWISH N EWS — F riday , April 27 , 1962 FIFTH ANNUAL DINNER Guest Speaker: SUPREME COURT - JUSTICE WILLIAM 0. DOUGLAS DETROIT FRIENDS OF YESHIVA UNIVERSITY Nal Honorary Chairmen HON. PATRICK V. McNAMARA FRANK ANGELO HARVEY PATTON TOM BORMAN PHILIP SLOMOVITZ MAX M. FISHER HON. ...…
…Dingell Honors Shaarey Zedek's 100th Birthday SERVICES SYNAGOGUE Beth Shalom PTO Has `Evening of Israel Art' . YOU MAY NOW VISIT ISRAEL VIA THE SOVIET UNION "An Evening of Israeli Art," will be sponsored by the Cong. Beth Shalom Parent - Teacher Organization at 8 p.m. Monday. Israeli dances will be pre- In a statement incorporated Sabbath services at 7:10 p.m. sented by the Bat Mitzvah class. in the Congressional Record on NORTHWEST YOUN...…
…Israel's ZOA House Marks Gottheil's Birth TEL AVIV, (JTA) — The 100th annivresary of the birth of Prof. Richard H. Gottheil, prominent Orientalist and first president of the American. Feder- ation of Zionists, which hater be- came the Zionist Organizkion of America. was celebrated at ZOA House here. A portrait of Prof. Gottheil was unveiled in the lob- by of ZOA House. Dr. Gottheil died in New York City in 1936. Everyman By HARRY MAXMAN Fl...…
…• ,• Bonds Aid Building of Schools Weekly Quiz Czech Jews Well Provided with Matzoh BY RABBI SAMUEL J. FOX highest form of physical and TEL AVIV, (JTA) — Jews in (Copyright, 1115, spiritual freedom. Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.) Czechoslovakia were provided s • the of What is the origin with all the matzoh they needed Why are there six Psalms Jewish observance of the Sab- this Passover, it was reported by at the beginning of the Fri- Ra...…
…( Rabbi Melvin Goodman, ad- ministrative officer of the He- brew Theological College of Chi- cago, will meet with Detroit Jewish leaders during the week of April 30 to discuss the prog- ress of the new Jewish Uni- versity of America, with which the college is affiliated. He will tell of the opening of the Rose Cohen College for Women, scheduled for Oct. 1, and of the expansion of the Liberal Arts College of the university, which is now locate...…
…Fr iday, April 27, 1962 — 1 $ THE DETRO IT JE WIS H NEWS Barry Kriger's Jewish Theme Wins Silverberg-Smokler First Prize in U-M Hopwood Contest Rites Solemnized Brandeis University Women Will Hold 'New Books for Old Sale' The Detroit Chapter of Bran- the Detroit Chapter will take The 1962 first prize, in the inheritance. since "the semi- deis National Women's Com- place 10 a.m. May 16, at the annual University of Michigan allegiance to Jud...…
…Women's acts' < 77 LOUISE WISE CHAPTER, American Jewish Congress, will meet 12:30 p.m. Monday at the home of Mrs. Lee Rush, 13321 Winchester, Huntington Woods, to hear convention reports from delegates Mesdames Jack Miller, Jack Ross, David Singer and Joseph Greenberg. Dessert luncheon will be served. • * • BETA LAMBA CHAPTER, Phi Sigma Sigma, sorority at Wayne State University, re- cently inducted new pledges. They are Carolle Baskin, Rhoda...…
…• ati O. d.c a. rn l:C "The U.S. and the Common has had leaves of absence for Market" will he the final speech government service and re- of the 1962 Franklin lecture search. series at Wayne State Univer- He has been an economist sity at 8:30 p.m. Monday, in the or economic consultant with a Community Arts Auditorium. variety of government agencies Dr. Lawrence H. Seltzer, pres- including the U.S. Treasury, the sent holder of the Leo M. ...…
…OIT JEWISH NEWS — Friday, April Israel Anniversary Celebration Planned Here for Sunday, May 13 The Detroit community will Mrs. David Novetsky, Irving celebrate Israel's re-emergence I Pokempner, Mrs. Moe Saslove, as a sovereign state at a festive Mrs. David J. Schachter, Mrs. program marking the city-wide Carl Schiller, Irving W. Schlus- 14th anniversary celebration of sel Harry Schumer, Shermah Israel's independence will be Shapiro, Sidney ...…
…• Bnai Brith Slates Holtzman-Cherrin Engagement Told 3-Day Institute on Judaism `Nuremberg' Film Now at Mercury • • . . ' • • Joel Cohen Receives National Science Award Joel Mitchell Cohen, 14897 I Cohen recently received a Greenfield, was recently selected ; letter from Michigan Congress- to receive the National Science 1 woman Martha W. Griffiths ex- Foundation's summer fellowship I tending "most sincere congratu- for graduate tea...…
…T HE DETROIT JE WISH NEWS — Friday, April 27, 1962 — 24 - Honor Berlin's 50th Birthday Marshidl Lodge, BB Co-Sponsors, Mark Israel Anniversary May 6; Lou Mason to Be the Guest Star Prominent Detroit leaders Lou Mason, "America's one- appeared before audience from joined last Friday in honoring a co-worker in many causes — man laugh show," will head the coast to coast. Sam Levenson said: "Lou Sidney J. Bertin — on the oc- entertainment prog...…
…• 1,4rwIral. • • • • relief for • • • • tender feet... • • Golden Griddle Cuts • • • • "PAULA" : • Menu Prices in Half • for 3-Day Celebration ti • . by Hack! •• • • • sary Celebrating its first anniver- Tuesday through Thurs- • • o day, the Golden Griddle Pan- • • •• cake House is offering every • • • item on its menu at half-price • • during these three days. - • • :I Located at 3017 N. Wood- • • • ward, near Thirteen Mile, Roy- : al Oak, ...…
…JE W ISH • NEW S — Friday, April 27 DonorLuncheonPlannedbyWomen of Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity In charge of the annual donor luncheon of Detroit Women of Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity are, from left, (seated) Mesdames Edward Meyers; chairman; Gerald Bloom, president; Harold Luria, reservations co-chairman; (standing) Nathan Rubin and Morris Rubin. gifts and reservations co-chairmen; and Simon Harrison, ticket chairman. The affair will be h...…
…activities in Society Sol Selman's 'Pro menade Through Shtetl' Paintings Go on Exhibit , JWV Activities SHARON HALPERN (left) is. student director of the cantata, "A Star in the East," and Patty Parker is chairman of the steering • committee, which is planning the Israel Independence Day Youth Celebration to be held at 2 p.m., May 6, at the Jewish Center. The cantata, high- light of the program, which will include Israeli songs and dances,...…
…Bernstein Honored With Honor Society Membership at U-D • T HE DETRO IT JEW IS H NEWS -- Forty-three years after he had earned his B.S. degree from the University of Detroit, Milton Bernstein was honored Thursday night, in a ceremony at Fox and Hounds Restaurant, MILTON BERNSTEIN by being initiated into Alpha Xi Chapter of Beta Alpha Psi Honor Society of the U. of D. Bernstein, senior partner in the CPA firm of Bernstein, Bernstein and Wil...…
…CHICAGO, (JTA) — N e w Catholic efforts to end anti- Jewish prejudice are underway in the Chicago area following a special meeting on Catholic Jewish relations sponsored by the Chicago Catholic Interracial Council. More than 200 Catholic lead- ers discussed such relations and a panel of four Catholic and Jewish clergymen and lay- men discussed the topic. The session also featured the show- ing of a film on Catholic-Jew- ish relations, "The Cho...…
…Exodus from Singapore By JOSEPH G. SASSOON ! Baghdad and the Middle East . them. Many have made consider- Singapore, founded in 1819, was able fortunes by investing in va- Singapore's Jewish communi -1 at the time making great strides cant land and landed property. r-7 Elias Meyer and Nathan Roads ty center, that once helped to as a port. Today the community main _ are familiar names. transform the island from a fish- Prominent among them wa...…
…With the successful completion population of 50,000. of the Lachish and Adulam The development of these three "rings" of settlements in Israel, "rings" and their hub towns is the Keren Hayesod is now turn- the result of close cooperation ing its attention to the creation between the Government, the of three new "rings": Besor, Jewish Agency and the Keren facing the Gaza Strip in the Kayemet, working with funds Negev; Arad,' in the Dead Sea sup...…
…13-FOR RENT APARTMENTS CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS LAHSER, 19243 NR. 7 MI. RD. New Luxury Liners and display classified ads accepted from re- sponsible firms or individuals by telephone up to noon Wednesday. Rates 10c a word, minimum charges $1.00, or $3.08 per column inch. 1 BED APT. Big living room az bedroom, air cond. heat included. These are the finest available. No children or pets. CALL VErmont 8-9364 10-ROOMS FOR RENT Open Dail...…
…16-A—WANTED TO RENT HOUSES 3-BEDROOM modern home or flat in Northwest section. Call DI 1-0708. Sunday 11 -1. Monday -Fri- day 9 - 5 p.m. Young Executive Wishes to lease 3 bedroom home with 1 1/2 baths in Ook Pork. It may be furnished or unfurnished. Will pay approximately $150 month. Coil: Julian Frank, Broker DI 1-9090 17—HOUSES FOR SALE MENDOTA. 18272 OPEN SUN. 2.5 "OWNERS LOSING" over S3.000. Cust. blt. 3 bed. br. liv. rm. firepl....…
…34 THE DETROIT JEW ISH NEWS — Fr iday, Apr il 27, 1962 — 17—HOUSES FOR SALE MINOR SCHOOL AREA wen kept 3 bedne., 1% bath brk. 17—HOUSES FOR SALE CHARMER IN OAR PARR Ilt . • 't • 1101 ■•■ ••• ■■ • 11, -VAC ASE 10W•41.Ptili Fenster Construction Offers Prestige Homes Gray hr. ranch 3 bedynas, pass. hall, table space ldtell. top coed. screened porch with space for S tables of Duplicate Bridge. Beau- tiful landscaping. Must see. Priced to s...…
…I7 — HOUSES FOR SALE Open 2-5 Sun. 13316 Pembroke no. Schaefer, must be sold Vacant. 3 bed. Col. as ht. car- peted, gar. $595 dn. London — Ades Shalom Syn. MEYERS N. 7 MI. E-Z 'Terms Sr. depict, 5 rms.. perfect cond. gas hi- tat. only MOO. KE 7-6800. Circle Realty Eves. LI 7-3847 DI 1-5805 Golden Realty 1 7 345-47 ROSEL&WN OAK PARK Gorgeous brick 2 flat, 6-5. 3 bedrooms down, 2 up. 2 the baths, modern kitchen, breakfast nook, ne...…
