THE MICHIGAN DAILY
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19
OMAS L. STOKES:
Senator Graham's Defeat
W ASHINGTON - The second successful
penetration of the Truman Fair Deal
frontier in the South - the defeat of Sena-
tor Frank Graham in the North Carolina
run-off primary which followed that, a few
weeks before, of Senator Claude Pepper in
Florida - is naturally of considerable con-
cern to the Truman administration but,
more than that, it is a discouraging setback
for moderate and middle-of-the-road pro-
gressivism in the South.
The latter is of concern to the nation as
a whole. Already, well before the November
elections, two votes that could be depended
upon for social and economic welfare mea-
sures have been eliminated from the Senate
of the next Congress. That is important in
a Senate in which, on such measures, the
balance is generally weighted for the Repub-
lican-Southern-conservative-Democratic co-
alition which has blocked them.
The effect of these defeats, whiph may be
further magnified by subsequent reverses
of a similar nature in the South, will be to
intensify the Truman administration's
campaign elsewhere in the Congressional
elections, in the effort to pick up addition-
al seats to offset such losses in the South,
and to offset votes already counted against
its program from that area. The trend in
the South increases the President's reli-
ance on the combination that was respon-
sible for his 1948 victory - the midwest
farm sections and big cities where labor
exerts much influence.
What has happened thus far in the South
is regrettable both for that section and the
nation, irrespective of party politics, for faT
more than any political party is involved.
TN THE FIRST PLACE, Graham, like Sen-
ator Pepper, was the victim of a campaign
of abuse and misrepresentation. Passions
were stirred up by what is coming to be
known as the "red and black issue," with
wild and baseless charges about sympathy
with Communism and with stirring up of
racial prejudice.
Money was poured into the two states
by interests which are so dead set against
New Dealism and Fair Dealism, that they
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only.
NIGHT EDITOR: NANCY BYLAN
were willing to exploit racial prejudice,
and anything else such as the spurious
Communist issue, for their ends.
Success of this sort of tactics will un-
doubtedly encourage use of the pattern else-
where and, before it is too late, it would be
most salutary for the Senate campaign in-
vestigating committee to get busy and ex-
plore what is going on, as it presumably
intends to do, for the enlightenment of our
people.
* * *
REGRETTABLE, in the second place,
about what is happening in the South,
is that moderate progressives, of which
Graham was a fine and capable example,
had been spreading in that section. This was
not only hopeful and helpful to the South,
but had its influence on national legislation
affecting people all over the country.
Graham brought to national affairs a
broad viewpoint and experience, gained
as president of the University of North
Carolina and in numerous services for
our government to which he was called.
His defeat is a real loss, both because of
his own contribution and because of what
the North Carolina campaign revealed as
to the extent to which certain interests
will go to defeat exponents of his philoso-
phy of government.
It encourages what might ge called the
"Dixiecrat spirit" in the South. This will
be bolstered further if Governor J. Strom
Thurmond, the States Rights Party candi-
date for President in 1948, wins the Senate
seat in South Carolina, now held by Senator
Olin D. Johnston, which would provide a
symbol on the national'stage.
* * *
IN THE FACE OF SETBACKS on the
Southern frontier, President Truman ex-
hibits no overtures of appeasement, but
rather the contrary, such as his recent point-
ed snub of Governor Thurmond and his 1948
States Rights running mate, Governor Field-
ing Wright of Mississippi, whom the Presi-
dent did not invite to a recent luncheon here
for Democratic governors with the blunt ex-
planation that he only invited "Democrats."
To a degree, this rigid attitude of the
President may have been a factor in solid-
ifying his opposition in the South but, on
the other hand, it may help him in other
parts of the country upon which he now
must depend, since he his divorced himself
from the Dixiecrat element so completely.
(Copyright, 1950, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
ON THE
Washington Merry-Go-Round
WITH DREW PEARSON
On Education
The Ideal
WHAT IS IMPORTANT is the spirit of ad-
venture and liberty, the sense of setting
out upon a voyage of discovery. If formal
education is given in this spirit, all the more
intelligent pupils will supplement it by their
own efforts, for which every opportunity
should be provided.
Knowledge is the liberator from the em-
pire of natural forces and destructive pas-
sions; without knowledge, the world of
our hopes cannot be built.
A generation educated in fearless freedom
will have wider and bolder hopes than ar
possible to us, who still have to struggle with
the superstitious fears that lie in wait for us
below the level of consciousness. Not we,
but the free men and women whom we shall
create, must see the new world, first in their
hopes, and then at last in the full splendor
of reality.
--Bertrand Russell
Academic Freedom
THE VERY REV. Hunter Guthrie, S.J.,
president of Georgetown University, deliv-
ered a most challenging commencement ad-
dress on Monday. He must have anticipated,
therefore, that it would be challenged al
though the challenging of authority-which
in Father Guthrie's lexicon aPpears to be
synonymous with truth-is what he als
"the sacrec fetish of academic freedom."
This fetish, he says, "is the soft under-belly
of our American way of life, and the sooner
it is armor-plated by some sensible limita.
tion the sooner will the future of this Natio1
be secured from fatal consequences."
One can scarcely take exception to this,
save, prehaps, to ask what constitutes a sen-
sible limitation. "The true and the good,"
says Father Guthrie, "are the natural limi-
tations of freedom. This is not an area for
opinion because opinion does not delineate,
for by its very nature it packages the false
with the true. Nor is this a matter for experi-
mentation because the prudent man des not
experiment with suicide."
All that remains, then, is to determine
what is the true and the good. Father
Guthrie must be aware that there are hon-
est, if mistaken, differences of opinion in
this area. History suggests that these dif-
ferences cannot be resolved by dogma. It
is now widely acknowledged that the earth
revolves about the sun, although in 1616
the ideas of Copernicus were denounced as
dangerous to faith, and Galileo, summoned
to Rome and tried by the Inquisition for
teaching these ideas, was forced to abjure
them. The theory of genetics preached re-
cently in Moscow by Trofim Lysenko may
have merit; but something more than the
establishment of it as the true and the
good by the Politburo will be necessary
before it can win the acceptance of free
minds.
Father Guthrie speaks of the true tradi-
tion of. academic freedom as "a tradition
that freedom springs from truth, but that
truth is rarely freedom's offspring." We
do not see how truth can be sired except
by freedom-that is, by the tolerance o
diversity and even of error. And we should
think that an institution of learning-which
is to say an institution of inquiry and chal-
lenge-can do no better than to adhere to
the ideal set forth by Thomas Jefferson
when he first invited scholars to join ,the
faculty of the Pniversity of Virginia: "This
institution will be based on the illimitable
freedom of the human mind. For here; we
are not afraid to follow truth wherever it
may lead, nor to tolerate error so long- as
reason is left free to combat it."
-The Washington Post
* * *
Specialization
DEAN MELVIN A. CASBERG of the, St.
Louis University School of Medicine
made some significant observations on the
evils of over-specialization in education.
Speaking before an honorary dental frater-
nity, he saidy:
"Scientific education is a serious re-
sponsibility to educator and student alike.
It is a sad commentary on our educa-
tional sense of proportion when we show a
keen pride in the superb scientific per-
formance of a brilliant student, and at the
same time do not blush with shame at his
utter ignorance of social understanding."-
Ths appeal for "social understanding"
need not be limited to students of dentistry,
medicine and other scientific fields. It is
something to be put before all young people
from grade school to college whose interest
in the relationship of education to their
careers is strong at this time of year.
Should the eighth grade graduate of 1954
go directly to a trade school simply becaus
he has made up his mind that he will be an
artisan in one field or another? Or shoulkd
he spend four years in high school-some
time in college perhaps-broadening his ac-
quaintance with history, civics, English an
the like?
The high school graduate of 1950 may be
pondering the choice between an immediate
plunge into his chosen career and four years
of colleke. Or the student already in college
may be wondering whether to stick to hip
professional specialty or take a generous
sampling of the general courses that develop
"social understanding."
Dr. Casberg's answer is that education
should do more than prepare one for com-
et TO THE EDITOR
general interest, ad willcpubi shn all letterswh ihsare signedby the writer
libelous letters, asdteters which forany esrn are notin goodtastte will
be ton densed fedited or withheld from pub cation at the discretion of the
editor..s.-
"Anylody Buying Our Line?"
A
Ism
INTERPRETING THE NEW'S:
Korea & the Russians
By J. M. ROBERTS, JR.
AP Foreign Affairs Analyst
OVIET RUSSIA, sometime advocate of peace, has refused to lend
its good offices to end the Korean warfare and the United States has
countered with a decision to do so by the use of all necessary force-
ground troops and the bombing of Northern military objectives in ad-
dition to the aid announced on Tuesday.
The United States first moved into the Korean situation in the
belief that its entire position as leader of the world's anti-Communist
forces would be threatened by any display of weakness. And that the
whole future of the United Nations would be equally threatened by
failure- to 'protect the South Korean government which it has spon-
sred.
* * *
*
I.
'Widespread Dames' ...
To the Editor:
THE INFORMATION divulged in
paragraph 4 of the main arti-
cle in column 7 of Friday's Daily
has caused me no end of contem-
plation. Here, indeed, is a deadly
secret weapon, so horrible that
Uncle Joe may come back into
the U.N. just so he can use it as
an excuse to walk out again. De-
nunciations against Wall Street
are probably even now being pre-
pared by the Daily Worker. I can
see the headline : "Filthy War-
mongers Turn Vengeance on Red
Women," or "Hip Lines Increasing
in Korea."
What Pravda and the Daily
Worker scream however doesn't
bother me as much as the details
of the new weapon. My army ex-
perience gives me absolutely no
clue as to how these results are
brought about. Undoubtedly atom-
ic attack might affect the next
generation, but how is this der-
riere expansion brought about in-
stantly? I furthermore am slight-
ly puzzled as to the military ad-
vantage we sought. Perhaps the
entire effort was merely to demor-
alize the males of the North Kor-
ean armed forces. I shall be most
interested to follow up this story.
I might add that from my obser-
vations after 7 years in Ann Arbor,
Uncle Joe might have alread y
used this most dastardly of wea-
pons against us.
-Fred Brafman
NOW THAT IT BECOMES EVIDENT that North Korean tanks can-
not be stopped by the South Korean Army, and with the American
air support hampered by bad weather which promises to get worse
as the rainy season progresses, the U.S. makes it clear that, having set
its hand to the plow, it has no intention of turning back, that South
Korea is to be held and the Northern forces driven from the areas
which they have occupied.
This may be more difficult than one might think when com-
paring the force of the United States with that of the less pro-
ductive, less populous half of Korea. But it may be recalled that
the British have been fighting Communist guerrillas in Malaya
for two years now, and that a recently intensified drive enlsting
a major portion of Malayan manpower was unsuccessful.
The U.S. evidently feels that it can stop Northern Korean pene-
tration, but to throw the Northerners out, once the campaign deteri-
oratesinto guerrilla warfare as seems probable, may be a different
matter.
IT WAS OBVIOUS from the beginning that U.S. policy would have
to be extended to more or less unlimited warfare, although it does
not yet involve strategic bombings of cities. Korean fighters could not
be permitted to use unmolested Northern air fields from which to at-
tack American planes, so bombing north of the demarcation line was
called for.
The use of a naval blockade against North K'orea doesn't mean
much, but the stoppage of "leap-frogging" operations along the
coast does. General MacArthur knows all about that, from the ef-
fectiveness of the amphibious forces he developed himself for the
purpose against the Japanese in New Guinea.
A very important tactical matter in the campaign is probably being
decided as this is written. The Communists are near Suwon, American'
command point which has the only air strip in the neighborhood cap-
able of handling the big supply planes supporting the Korean front.
Its loss could be very troublesome.
* * * *
RUSSIA'S REFUSAL to try to stop the fighting is no surprise, of
course. Nor is her excuse, that she doesn't believe in interfering in
the affairs of other nations. (She merely takes them over to help
them to a better way of life.) But she continues to show no sign of di-
rect intervention, heightening the hope that the Allied operation can
continue in a role of pacification, and that President Truman can
continue to have grounds for saying that the U.S. is not actually "at
war".
4'
'A
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
L
WASHINGTON-Simultaneously with the
Korean crisis two top British defense
experts arrived here for talks with Defense
Secretary Louis Johnson. The fact that they
came as the Korean crisis broke was an
accident, but nevertheless it was significant
that, simultaneously, Peter Geoffrey Roberts,
Conservative member of Parliament, urged
use of the atomic bomb against North Korea.
For it is to discuss British use of the
atomic bomb that the two experts were
ordered to Washington.
They are: Air Marshal Sir Ralph Cochran,
Vice Chief Marshal of the Royal Air Force,
and Dr. Richard Cochran, an atomic scien-
tist.
The two men were sent on direct orders
of Prime Minister Attlee, following a meet-
ing of the British cabinet, to discuss future
use of the atomic bomb by Britain.
What they propose is:
1-That the United States stockpile a
certain number of baby A-bombs in the
Azores in mid-Atlantic immediately. Attlee
wants this done for the purpose of streng-
thening European defenses.
2-Should war break, Attlee also wants it
understood that British bombers shall have
the right to drop A-bombs. He is quite con-
tent to leave atomic bombs in American
hands up until a war breaks, but after that,
he wants British bombers to participate.
So far the United States has made no
commitments one way or the other.
CONFLICTING STORIES
PARTIALLY CONFLICTING stories as to
why we were caught off base in Korea
were given the Senate Appropriations Com-
mittee this week.
Secretaries Acheson and Johnson ad-
mitted we had been caught napping, but
Adm. Roscoe Hillenkoetter, chief of the
Central Intelligence Agency read two re-
ports to the senators, one dated as June
20, showing that his intelligence agents
had given a general warning.
When Acheson and Johnson appeared be-
fore the Senate Committee in a secret ses-
sion, Ferguson of Michigan asked both point
blank whether they had received any word
of the impending attack. Both said they had
not.
Both men told the Senators they knew
that the North Korean border was' restive,
but said the actual invasion had taken
them completely by surprise.
"Why wasn't Central Intelligence on the
job?" Senator Bridges, New Hampshire Re-
publican, broke in.
Secretary Johnson shrugged his shoulders.
in detail of increasing border incidents,
including a concentration of 65,000 to 75,-
000 Communist troops. These troops, ac-
cording to report, were well equipped, with
artillery, tanks, guns and ammunition of
the type which the Japanese Army sur-
rendered to Russia. There were also a
total of 195 planes, all late Russian models.
When questioned by senators Admiral Hil-
lenkoetter admitted he could not forecast
the date of a border invasion. Skirmishes
along the border might have continued
another year, he said, or the invasion might
have come the next day. It was not his job
to evaluate reports, he said, merely to make
them.
* * - *
NO RUSSIANS IN KOREAN ATTACK
ASKED BY SENATORS whether the Rus-
sians were participating in the North
Korean attack, Admiral Hillenkoetter said
the Russians had a large military training
center on the northern side of the border,
but he had no report of a single Russian
soldier in combat, killed or captured.
"Furthermore," he said, "I don't expect
any."
Senator Knowland of California, great
friend of Chiang Kai-Shek, then asked if
the Russians might next attack Formosa.
"They might strike Formosa as they did
Korea," the admiral replied. "The attack
might come most any time."
* * *
BACKSTAGE WITH THE DIPLOMATS
Just before the Korean crisis, President
Truman discussed with close advisers the
idea of a new peace plan that he would an-
nounce to the UN General Assembly in Sep-
tember ..-.
Despite newspaper headlines, it's not
true that Hungary asked for the return
of the famed Crown of St. Stephen in re-
turn for releasing Robert Vogeler. What
Hungary asked for is that the Voice of
America give up its present wave-length
in broadcasting to Hungary. There was a
prveious mutual agreement between Hun-
gary and the U.S.A. that this wave-length
was to be used, however, and the State
Department isn't going to change it. This
demand, incidentally, was an afterthought
by the Hungarians .. .
Ambassador Lew Douglas has cabled from
London that the British Labor Government
is in no danger of falling because of its op-
position to the Schuman plan for merging
European steel and coal. On the contrary,
British unions apnrove the mvernment's
Publication in The Daily Official
Bulletin is constructive notice to all
members of the University. Notices
for the Bulletin should be sent in
typewritten form to the OfficeAofmthe
Summer Session, Room 3510 Admin-
the day preceding publication (11:00
istration Building, by 3:00 p.m. on
a.m. Saturdays).
SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1950
VOL. LX, No. 4-S
.Notices
Sports Instruction: All students
interested in the instructional
sports classes offered by the Wo-
men's Physical Education Depart-
ment should register for these
,lasses before Saturday noon, July
1, in office 15, Barbour Gymna-
sium. No registrations will be tak-
en after that date.
Attention: Aeronautical and Me-
chanical Engineering Students:
Mr. F. W. Long, of Curtiss-Wright
Propeller- Division, Caldwell, New
Jersey, will interview Aeronautical
and Mechanical engineers; gradu-
ate and bachelor degrees, on
Thursday, July 6, 1950, in Room
1521 East Engineering Bldg. Sign
interview schedule on Aero bulle-
tin board.
Graduate Outing Club: Meet
2:15, Sunday, July 2, Northwest
corner Rackham for swimming,
canoeing, and picnic. Plan for 4th
of July trip. Election of officers.
Tickets for "The Corn Is Green"
and all individual plays presented
this summer by the Department of
Speech will go on sale this morn-
ing at 10 a.m. at the Mendelssohn
Theatre box office. The complete
schedule for the summer drama
series is as follows: July 5-8 "The
Corn Is Green", July 12-15 "Anti-
gone and the Tyrant"; July 19-22,
"The Time of Your Life"; July 27
"The Alchemist" and July 28
"King Lear" (The Oxford Univer-
sity Players), August 2-5, "Hansel
and Gretel"; August 9-12, "The
Great Adventure."
Women's Judiciary Council an-
nounces that the closing hour on
July 3, 1950 for undergraduate
women will be 12:30 a.m. Callers
must leave women's residences by
12:25 a.m. Regular 11:00 p.m. clos-
ing hour will be in effect July 4th.
Holiday Pay Policy: The Regents
at their meeting on June 16 adopt-
ed the following schedule:
1. Hourly Rate Employees
1. Effective July 1, 1950, all per-
China Shop Has
Nothing on Barn
FLINT - (P) - A bull can be
clumsy in a barn, too.
Farmer Glenn Jefferson's knock-
ed down a post. Then he tangled
himself in electric wires, causing
a short. The short touched off a
fire.
Before it was over the barn
burned down, three calves and a
pig perished, considerable machin-
ery and 975 bales of alfalfa were
destroyed. Loss was estimated at
$25,000.
The bull got out unharmed.
manent hourly rated employees
shall be paid for the following
holidays: New Year's Day, Memor-
ial fayy1 ourth of July, Labor
Day, . Thanksgiving Day, and
Christmas, Day, providing they
meet the following eligibility rules:
(a) The employee would otherwise
have been- scheduled to work on
such a day if it had not been ob-
served as a holiday, and (b) The
employee must have worked on the
last scheduled work day prior to,
and the next scheduled work day
after such holiday.
2. When one of the above holi-
days falls within the eligible em-
ployee's approved vacation period
and he is absent from work dur-
ing his regularly scheduled work
week because of such vacation, he
shall be paid for the holiday.
3. Employees eligible under these
provisions for holiday compensa-
tion shall receive pay, at the
straight time hourly rate, for their
scheduled work day.
II. Salaried Employees
All non-academic salaried non-
supervisory clerical, service, tech-
nical and hospital employees shall
receive extra compensation at the
equivalent hourly or daily rate, on
a straight time basis, for time
worked up to a maximum of eight
hours, whenever they are required
to work on any of the designated
holidays; or by mutual agreement
compensatory time off for holiday
work may be granted.
HERBERT G. WATKINS
Secretary
Lectures
the University of Michigan Speech
Clinic, will talk on the subject,
"Speech Correction for Children
with Cleft Palate," at Purdue Uni-
versity on Monday, July 3, 1950.
This lecture is in connection with
(continued on Page 4)
T1
Fifty-Ninth Year
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BARNABY
As long as everybody else is happy
about the new highway, I might give
thought to my own problem.. .Why
shouldn't your Fairy Godfather get
some good out of this deal, too-
What's the
problem, Mr.
O'Malley.-
0
6-30-50
I'm planning a chain of deluxe
hot-dog and hamburger havens
along the new road, m'boy. With
suites of rooms for tourists and
a solarium for tired truck drivers-
Gosh. That will
be something,
Mr. O'Malley!
I cf/
c~mor/
The problem is to find
the right type person
to finance my project.
No money,
huh, Mr.
O'Malley?
l-
I
Oh, I'll heave plenty of offers-
When they hear my plans..
But t can't take just any old
monoy. 1 need a civic-minded
philanthropist who appreciates
the true purpose of this new
highway-To bring ood to all
Oh.C
G L
I
r
To think that this whole highway mess started Who is the man? Couldn't we
because one grasping individual, is asking too oeal to his better nature?-
I I
Barnaby! You're supposed to be up in bed!
I
Ii
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