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July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 1

…$200 July 4-10, 2024 / 28 Sivan- 4 Tamuz 5784 JEWISH NEWS THE DETROIT thejewishnews.com The Frankel Jewish Academy baseball team wins its third straight Catholic League Intersectional 2 Division championship. See page 28 3-Peat! …

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 2

…10 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N M errill Gordon of West Bloomfield recently completed a 700-mile bike ride around Lake Superior over the course of seven days for his 70th birthday. Gordon, a lawyer who has lived in Metro Detroit his whole life, is an avid cyclist. Gordon has been riding for about 25 years, ever since his brother gifted him a bike for his birthday. He started riding and quickly fell in love, successively riding longer d...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 3

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 11 J N difficult, because there’s only one road up there, the Trans-Canada Highway. And although he had to plan for it physically, he didn’t do a lot of special training because he regularly rides long distances anyway. “I get up on a Saturday morning and Susie will have something to do and I’ll say, well, I’ll go ride 50 or 100 miles, ” Gordon said. “I’ll do that without building up to it or planning it, and I really...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 4

…W hen the Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, passed away 30 years ago on the 3rd of Tammuz 5754 — June 12, 1994 — it was unclear what would happen to his legacy and to the institutions he spearheaded across the globe. However, in the past three decades, Chabad has continued to flourish in Michigan and beyond. Chabad in Michigan, which was launched in 1958 when Rabbi Berel and Batsheva Shemtov were sent by the Rebbe to repres...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 5

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 13 J N OUR COMMUNITY WIKIMEDIA The Rebbe’s charge in Michigan has led to fleets of welcoming Shabbat dinners and weekly services, preschools and day schools and traveling sukkah mobiles, intergenerational programs for the elderly, work on college campuses and in prisons, Friendship Circle, The Shul, adult education programs and Torah study, Shemtov says. Royal Oak’s Purim event this year drew 500, while over 3,000...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 6

…continued from page 13 14 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N can’t make it to this book club or this event, they’re going to reach out, they’re going to call you, they’re going to make you feel like you’re part of something bigger, and it always feels nice. ” Howard Schwartz of White Lake Township was introduced to Chabad some three decades ago when he represented Chabad Lubavitch of Michigan in a local real estate transaction and became close w...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 7

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 15 J N Teens meet at the Chabad House in Novi. Cpt. Simon G. Levy and Rachel Fine affix a mezuzah to MIBA in Detroit, one of nearly 1,000 Chabad helped place statewide after Oct. 7. Children at the mitzvah house at Chabad’s Great Jewish Family Festival Moms create gifts to support our college kids on campus after Oct 7. Rabbi Laibel Shemtov helps a visitor to Traverse City lay tefillin. • The Shul - Chabad Lub...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 8

…16 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N it’s that the Rebbe’s guiding us through his lessons and his teach- ings. ” Grossbaum’s spent time in India helping smaller commu- nities of Israelis get kosher food and celebrate Shabbat, been to the remote jungles of Jamaica meeting area Jews, and he and his wife spent the winter running the Chabad house in St. Thomas, he recounts. “The Rebbe’s whole idea was that you should reach out to each and every Jew...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 9

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 17 J N Bloomfield has been involved with Chabad for the past two decades, ever since he was looking for somewhere to say Kaddish for his mother on her yahrzeit. He met his wife, Sarah, while both were volunteering at Friendship Circle, and was even involved with helping pur- chase the building for Chabad of Greater Downtown’s opera- tions, as he’s a commercial real estate broker. He helped start and run Menorah in t...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 10

…18 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N OUR COMMUNITY continued from page 17 and so the best thing I’ve been doing is helping other students find Chabad so they can feel that way and find the Jewish community. ” Back in Michigan after an Anti-Defamation League (ADL) trip with MSU to New York that stopped at the Ohel, the Rebbe’s gravesite, she says she now feels like she has a deeper under- standing of the Rebbe and his teachings. “I think the ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 11

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 19 Creating the best plan for senior living is an art. That’s why Rose Senior Living Farmington Hills is here to help. Join us, along with Painting with a Twist, for a relaxing Paint and Sip event where you can unwind, connect with others, and brush up on senior living options for your loved one. You’ll enjoy: • Wine and appetizers • Guided painting instruction (We’ll all create a masterpiece together!) • An informati...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 12

…Beauty Event Summer Ask about our Summer Savings Specials July 15 & 16 Southfield: 248-353-0818 July 16 & 17 Warren: 586-759-5525 July 18 & 19 Livonia: 734-464-8400 Save 15% on Proscriptix® Products Cannot be combined with other offers. Must be redeemed at location purchased. Sculptra® 3 vials & 1 syringe of Restylane Kysse $2400 (Save $650) Restylane® Lyft 2 syringes & Contour 1 syringe $1625 (Save $325) Restylane® Kysse 1 syringe...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 13

…20 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N O n Aug. 4, Pickleball for Friendship will return for its second year running. The pickleball fundraiser, which will be held at The Sports Club of West Bloomfield, will raise funds to support Friendship Circle, a Jewish non- profit organization that offers programming and services for individuals with special needs. Event organizer and longtime Friendship Circle volunteer Jennifer Lovy raised $17,000 at la...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 14

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 21 J N pickleball players are welcome to register, so you don’t have to be a pro to join in on the excitement. “The event is a ton of fun, ” Lovy says. “The celebrity players are so approachable and love interacting with players of all levels. ” Spectators can also enjoy pastries and coffee, while everyone who attends will receive a Pickleball for Friendship T-shirt. “We are excited at Friendship Circle about the...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 15

…22 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N T he Rochester Hills splash pad shooting on June 15 was a shock to the community. In total, nine people were injured in the shooting, leaving three in criti- cal condition. Those affected were simply hoping to enjoy that warm Saturday with their loved ones. Now, many of the victims need help, and an overwhelming number of good people are stepping up to do just that. One of the victim families, the Bebout ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 16

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 23 SPOTLIGHT At its May board meeting, The Jewish Fund approved $1.2 million in new and continuation grants to support a range of initiatives to address the health and well-being of vulnerable and at-risk residents of Metropolitan Detroit. Included are grants to several organizations seeking to support Metro Detroiters through pro- active health and well-being services. These grants include the following: • A on...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 17

…24 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N I t’s not a pleasant prospect, but each of us will eventually die. For family mem- bers, the death of a loved one brings sadness and a sense of loss but also a need to deal with practical matters. These include arrangements for a funeral or memorial service, burial and shivahs — decisions that must be made immediately. Sometimes the person who dies has told surviving family members or friends their preferenc...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 18

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 25 J N J oin the JCC of Greater Ann Arbor for its ninth Annual Golf Outing “Fore the Kids” on Monday, Aug. 12, at Polo Fields Ann Arbor, honoring Sharon and Chuck Newman, and help raise scholarship funds for the JCC of Greater Ann Arbor’s camp, youth, early childhood and JCC Maccabi programs. Sharon and Chuck Newman have been active participants in Jewish and community life for most of their adult lives. Shar...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 19

…26 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N faces&places F rankel Jewish Academy hosted its annual Gala on May 16, 2024. More than 200 people gathered to honor FJA alumni serving in the IDF, FJA IDF veterans, and to recognize distinguished faculty honoree Leroy Zagata. It was a meaningful evening, celebrating the incredible alumni who volunteered to protect the State of Israel and the Jewish people. The event raised significant funds for the organizatio...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 20

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 27 J N F amilies, friends and supporters of Lamplighters Preschool (a branch of Royal Oak Chabad) gathered at The Norwood in Detroit for the second annual Lamplighters Art Auction to celebrate the creativity and artwork of their children. At Lamplighters, students explore Jewish traditions through child-led learning in the city’s only Reggio-Emilia- inspired Jewish preschool, and express their creativity throu...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 21

…28 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N T he Frankel Jewish Academy baseball team won the Catholic League Intersectional 2 Division championship this spring while riding in a bus. But that didn’t matter to the Jaguars. “We’ll take a champion- ship any way we can get it. We’re not complaining. Another banner is going up in the gym,” said senior first baseman Harry Shaevsky. “But we were disap- pointed, too,” Shaevsky said. “We preferred to win ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 22

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 29 program, including the last four as coach. Bernstein’s teams won the Intersectional 2 title in his final two years as coach, ending a 16-year drought. At age 21, Swanson was undoubtedly one of the youngest high school coaches in any sport in the state. He played baseball and soccer and bowled for Bloomfield Hills High School before he graduated in 2021. Then he played soccer for a year at Concordia Universit...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 23

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 3 J N contents PURELY COMMENTARY 4-8 Essays and viewpoints. OUR COMMUNITY 10 700 miles in 7 Days For his 70th birthday, Merrill Gordon embarked on his longest-ever bike ride in consecutive days. 12 The Rebbe’s Legacy Lives On The Chabad movement marks the Rebbe’s 30th yahrzeit with continued growth in Michigan and beyond. 20 Pickleball for a Good Cause Second-annual Pickleball for Friendsh...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 24

…30 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N Cafe Prince M ake it a “Great Morning” by enjoying a cup of Cafe Prince’s fresh mint and chamomile tea. Or order up “Brain Energy, ” a homemade chai latte; bright green “Organic Matcha, ” with cucumber; “Cacao, ” topped with maple- whipped cream or fresh-squeezed orange juice. If you prefer coffee, the cafe has you covered with hot drip, cold brew and espresso varieties. The nutritious eating style of...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 25

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 31 J N Chinese at Tel Aviv University and practiced Spanish with his paternal grandmother from Buenos Aires, Argentina. He also lays claim to a paternal grandfather born in Vienna, Austria; a maternal grandfa- ther from Aleppo, Syria, and a maternal grandmother whose family lived eight generations in the Old City of Jerusalem. Only his maternal grandparents are still living. Additionally, Kauf is a music lover who ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 26

…32 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N W ith no holiday in the immediate vicinity, I am focus- ing on foods for Shabbat. This year, the JN has been featuring the Shabbat observance of local households. We’ve seen the diversity of how people celebrate as well as what drives them to make it a part of their lives. Focusing on Shabbat dinner, I will say that I personally love everything about it. I love the idea of ending a hectic week and joi...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 27

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 33 J N the salami to a pot and whisk over medium heat until jam is melted, and mix- ture begins to boil and thick- en. Remove the wrapper from the salami and place the salami on a cutting board with chopsticks on either side. Holding the sala- mi with one hand, slice thin, even slices in the salami. The chopsticks will ensure that you slice most, but not all, of the way through. Generously brush the salami with the ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 28

…34 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N MAZEL TOV! June 13, 2024 Erin and Brandon Fishman of Ferndale are thrilled to share the arrival of their twin sons, Lev Orrin and Sonny Beau. Delighted grandparents are Sue and Graham Fishman of West Bloomfield, and Julie and Chris Skotzke of Troy. Great-grandmothers are Eileen Abel of Farmington Hills and Nancy Frawley of Troy. Lev and Sonny are named in loving memory of Gordan (Gedahlia) Abel and Nat (Naftal...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 29

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 35 J N Becoming Holy W here did Korach err in his rebellion against Moses and Aaron? On the surface, his argu- ment appears to be logical and just: “You [Moses and Aaron] have gone too far. The entire congregation is holy, and God is in their midst. So why do you raise yourselves above God’s assembly?” Indeed, did not the Torah com- mand the nation, “You shall be holy” (Lev. 19:2)? According to Korach, if, in fact...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 30

…W hen we read the story of Korach, our attention tends to be focused on the rebels. We don’t give as much reflection as we might to the response of Moses. Was it right? Was it wrong? It’s a complex story. As Ramban explains, it is no accident that the Korach rebellion happened in the aftermath of the story of the spies. So long as the people expected to enter the Promised Land, they stood to lose more than gain by challeng...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 31

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 37 time he challenged Him to perform a miracle. God does as Moses asks. Naturally we expect that this will end the rebellion: God had sent an unmistakable sign that Moses was right, the rebels wrong. But it doesn’t. Far from ending the rebellion, it made it worse: The next day the whole Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron. “You have killed the Lord’s people,” they said. (Num. 17:6) The people gat...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 32

…Synagogue Directory METRO DETROIT CONSERVATIVE Adat Shalom Synagogue Farmington Hills (248) 851-5100 adatshalom.org Congregation Beth Ahm West Bloomfield (248) 851-6880 cbahm.org Congregation Beth Shalom Oak Park (248) 547-7970 congbethshalom.org Beth Tephilath Moses Mt. Clemens (586) 996-3138 bethtephilathmoses.com B’nai Israel Synagogue West Bloomfield (248) 432-2729 bnaiisraelwb.org Congregation B’nai Moshe West Blo...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 33

…Temple Emanu-El Oak Park (248) 967-4020 emanuel-mich.org Temple Israel West Bloomfield (248) 661-5700 temple-israel.org Temple Kol Ami West Bloomfield (248) 661-0040, tkolami.org Temple Shir Shalom West Bloomfield (248) 737-8700 shirshalom.org REFORM/RENEWAL Congregation Shir Tikvah Troy (248) 649-4418 shirtikvah.org SECULAR/HUMANISTIC Congregation for Humanistic Judaism of Metro Detroit Farmington Hills (248) 477-1410 ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 34

…4 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N essay Reflections on the Rebbe I met the Rebbe face-to-face on Jan. 28, 1980. At that time, I was the new 29-year- old campaign director at the Milwaukee Jewish Federation. I remember it was a Monday morning. A man named Marty Stein, our cam- paign chairman at the time, marched into my office and said, “Drop what you are doing. We’re flying to New York. You will not need a toothbrush. ” Marty had a forc...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 35

…ARTS&LIFE BOOK REVIEW L ike most young men in the United States in 1971, I spent a lot of time thinking about “the Draft. ” Although it was beginning to wind down, the war in Vietnam was still raging, still consuming the lives of Americans in the armed forces. I and my cohorts still faced the draft but, by this time, it was obvi- ous to most that this conflict was a losing proposition, unwinnable and unwanted. There appeared to be ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 36

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 41 continued on page 42 a writer of books, short stories and arti- cles, including the award-winning Leo’s Dilemma. Hell, No, We Didn’t Go is based upon oral history interviews Greenbaum con- ducted with like-minded friends, asso- ciates and others, all people who resisted the draft. Although he makes it clear that he is not a scholar of the Vietnam War, Greenbaum does provide a solid historical context for the war and,...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 37

…42 | JULY 4 • 2024 the lower-economic classes. The draft has often been cited as a “leveler;” that is, enlistees will come from all socio-economic classes. What is your reaction to this theory? EG: The draft fed you into the military, which was the leveler or melting pot, if you will. Once in the service everyone was theoretically equal. No matter one’s color, creed or background, it came down to conforming to military standards, ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 38

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 43 J N 40 YEARS OF BEVERLY HILLS COP; RASHIDA JONES & HER ROBOT PAL; THE OTHER PALTROW'S MOVIE; WEINSTEIN, OLYMPICS BOUND! On July 3, Netflix began streaming Beverly Hills Cop: Axel F. It is the fourth film in the Beverly Hills Cop (BHC) feature film series. Here’s the premise: Axel Foley (Eddie Murphy), a Detroit police officer, returns to Beverly Hills after his daughter Jane's life is threat- ened. She and Axe...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 39

…44 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N PATRIOTIC BBQ 5:30-8 PM, JULY 5 (FRI.) At Congregation Shaarey Zedek in Southfield. All ages are welcome to enjoy delicious, traditional sum- mer BBQ and a spirited Shabbat evening, 5:30 pm Tot Shabbat in the chap- el; 6 pm BBQ under the tent; 7 pm musical service. Members $15; Not-yet- members $20; Children (5-12) $5, (0-4) free. COMMUNITY DINNER 6-8 PM, JULY 5 (FRI.) At Isaac Agree Downtown Synagogue on...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 40

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 45 J N T here are two fairly common sayings that came to mind: “Live for today” and “Nothing is certain except death and taxes.” The former is good advice though sometimes challenging to follow; the latter is disproved, in part, by some folks if we are to judge by items in the news. (They are great at avoiding paying taxes but not the Grim Reaper.) Most of us are not able to avoid live and dead if we are t...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 41

…Efraim Harari Check out our site: www.thejewishworldofwonderskidsmagazine.com Exploring thE Wild World of AnimAls is prEsEntEd By: The Flamingo The flamingo has a very distinctive way of feeding – it eats upside down! When feeding, the flamingo thrusts its head into the water in an upside-down position. This helps the flamingo scoop up beak-fulls of mud with its bill. Then the bird filters out the mud and water through the comb-lik...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 42

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 47 DOG OF THE WEEK M eet our beautiful girl, Sarah. She is a 2-year-old, spayed Wired Hair Terrier weighing in around 40 pounds. Sarah is a very sweet girl who needs a patient, calm and loving home. She is an amazing girl with so much potential. She was extremely scared when she arrived in Michigan. She warmed up quickly to her foster parents and seemed to need the foster dogs in the home to teach her the routine. S...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 43

…248-855-0437 Cell: 248-912-2292 License # 7118488 Maintenance, Installation, Repair & Hot Water Heaters Ajmendelson1@gmail.com FAMILY OWNED SINCE 1973 $65 SERVICE FEE 24/7 Emergency Service Aaron Mendelson Heating and Cooling, LLC. Call Home Helpers today for additional info at 734.437.8462 or visit our website at HomeHelpersHomeCare.com/farmington-mi Home Care Our Program covers every need. Rate are affordable and negot...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 44

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 49 J N DR. BRUCE E. FOGEL, 76, of Farmington Hills, died June 20, 2024. He is survived by his beloved wife, Marcia Fogel; daughters and son-in- law, Jennifer Fogel, Samantha and Adam Mendelsohn; brother and sister-in-law, Dennis and Cheryl Fogel; many other loving family members and friends. Bruce was the brother of the late Mark Fogel and the late Ronna Leonard. Interment was held at Adat Shalom Memorial Park...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 45

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 5 J N JOIN US! TUESDAY, JULY 23RD 12:00-2:00PM LONGACRE HOUSE 24705 FARMINGTON ROAD FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48336 RSVP by Wednesday, July 17th by calling (248) 850-1351. You’re invited to a special lunch and learn event with Rose Senior Living Farmington Hills, a brand-new senior living community in your neighborhood. Learn about Rose Senior Living and the benefi ts of joining our Founders Club! 28800 West Eleven ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 46

…OBITUARIES OF BLESSED MEMORY 50 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N lifelong English teacher, who rose through the ranks to become a dean of Davenport University. She collected Eskimo art, started jogging when she was 40 and continued her daily quest for 10,000 steps well into her middle 80s. Her golf swing was “distinctive;” and on sunny days, when she wasn’t walking or golfing, she could be found gardening in Huntington Woods, her home for ...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 47

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 51 J N EVIE LICHTER, 76, of Longboat Key, Fla., died June 25, 2024. She is survived by her husband of 35 years, Allen Lichter; sister and brother-in-law, Sue Ellen Simon and Arthur Berlin; brother and sister-in- law, Elwood and Carol Simon; sister-in-law and brother-in- law, Carolyn and Paul Lichter; nephews and nieces, Joshua and Katie Broder, Emily Broder, Meredith and Mark Weil, Evan Simon, and Laurie Lichter...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 48

…52 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N Inwood, W. Va., Lawrence and Lisa Ring of Canton; daughters and sons-in-law, Debra Ring of Wixom, Lisa and Kevin Taylor of West Bloomfield, Sharon and Frank Zimmerman of Redford; brother, Walter Levine; grandchildren, Kristina Ring, Rachael Ring, Benjamin Sussman, Joshua Sussman, Moselle Sussman, Sarah Liron Sussman, Gabriella Ring, Phillip Ring, Jacob Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Ari Taylor, Sabrina Zimmerman...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 49

…JULY 4 • 2024 | 53 OBITUARY CHARGES The processing fee for obituaries is: $125 for up to 100 words; $1 per word thereafter. A photo counts as 15 words. There is no charge for a Holocaust survivor icon. The JN reserves the right to edit wording to conform to its style considerations. For information, have your funeral director call the JN or you may call Sy Manello, editorial assistant, at (248) 351-5147 or email him at smanello@the...…

July 04, 2024 (vol. 176, iss. 2) • Page Image 50

…54 | JULY 4 • 2024 J N Looking Back From the William Davidson Digital Archive of Jewish Detroit History accessible at thejewishnews.com America’s Independence Day T his week’s JN is published on July 4th, Independence Day, the day to celebrate the birth of the United States of America and what might be called the “Great American Experiment.” Citizens of Great Britain’s 13 colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America declared ...…

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