THE MICHIGAN DAILY
ILY
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Press, 1938-39
Managing Editor
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NIGHT EDI'OR: MALCOLM LONG
he editorials published in The Michigan
ily are written by members of the Daily
iff and represent the views of the
iters only.
STATION STATIC
-from the University Biological Station
By RUTH SCHORLING
DOUGLAS LAKE, July 27.-Black Lake, Stur-
geon Bay, Wilderness State Park, Mackinac
Island . . . this is indeed the season for trips as
Biological Station classes comb the north for
everything from snakes to mosses.
Longest and most exciting expedition of the
session is the Plant Ecologists' over-night trip
to the famous Sleeping Bear Dune. The Sta-
tion's twenty-two luckiest campers left Friday
morning, complete with bed-rolls, meter sticks,
and cameras innumerable. Under the direction
of Dr. F. C. Gates camp was made near the Coast
Guard station, on Sleeping Bear Point. After
several hours of survey work on the nearby
dunes, a few hardy souls such as Mabel Allison,
Janette Dickson, and Katie Behrens braved the
waters of Lake Michigan while "Motty" Mottes-
heard cooled his feet from the sizzling dunes.
Supper . . . under the efficient supervision of
Dorothy Bline, Teter and Weber, chefs extra-
ordinary, fried the steaks, while Dr. Sparrow of
the Botany Department watched dubiously over
the coffee. Marshmallows and music followed,
and the evening ended with "The Farmer in
the Dell" and a Virginia Reel in the sand to- the
tune of Ed Phillips' harmonica.
All too soon came Saturday morning and Dr.
Gates, who narrowly missed being lynched as he
woke the slumberers at five o'clock for an early
breakfast. Then began the ascent of the highest
sand dune in the world . . . and the ecologists
agreed that climbing in sand is like going up
a "down" escalator! But well worth it, as all
agreed when they puffed triumphantly to the
summit and looked down upon Lake Michigan
and lovely Glen Lake where they were soon to
lunch and swim before their return to the
Station.
Bingo was the order of the-evening on Satur-
day night as the Station went rustic at the
Grange Party. "White Elephant" prizes, con-
sisting of everything from mosquito dope to
baby bottles and a valuable antique inner tube,
were presented to the horrified winners, among
whom were Mrs. McMullen, Helen Hay, Frances
Hubbs, Harry Wilcox, and Virginia Barrioz.
Eating ice cream sticks on the Pteris before the
dancing were Hay-Seeds Wade Hooper, Co-
chairmen Bob and Dorothy Campbell, Larry and
Jerry Penner, Dean of Women Odina Olson, Miss
Boys, Frances Wynne, and Lois Steere.
A busy weekend looms ahead . . . Saturday
night brings the first perennial meeting of the
Dissociation for the Retardment of Science to
the Club House; tonight the baseball team battles
with the Cheboygan Merchants; and Sunday a
general exodus transplants the Station to historic
Mackinac Island.
The Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate
Studies was organized as a subdivision of the lit-
erary college in 1892 andas a separate school
in 1912. The present enrollment is about 4,100,
with the faculty drawn from the other schools
and colleges. This school confers master's (A.M.,
M.S.) and doctor's (Ph.D., Sc.D., D.P.H.) degrees
and advanced professional degrees. It main-
tains the Institute for Human Adjustment, In-
stitute of Public and Social Administration (De-
troit and Ann Arbor) and Center for Graduate
Study (Detroit).
The School of Education was organized in
1921, with the first professorship founded in
1879. The annual enrollment is about 2,100, and
the faculty is 30. It offers a two-year course
after two years of college and also a four-year
course in physical education. It operates the
University High School and Elementary School.
Degrees it confers are A.B.Ed. and B.S.Ed.
'Gown & Qown
By STAN M. SWINTON
Bok Perlman, former member of the University
Student Senate and an M graduate, recently
finished a tour of the concentration camps of
Southern France. Bob sent this letter to Ann
Arbor-a striking picture of conditions there.
We've received permission to publish it:
Perpignan, France
March, 1939
DEAR FRIEND,
I hope that you arrived home safely, and that
everything is going well with you. From the bot-
tom of my heart I pray for you and for all who
were able to return home safely. Now you are a
free man, able to work, to sleep in a bed, to walk
in the streets, to smoke, to eat, etc. Whereas we
are still in a sorrowful state: the food is bad,
there is little bread, barbed wire everywhere, no
underclothes, only the things which each one
wore on his arrival. In addition to this, we are
nearly eaten up by vermin.
Many of us are sick. It is cold; the wind
blows roughly; and we always sleep on the sand.
We have no luggage, which explains why we
have no changes of linen. We have neither
papers nor recommendations. There is nothing
to smoke; in a word, the situation is really de-
pressing. You can be glad that you are already
far away. Who knows when we will be able to
leave? No country wants us! And we all have
a fervent desire to be free again; to look for
work; unfortunately we are still behind barbed
wire, guarded by French Mobile Guards, by the
Spahis, and by the Carabiniers Senegalais. If you
you can be thankful for having left here. If you
have the time, we would be very very happy to
receive a few lines from you, from the realm of
golden liberty! Forgive me if I do not stamp
this envelope . . we haven't a sou. Once again,
best wishes from me and from the comrades who
are here. Mit Freiheitgruss
So runs the letter sent to a SwIss comrade by
a former Austrian Mechanic who fought in the
International Brigades of the Spanish Republi-
can army. Today he is confined in a refugee
camp on the French-Spanish frontier, -because
-for reasons easy to understand-it was im-
possible for him to return to Hitler's Austria.
His fate is that of about 200,000 fighters for
liberty who are today confined in concentration
camps in France.
200,000 Refugees
Since the day that France entered Barcelona,
Jan. 26, almost a half million Spaniards have
exiled themselves in France. 'About 200,000 of
these refugees were Republican soldiers; the
rest were civilians; industrial workers and peas-
ants, for the most part demoralized and terrified
by the bombardments, the deaths, the Phalan-
gists, and the fear of having to live under the
iron glove of totalitarianism. There are about
160,000 women and children. The hasty exodus
from Spain of this famished, ill-clothed, heroic
mass, gave rise to a'number of terrible problems
which the 200,000 refugees and the French
authorities of2the Department desPyrenees O-
entales were unable to face alone. Although a
large part of the criticism directed at France for
the manner in which she has dealt with the
refugee problem is justified, it must be remem-
bered that the enormous proportions of the
exodus were a complete surprise to her. In fact,
she had scarcely expected to receive anything
but disarmed troops in retreat, accompanied by a
number of political refugees.
The local authorities, the population, as well
as all sorts of voluntary aid worked courageously
from the beginning and are carrying on their
work today. But the French government, in its
anxiety to gain the gratitude and friendship of
dulo .
EDUCATION is still in the pioneering
stage, Dr. L. W. Keeler of the School
of Education was only agreeing with scores of
liberal-minded educators throughout the nation
hen he said once that "education is still an
"xtrem ely wasteful 'process."
;Mut, unlike many movements, enterprises,
and ideas that have been pioneered in the past,
education may draw from suggestions from
methods used in other fields which are similarly
operated. Ignoring such criticism is worse than
mere straight-laced conservatism. It is sheer
laziness.
And educators today are guilty of sheer lazi-
ness when they flaunt modern curricula as de-
signed for the individual. The truth is that
the typical modern curriculum is basic, and any
individual variations that may exist are varia-
tions in quantity not in content of work. The
child whose work is not quite up to par is not
required to do quite as much, or he may be
given special assistance. The superior student
is required to complete the standard curriculum
and possibly some extra assignment. But on
the whole there, is no variation whatsoever in
content of work accomplished.
Of course, we must remember that in the
field of special education for the mentally and
physically handicapped, great strides have been
mid are being taken. Our neighbors at Ypsilanti
soon may be working in cooperation with our
School of Education to help devise and apply
the best possible curricula for the handicapped.
But the plight of the particlarly gifted student
Ls still pathetic. He is forced to do the same work
everyone else in his class does. He may advance
through a standard curriculum in less time than
his fellows, but if he does he is forced into
a high school, college, or business world to which
he is poorly adjusted because of his age. New
Tork City educators are beginning to realize his
plight, and have generated a spark of realiza-
ion that may some day light the torch that will
point the way for individual training.
For that is just the problem: to teach the
ndividual, not the class. Mr. Gerald Rush of
dhe Michigan State Parole Board tells us that
ndividual education in its strictest sense is actu-
klly accomplished in this state in the training and
-ehabilitation of all persons confined in institu-
Ions. This education is based on a case history
eport that is compiled by an expert board, made
ip of sociologists, psychologists, teachers, and
loctors. The typical case history used in a
Michigan penal institution treats of all the
acs that enter into the makeup of the indi-
idual from his childhood on. With such refer-
nce material as this, it is but a short step to
in education that considers only the particular
iackground and aptitudes of the individual.
Compiling such a case history for the public
chool student would not be the herculean task
hat it might appear. It would be merely a
niatter of keeping a running record of the stu-
lent's progress, supplemented by studies of his
ome life and outside contacts. A start toward
uch a record has been made with the so-called
Jongitudinal studies" being developed by Dr.
. A. Courtis. This longitudinal type of study
s all right as far as it goes, but it is grossly
ricomplete, in that it is only a record of mental
.evelopment, with no supplementary informa-
ion. A more complete record, with the necessary
Wcompanying action in the shape of selective
tudies adapted to the individual's -aptitudes,
rould be the first step toward really individual-
zed education. Much along this line is being done
a studies of child development by Prof. Willard
I Olson at the University Elementary School.
Critics Again
To the Editor:
To obviate the necessity of unprof-
itable controversy and to satisfy my,
curiosity. I am supplying a multiple-1
choice question to the reviewers of
"Androcles and The Lion," whose
manifestly unfair criticism appeared
in this morning's Daily. All that is
needed is that they check the correct
explanation,-I can think of no others
at the moment-and return the clip-
ping to The Daily which I feel sure
will afford space for the answer.
1. Our assignment was to pan the
play.
2. We are young adolescents who
wish to appear sophisticated.
3. We are a little dumb and can't
quite understand Shaw.
4. We haven't been getting enough
sleep lately.
5. We didn't attend the play, but
some one told us about it.
6. We tried out for parts but were
not accepted.
-Androcles
the new Spanish dictator, makes no
haste to better the deplorable condi-
tions in the refugee camps and hos-
pitals.
At the beginning of March, when
the census of all the refugees was
completed,' it was ascertained that
40,000.of them could never be repatri-
ated in Spain, since their former
political work exposed them to the
reprisals from the Nationalists. The
French hope that most of them will
be able to establish themselves in
Mexico and other South American
nations.
Various groups of refugees see their
fate ruled according to who they
are: most of the women and children
were rapidly distributed in small
groups throughout France. Therest
were enclosed, in various numbers,
at Cerberes, Leperthus, Bourg-Ma-
dame, Argeles, Saint-Cyprien, Le
Barcares, and in a series of smaller
camps. About 12,000 wounded and
gravely ill were housed in two im-
provised hospitals at Perpignan, a
hospital at Toulouse, and two ships
transformed into floating hospitals
at Port-Vendre.
In Concentration Camps
The investigation that I have-made
recently in three of the large camps
and hospitals in the region of Per-
pignan, enabled me to determine the
following facts. At Argeles, where
there are about 60,000 refugees, the
conditions are absolutely shameful.
It does not seem that any real effort
has been made by the French Auth-
orities to make them better. There is
a great lack of sufficient shelter, of
food, of medical supplies; the place
swarms with vermin, and sicknesses
are frequent. Yet, in spite of ad-
versity, in spite of the moral and
physical misfortune, of which I have
found evidence in the entire camp,
the morale of the refugees is in gen-
eral extraordinarily high.
One of the refugees in the Argeles
camp, discussing the Czech govern-
ment set up by Mr. Benes in the U.S.,
cried: "We too have a government
of the same kind-the true Spanish
government has been transferred to
the south of France-andit will not
be long before we return to claim that
which belongs to us." This firmness,
and that of his friends, gave no doubt
that some day or other, in some man-
ner or another, their convictions
would be realized.
Another refugee was telling that
he had written his mother in Spain
to ask her if conditions to allow him
to return home. His mother replied
that life was very pleasant, that he
could return home when he wished,
and that certainly he would be treated
as well as his brother. It happened
that his only brother had been shot
two years before by the Fascists. But
the censor is so strict that that was
the only manner in which a mother
,ould inform her refugee son of the
frightful repression enforced in Spain.
The skillfulness and inventive spirit
which the refugees have shown is
surprising. With nothing else at
their disposal than simple tools, and
few of these, they succeeded in con-
structing ingenious folding beds, den-
tist chairs, keys, sterilizers, and a
host of other indispensable objects.
At Argeles, the Spanish guides of
a large section of the camp were so
!sappy to meet reporters who were
not representatives of the press that
they gave them a reception worthy
of great heroes. The director of this
part of the camp, 26 years old, a com-
mander in the military staff of the
Spanish Republican Army, embodies
the very spirit of the camp. "Morale,"
he said, "is the only thing that they
won't be able to take from us!" The
Spanish doctor-in-chief and his
assistant, although ill themselves, pay
their daily visits so conscientiously
and with words comforting enough
to bring a dead man from his grave.
When one of the visitors expressed his
sadness at the condition of the
refugees, a broad smile spread over
the doctor's face, and he declared,
"Mais quoi, they have a good time.
It is like a camping party." Such is
the spirit of all the Spanish directors
of the camp, who work night and day.
to make the most of an almost im-
possible situation.
--R Perlm.
The Editor
Gets Told
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University.
Copy received at the office of the Summer Session until 3:30 p.m.; 11:00 a.m. Saturday
SATURDAY, JULY 29, 1939 1
Ed. D. degree in Education. The3
qualifying examination for educa-
tion students looking forward to the
degree of Doctor of Education will
be held this morning at 8:00 in 1022]
University High School.'
Those expecting to take this
examination are requested to leave
their names in2the office of Profes-
so' Woody, 4002 UHS.
Lecture Demonstration: "A dem-
onstration of how one person can
give a public speechor sing a quar-
tet, without using his vocal cords"
by Professor Floyd a Firestone of the
Department of Physics, will be pre-
sented in the Lecture Hall of the
Rackham Building at 1:15 p.m. to-
day. Open to the public.
The Rackham Record Concert,
which will be held today at
3 p.m. in the Men's Lounge, will con-
sist of a group of smaller works em-
bracing several periods in music lit-
erature. The program is as follows:
Suite for strings, horns, flutes and
English horn, Purcell-Barbirolli; Bal-
let Music from "Le Coq d'Or," Rim-
sky-Korsakoff; Serenata Notturna,
Mozart; Death and Transfiguration,
Strauss; L'Apres-midi d'un Faun,
Debussy; Rumanian Rhapsody Num-
ber One, Enesco. The records are
from the library of Mr. J. W. Peters.
Androcles and The Lio' by George
Bernard Shaw will be presented by
the Michigan Repertory Players at
8:30 this evening in the Lydia Men-
. delssohn Theatre.
Graduate Outing Club will have a
picnic, ,including swimming, base-
ball, volleyball, hiking, a treasure
hunt, andaa camp-fire, on Sunday,
July 30, at Saline Valley Coopera-
tive Farms. The group will meet at
2:30 at the northwest entrance of
the Rackham Building. Transporta-
tion will be by car, and all those own-
ing cars are urged to bring them.
Drivers will be repaid for their ex-
penses. All graduate students and
faculty members are cordially in-
vited. There will be a meeting re-
gardless of the weather.
Sunday Worship Services will be
held in Trinity Lutheran Church at
8:15 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. The Rev.
Henry O. Yoder will deliver the ser-
mons at both services.
Worship Service will be held at
10:30 in Zion Lutheran Church with
sermon by the Rev. Ernest C. Stell-
horn.
The Lutheran Students, their wives
and friends will meet at 5:00 p.m.
SSunday at the Zion Lutheran Parish
Hall. Cars will take the group to the
place of the outing. Mr. Rolfe Haat-
vedt, professor at ,Luther College will
speak on Archaeology and the Bible.
Mr. Haatvedt was a member of the
University archaeological expedition
in the Fayum region. He spent from
1930 to 1933 with the group.
First Presbyterian Church, 1432
Washtenaw Ave.
. 10:45 a.m. Morning Worship Serv-
ice. Dr. John W. Dunning, President
of Alma College, will be the guest
preacher. Dr. Dunning's topic will
be "Divine Restoratives." Special
music by the choir under the direc-
tion of Hardin A. VanDeursen with
William N. Barnard at the organ.
5:30 p.m., the SummertSession stu-
dent group will meet at the Council
Ring for a cost supper. At the Ves-
per Service which follows at 6:15 in
the Lewis Parlor, Miss Edith Thom-
as, Special Lecturer in Library Sci-
ence, is to speak on "Beautiful Books
on Religious Themes." Miss Thomas
will provide an exhibit of a few books
and will lead a discussion relating to
some of these books. This talk should
be of great interest to teachers in
church schools, to parents and to
others interested in religious work.
The Michigan Christian Fellowship
invites you to attend its regular Sun-
day afternoon meeting held in the
Fireplace Room Lane Hall at 4:30.
Mr. Mary Erickson is going to speak
on the subject, "Why Study Reli-
gion." There will be group singing
led by Mr., Charles Yung-san Hsu
and refreshments will be served.
First Methodist Church. Dr. C. W.
The Coolest Dining Room in Town!
. . So our Patrons say
The HAUNTED
TAVERN
417 E. Huron St. Free Parking
Brashares will preach on "Totalita-
rian Loyalty" at the Morning Wor-
ship Service at 10:40 o'clock.
Wesley Foundation. Dr. E. W.
Blakeman will lead the class in "New
Testament Religion" at 9:30 a.m. at
Stalker Hall. The subject for dis-
cussion will be "The Cross-First
Tragedy then Doctrine." Wesleyan
Guild Meeting at 6 p.m. Dr. C. W.
Brashares will speak on "Toward
Racial Understanding." Refresh-
ments and fellowship hour after the
meeting.
First Baptist Church, 512 E. Huron
Street. 9:30 a.m. Church School.
10:45 a.m. Morning Worship.
Rev. C. Y. Boyd, pastor of the First
Baptist Church of Tiffin, Ohio, will
be the speaker. He will speak on the
theme: "Does God Care."
St. Andrew's Episcopal Church,
Sunday: 8 a.m. Holy Communion; 11
a.m. Kindergarten; 11 a.m. Morning
Prayer and Sermon by the Rev. Hen-
ry Lewis; 4 p.m. Student Picnic at
Saline Valley Farm. Cars leave
church at 4 p.m.
Unitarian Church. Sunday at 11
a.m. Rev. Lester Mondale of Evans-
ton, Ill., will speak on "Men, Wom-
en and Hate," an answer to Karl
Menninger's essay on unhappy mar-
riages.
Christian Reformed and Reformed
Church services will be held Sun-
day, July 30, at 10:30 a.m. and 7:30
p.m. in the Michigan League Chapel.
Mr. John H. Bratt will speak at both
services.
Ann Arbor Friends (Quakers): The
Ann Arbor Meeting of the Religious
Society of Friends will hold an un-
programmed meeting for worship,
Sunday, July 30, 1939 at 5 p.m. in the
Michigan League. Following the
meeting there will be a cafeteria sup-
per in the Russian Tea Room. Friends
and others interested are cordially
invited to be present.
First Church of Christ, Scientist,
409 S. Division St., Sunday service at
10:30, subject: "Love."
Golden Text: Jude 1:21. Sunday
School at 11:45.
High School Athletic Accident or
Benefit Plan Conference. Athletic Ac-
cident Benefit or Protection Plans in
effect in several states will be dis-
cussed by C. E. -Forsythe, State Di-
rector of High School Athletics,
Michigan High School Athletic As-
sociation, in Room 318 of the Michi-
gan Union, Monday, July 31, 7:30
p.m. Michigan school administrators,
physical education instructors, and
athletic directors and coaches espe-
cially are urged to be present in order
that problems involved in the posy
sible establishment of an Athletic
Accident Benefit Plan in Michigan
may be considered.
Piano Recital. Harry Gil-Smythe,
pianist, of Baltimore, Maryland, will
give a recital in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the Master of
Music degree, Monday evening, July
31, at 8:15 o'clock, in the School of
Music Auditorium on Maynard St.
The general public is cordially in-
vited to attend.
The Graduate Commercial Club:
Dean Edmonson will speak on Occu-
pational Patterns at 4:15 in the East
Conference Room of the Rackham
Building on Tuesday, Aug. 1. There
will be tea and dancing in the As-
sembly Room following the lecture.
German Hause: Dr. Frederick Dean
McClusky, Director of Scarborough
(Continued on Page 3)
4
Apparatus In Investigation Of Ultra-Virus
By KARL KESSLER
Latest types of scientific apparatus used in
the investigation of ultra-viruses and other
micro-organisms were explained yesterday by
Prof. Andre Gratia of the University o . Liege,
Belgium in the final in the series of virus lectures.
Difficulties encountered in the study of viruses
were two, Professor Gratia explained. First,
virus, since they are of a parasitic nature, cannot
be cultivated artificially, except in living tissue
or in other bacteria. Secondly, due to their
small size, they could not be seen even through
the best microscopes.
Smallest object that could possibly be seen
by means of the ordinary type of microscope has
been calculated to be about 30 times the size of
the smallest virus, and since the limit of visibility
was determined by the wave length of light, a
microscope constructed along different principles
was seen as the only solution to the problem.
By using ultra-violet rays of light in place of
the ordinary visible beam, photographic images
of particles half the size of thessmallest visible
by previous means were observed. Latest and
most complete results, however, are those ob-
tained by the use of the electronic microscope.
In place of the light beam, this instrument uses
electronic rays, focused on a photographic plate
by means of magnetic fields.
Another instrument by means of which a
great deal of knowledge of the mysteries sur-
rounding the ultra-viruses is the ultracentrifuge
developed by two French scientists, Henriot and
3
Huguenard. The principle of operation of the
ultracentrifuge, Professor Gratia explained, is
quite simple. The "whirling" part of the centri-
fuge consists of a heavy,-hollow metal cone, with'
small notches cut along the under side. This
cone then nestles within a second cone which
fitted with a series of air jets corresponding to
the notches in the upper cone.
In operation, air at a pressure of 5 atmospheres
(about 70 pounds per square inch) is forced
through the slanted jets under the cone. These
jets of air then perform a dual function by im-
parting a rotary motion to the cone and by
supporting it on a "bearing of air."
This cone-is in this manner able to attain a.
maximum rotational velocity of 150,000 revolu-
tions per minute, at which speed a centrifugal
force of 400,000 times the force of gravity is
exerted on the material within the central cone.
Difficulties, however, were encountered when
this centrifuge was first put into use. The mix-
ture was sedimented readly enough by the
machine, but it settled in a ring around the
periphery of the cone, and when the speed
was again decreased, the contents of the cone
were remixed.
Several methods of preventing this remixing
were tried until a satisfactory solution was found
by Professor Gratia. The cone now in use is con-
structed out of duraluminum with small depre's-
sions drilled around the inside of the cone. It is
in these depressions that the viruses are sedi-
mented.
SHOWS 2 - 4- 7 - 9 P.M.
Today's Events
9:15 a.m. Linguistic Society Session (Amphitheatre, Rackham =Building).
12:15 p.m. Linguistic Society luncheon (Union).
1:15 p.m. Artificial Larnyx Demonstration by Prof. Floyd A. Firestone of the
'P n h na+r r (T- p tin TT lan.-. n
Starting Today
The Devil Is Their Playmate
...Sudden Death Is The Game
-ex - - ,
WARNER BROS
with
RONALD REAGAN
I
I ; ° ,H Ww