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SUNDAY ,AUG. 9, 193b
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
OffHicial Publication of the Summer Session
VS-.
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Joseph b. Mattes, Elsie A. Pierce, Tuure Tenander,
Jewel W. Wuerfel.
Reporters: Eleanor Bare, Donal Burns, Mary Delnay,
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y
w
Th AmericanIdeal
For University Freedom ...
V ISITING HARVARD in the course
of a tour of New England, a group
of Nazi students from German secondary schools
heard a welcoming address by Dr. Kirley F.
Mather, director of the Harvard Summer School,
that deserves to be retold when the visitors return
to Berlin. It can also be retold to good advantage
elsewhere in this country.
Sometimes in this country, Dr. Mather is re-
ported as saying by the New York Times, efforts
were made to restrict education and to tell stu-
dents that they cannot think about ideas de-
velkped in other countries and by other races, but,
he declared, Harvard did not uphold such teach-
ing.
"Here we are striving to cultivate education for
freedom," he went on. "We are trying to preserve
to individuals all the liberty which is possible for
them in the midst of a very complex society.
"I tiink the real problem you young men and
' young women will, help to solve in the next few
years is the problem of getting a satisfactory
balance between the rights of society, sometimes
represented in the State, which must impose more
or less restraint on the individual, and, on the
other hand, the right of the individual to live
his own life as he would like to live it.
"It is a very difficult thing to harmonize the
right of the individual with the restraint which
is imposed by society on him. We in Harvard
are doing what we can to educate, to develop
ourselves and you also who come into contact
with us so that we may be able wisely to enjy
liberty.
"To enjoy liberty,'to be'free is a more difficult
task in this century than it has been in any prev-
lous century in the history of Harvard or of
mankind in general.
"And so our ain here in Harvard is very
simply stated something like this: We are trying
to help young men-and occasionally young
women, too-we are trying to help young people
learn how to think for themselves.
"We don't tell people what to think; we help
them to learn how to think for themselves. We
believe that the only way to solve this conflict
between the individual and the group in which he
must live his life is to develop the ability for
each individual to think for himself and to reach
conclusions which are wise for him to reach.
"We believe in freedom. We therefore are in-
terested in all sorts of people and in all kinds
of culture. On the faculty of Harvard University
there are representatives of a dozen different
races of mankind. Our professors are drawn
from all classes; many of them were educated in
Europe, some in Germany; most of them, of
course, had their training in America.
"They are interested in all sorts of things. We
have courses in almost every conceivable subject,
because young people are interested in almost
everything under the sun and have the right to
become acquainted with all kinds of literature,
all kinds of politics, all systems of government.
"We ,keep for ourselves here at Harvard all
the freedom we can retain or secure, so that
we may learn how to think, and, knowing how to
reach conclusions, we may become better citizens
of the great civilization of mankind."
What you keep to yourself you lose, what you
give away you keep forever. What is the good of
hoarding our money? Death has another key
to your safe.-Axel Munthe, The Story of San
*4ichele, in Readers' Digest.
MUSIC
-Program Notes-
By WILLIAM J. LICHTENWANGER
FACULTY CONCERT
Tuesday evening, August 11, 8:30 p.m.
Chame. r Music Class, Hanns Pick, Director
FOR HIS ANNUAL Chamber Music Recital,
which concludes the summer series of con-
certs, Professor Pick has chosen a program made
up entirely of compositions by modern composers.
In spite of its overwhelming modernity, however,
the program achieves a considerable degree of
variety through the contrasts between the styles
of the various composers represented. All the
diverse types of modernism are exemplified, from
the comparative conservatism of Chausson to the
extreme, ultra-modernism of Honegger and
Tcherepnin.
A considerable part of the music to be heard
is expressed in idioms which are vastly removed
from the unmistakable, unalloyed speech of Bach
and Beethoven, to whom we have heretofore
been listening; it is music which is apt to seem
chaotic, meaningless, even ugly, if the listener
tries to interpret it in terms of pre-twentieth
century music. Such music is not to be judged
conclusively at a single hearing, and not until the
critic fully understands both the aims and the
idiom of the composer. Undoubtedly, much mu-
sical rubbish passes today under the fashionable
guise of "modernism," but composers who have
long since established their competence and their
ability, as have those whose names are on this
program, are entitled to be listened to with re-
spect, if not with esteem. It is always wise for
us to remember that Beethoven was once a
"madman," Wagner a "heretic," and Cesar
Franck a "stupid old bore."
PROGRAM:
First Movement from the String Quartet in
D-Major, Ottorino Resphigi (1879-1936)-Thor-
oughly Italan in both ideas and mode of ex-
pression, Resphigi was, at the time of his recent
death, one of the outstanding composers of the
period. While modern in every sense, his music is
free from sheer eccentricity and sensualism; he
is concerned primarily with the expression of his
own ideas and emotions in such a way that they
are intellectually comprehensible. For this rea-
son, his music never fully yields to its inherent
tendency toward utter lyricism.
The string quartet of which the movement to
be played comprises the first section is the earlier
of Resphigi's two such works, having been written
in 1907, when the composer was still making a
serious study of other masters, such as Rimsky-
Korsakov in Russia and Max Bruch in Ger-
many. The parts move with complete melodic
freedom and disregard for mere euphony, but
they are woven together into a whole which pos-
sesses a distinctiveness of both form and tonal-
ity.
Concerto for Violin, Cello, Piano, and String
Orchestra, Op. 47, Alexander Tcherepnin (b. 1899)
-One of the few sons to follow successfully in
the footsteps of a composer-father, Alexander
Tcherepnin has far surpassed his parent both
in the quality and the scope of his work. His
gift of invention, is fantastic and exuberant, his
rhythmic sense virile and well-defined, and these
elements combine to form an idiom which is dis-
tinctly original.- His outstanding peculiarity in-
volves an indecision between the use of the minor
and major modes. In his earlier works this ex-
pressed itself in a constant alternation between
the two; but in more recent compositions, such
as this Concertino, it consists in employing the
two simultaneously, with utter disregard for the
acoustical discordancies provoked by the justa-
position in the chord of both major and minor
thirds. The salvation of his music from being
merely cacophonous chaos is effected, however,
by the fact that Tcherepnin conceives of a chord
as a single sound, rather than as a combination
of tones, and rememberance of this fact is essen-
tial to an understanding of his work.
* * * *
Danse Rococo from the Sextet for Piano and
Wind Instruments, Op. 21, Ludwig Thuille (1861-
1907)-This piece, which in the German edition
is entitled "Gavotte," combines the general style
of that ancient dance form with a modern formal
and harmonic treatment. The Sextet, written
in 1887, was the composer's first important work;
it is interesting to recall, apropos, that Thuille's
close friend and fellow-student, Richard Strauss,
made his debut with a similar composition, a
Serenade for Wind Instruments.
* * * *
"Le Dit des Jeux du Monde," Suite for Stringed
Instruments, Flute, Trumpet, and Percussion,
Arthur Honegger (b. 1892) (American Premiere)
-Written in 1918, this unusual work by the com-
poser of Pacific 231 and King David is a trans-
lation into musical language of a poem by Paul
Meral, in which the poet speaks of Man's eternal
restiveness and yearning to free himself from
bondage to the all-powerful will of the universe.
The entire suite comprises thirteen movements,
only five of which are to be heard on this pro-
gram. The quotations from the poem with which
the various movements are prefaced have been
translated as follows:
1. "-and there is a child trying to dip all of
the water from the sea, which is Life; and the
sea and the child are playing together-" The
mood here is one of tranquility and artless sim-
plicity.
2. "-and there is a man whom the world called
mad-." -mad because he tries to escape the
immutable destinies of Life. The triangle part
of this movement was originally intended to be
played on the bouteillophone, an instrument con-
sisting of a series of various-sized bottles.
3. "-and there is a mountain, whose rocks free
themselves and tumble down; and the mountain
and the rocks are playing together-." The
relatn. nnumnt rnr Aisorder of thiq csp
Letters published In this column should not be
construed as expressing the editorial opinion of The
Daily. Anonymous contributions will be disregarded,
The names of communicants will, however, be regarded
as confidential upon request. Contributors are asked
to be brief, the editors reserving the right to condense
all letters of more than 300 words and to accept or
reject letters upon the criteria of general editorial
importance and interest to the campus.
Foreign Trade
To the Editor:
"With or without trade agreements, we must
accept goods in exchange if we expect to be paid
for our exports and receive any return on capital
invested abroad." This is the first sentence of
the last paragraph of an article from the Wash-
ington Post, reprinted in The Daily for Aug. 7.
I wish to question that statement. In doing
so I wish to state briefly what appears to me to be
the basic nature of trade and investment. By
so doing I hope to make clear why I think it
important to discuss the validity of the reason-
ing in the sentence quoted.
It seems correct to say that income is nothing
more nor less than the right to use or control
the goods that come from production. As far as
individual use is concerned it is only consumer
goods that are desired. All goods come into
being only by the expenditure of labor (by hand
or brain) upon the resources of nature. Capital
goods can be produced by labor only when it is
supplied with the necessary means of living. One
who receives income more than enough to supply
his wants, may divert its use to mechanics who
build capital plant. Such plant belongs t9 the
one who diverts income (invests) after he has
paid the laborers hire. The motive for invest-
ment is to gain control of capital plant (or
resources) for more income. If progress con-
tinues increasing amounts of income must go
to return on investment. The total income is
the total product produced. Only by an in-
creasing need for capital plant is it possible
to divert increasing income on investment to
those who can exert a demand for goods on the
market. Only in this case can labor be given
enough for its barest needs through the present
normal channels of distribution. The rate of
demand for capital plant cannot increase indefi-
nitely.
When the capital plant frontier within a na-
tion cannot absorb income crying for investment,
new frontiers are sought. The development of
capital plant must be accomplished by giving
labor sustenance while building. Goods manu-
factured in America may be sent to Spain and
exchanged for the right to use goods. But it
does not follow that those goods have to be used
in the USA. They may be diverted for labor to
live upon while building plants in Spain. News ac-
counts tell us that $70,000,000 of such diversion
has been made there by Ford and General Motors
alone. The return upon this capital investment
does not have to come to the U.S. in the form
of goods because it may be used for further de-
velopment of still other foreign capital plant
frontiers.
The end result is that both the frontiers are
narrowed and that the demand for them is in-
creased. It comes to be that income cannot be
used directly or indirectly to place goods in de-
mand. Investment funds being plentiful interest
rates decrease, and strain those financial struc-
tures which were evolved when the need for the
accumulation of capital was boundless. Goods
lacking demand employment ceases. Each nation
faced by social unrest prepares to fight for a
market that is not there, while actively engaged
in trying to prevent others from gaining access
to home markets. Trade agreements must be de-
vised primarily to prevent the acceptance of
goods in exchange, with the hope of receiving
return in terms of capital plant.
It is this situation that races modern imper-
ialistic capitalism. When the history of the next
decade or so is written, those who hope for a
successful League of Nations, may look back
and see why it could not be. Those who now
have prestige by advocating civil service, govern-
ment economy, and other such reforms, may
recognize the tiddle-de-winks with which they
were playing. Those who have hopes of remov-
ing the social hazards without removing the
necessity of having to invest surplus value, may
wish that they had investigated farther. Those
who would stifle open discussion of any possible
theory may be properly disgraced.
The contention is that we must not accept
goods in exchange if we expect to be paid for our
exports and receive any return oI capital in-
vested abroad; that we must devise ways and
means of refusing such acceptance. This, of
course, is recognizing the implication of the ar-
ticle, that such goods must be shipped to us.
Exchange of goods by actual shipment to and fro,
will not in a major way improve nor hurt our
internal economic condition.
-U.V.W.
P. S. See article by Lewis Corey in the Nation
for Aug. 1, 1936.
the world. This is the solemn mystery of the
universe." Following its gigantic climax, the
work ends swiftly in a mood of inscrutable mys-
tery, the melodic thread breaking off abruptly in
the middle of a phrose. Thus is expressed the
futility of man's struggle against the universe.
* * * *
"L'Oiazion del Torero," for String Quartet,
Joaquin Turina (b. 1882)-This piece is of a
definitely pictorial nature, but the composer has
designated no program beyond that indicated
in the title. The Spanish "orazion" signifies a
prayer addressed to the Virgin Mary; evidently
the toreador is seeking celestial aid before ven-
turing forth to battle with the bull. The mood
se i hat of eincere reveroencer n tnrate with a
How One Firm
Treats 'Labor
PROCTER & GAMBLE, with a 50-
year record of minimum labor dis-
cord and unhampered production, an-
swered Business Week's questions on
industrial relations in these words:
"Any improvement in production
which is achieved at the expense of
lowered morale or physical impair-
ment of employes will in the long run
prove costly. Likewise, any personnel
activities which do not improve pro-
duction either directly or indirectly
will be uneconomical. It is the basic
philosophy of Proctor & Gamble,
therefore, that enlightened industrial
relations are a matter of sound busi-
ness, and not of paternalism or wel-
fare."
In these words, the largest manu-
facturer of soap and of vegetable
shortening in the United States, with
12 factories in this country and in
Canada, two factories in England, one
in the Philippines and one in Cuba,
strikes at the heart of modern Ameri-
can policy which is being adopted by
large and small businesses the coun-
try over.
Procter & Gamble's first starting
step in giving the emploe a break came
in 1886, when a Saturday half-holi-
day was instituted for all employes.
In those days, such a thing as free
time for workers was unheard of.
Today, the range of industrial rela-
tions policies in this company is so,
wide that it necessitates expert super-
vision in a dozen different plants. In
the advance of Procter & Gamble
along the trail of workable industrial
relations, there are several mile-posts,
tried and tested policies which have
proved their dollars-and-cents value
in company welfare and company
prosperity. Some of the most notable
are:
The profit-sharing plan. An-
nounced to employes in 1887, based
on the theory that employes should
benefit as the company prospers, this
plan has undergone several revisions
through its half-century of operation.
Today, it is an employe stock owner-
ship plan, with liberal quarterly bon-
uses. The employe saves a designat-
ed small percentage of his wages, the
company adds to that another per-
centage each quarter, based on length
of service and on condition of busi-
ness. Common stock in the company
is bought with the combined total.
Guarantee of regular employment
has been in operation since 1928. It
guarantees each year to factory em-
ployes the equivalent of 48 weeks'
work on' the basis of the standard-
hour week. Hourly-paid employes
with more than 12 months' consecu-
tive service are covered by the plan,
with the exception of those in sea-
sonal production plants.
Factory vacation plan. This year,
a plan of vacations with pay for fac-
tory workers was announced. Hourly-
paid employes with two years' service
or more will receive vacations with
pay.
Pension and benefit plan. This
policy was adopted in 1915, supple-
menting a pension plan in operation
since 1894. It provides for old-age
pensions, death benefits and benefits
for non-industrial disability.
Wages. The company's policy is to
pay at least the prevailing rate in
each community, for each classifica-
tion of work. The employes' service
department for each factory finds
part of its big job here-it must make
periodic wage surveys and assist the
factory superintendent in preparing
and revising wage schedules to con-
form with the company policy and to
establish fair differentials. Wage-in-
centive schedules have been superim-
posed on basic wage schedules for
many factory jobs, where desirable,
to provide for time bonuses.
Training and education. Following
up its comprehensive selection pro-
gram, which involved keeping in con-
stant touch with schools and other
sources of good employe materials,
the company fosters thorough-going
training schdules, responsibilty for
which rests with the line organiza-
tion-the foreman, supervisors and
executives. Employes are also in-
structed on company policies and
plans, and are educated along fun-
damental economic lines.
From all of which is may be seen
that Proctor & Gamble has left little
chance for dissatisfaction and poor
workmanship to creep into its plants
and slow or stop production. It has
been free from labor troubles; it be-
lieves that it is worth while to spend
time, money and honest thought on
the problem of keeping free.
To all businesses confronted with
the problem of meeting labor face to
face; it presents a thorough, time-
tested manual of instruction.
U.S. To Exhibit
At Escanaba Fair
WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.-(AP)-The
United State Department of Agri-
culture will send a carload of edu-
cational farm exhibits to the Upper
Peninsula State Fair at Escan'aba,
Aug. 18 to 23.
The department announced that
the exhibits would show the results
- czrinn*fif or a ,npimarnro _ -
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the
University. Copy received at the office of the Summer Session, Room 1215
Angell Hall until 3:30: 11:00 a.m. on Saturday.
Pirates of Penzance Orchestra: Re-
hearsals for the opera orchestra will
be Sunday, July 9 at 1:30 pm. at the
School of Music Annex, and at 8 p.m.
at the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.
David Mattern.I
Summer Session Chorus: Report at
6:30 p.m. sharp Sunday at MorrisZ
Hall in preparation for the Vesper
Services.
David Mattern.t
Summer Session Orchestra: Report
at 6:45 p.m. Sunday in front of the
General Library, for the Vesper Serv-
ices.
David Mattern.f
The Graduate Outing Club will
meet at Lane Hall on Sunday, Aug.
9 at 2 p.m. where they will be taken
to Silver Lake for swimming, games
and picnic supper. The approximate'
cost will be 45 cents. Those planning
to go who have cars call 4367. A re-
fund will be made to those furnish-
ing cars. All graduate students are+
cordially invited to attend all meet-]
ings of the club during the summer.
First Baptist Church, Sunday, 10:45
a.m.
Dr. Lionel G. Crocker, head of the
department of speech in Denison
University, and visiting professor of
public speaking in the University
Summer Session, will occupy the pul-
pit, speaking on the subject, "The
Seeing Eye." There will be no church
school and no studnt gatherings.
Members of the congregation urged
to attend the Campus Vesper serv-
ices at 7:30 p.m.
Stalker hall: Wesleyan Guild meet-
ing in the vestry of the Methodist
church at 6 p.m. Prof. Bennett
Weaver will speak on "The Christian
Influence in Literature." This is the
last topic in the series "Christianiz-
ing Your Education." Fellowship hour
following the meeting.
First Methodist Church: Morning
worship service at 10:45 a.m. The
Rev. L. LaVerne Finch will preach on
"Am I A Christian?"
Faculty Concert: The last faculty
concert in the Summer Session series
will be given by the members of the
Chamber Music Class under the di-
rection of Prof. Hanns Pick, in Hill
Auditorium, Tuesday, Aug. 11, 8:30
p.m. The public, with the exception
of small children, is cordially invited
to attend.
Monday at 7:30 p.m., in the ball
room of the Union, Dr. Clifford
Woody will present a subject of vital
interest to all men in Education.
There has been no end of questioning
this summer relative to requirements
for degrees in education. This ques-
tion and others of this nature will be
answered by Dr. Woody at the meet-
ing on Monday. His subject is
"Trends in Michigan." Dr. Woody
will discuss present requirements, re-
cent developments, and suggest cer-
tain directions which graduate work
is apt to take. Every man in educa-
tion is cordially invited and is re-
quested to be there. This is the last
meeting of the Men's Education Club
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LAUNDRY
LAUNDRY 2-1044. Sox darned.
Careful work at low price. 1x
LAUNDRY WANTED: Student Co-
ed. Men's shirts 10c. Silks, wools,
our specialty. All bundles done sep-
arately. No markings. Personal sat-
isfaction guaranteed. Call for and
deliver. Phone 5594 any tin'W until
7 o'clock. Silver Laundry, 607 E.
Hoover. 3x
FOR SALE
FOR SALE: Ford coupe, 1933. Re-
conditioned motor. Good finish.
$225. 508 Thompson. Phone 9092.
T A t ({_ R T____ _ T TT
VOL. XLV. No. 35
SUNDAY, AUG. 9, 1936
Notices
for this summer. It is hoped that all
the men in Education still on the
campus will make this a good sociable
mixer.
Visiting students and teachers en-
rolled in L.S. and A.; Arch.; Educ.;
Forestry; Music: Your credits for
this Summer Session will be sent
wherever you direct immediately af-
ter the grades are received if you will
fill in the proper request in Room 4,
University Hall, between now and
Aug. 20.
Blue prints and directions for Sep-
tember registration for College of
Literature, Science, and the Arts;
College of Architecture; School of
Education; School of Forestry and
Conservation; and School of Music
will be mailed the first week in Sep-
tember. These reports will not reach
you unless the Registrar's Office,
Room 4, University Hall, has your
correct address for that time. Please
report any change of address at
once.
Summer School Students: The reg-
ular meeting for summer school stu-
dents of the Episcopal Church will be
held tonight, but not at the home of
Mr. T. R. Peirsol, as announced yes-
terday. Cars will leave the church at
five o'clock. All Episcopal students
and their friends are cordially in-
vited.
Saint And'ew's Episcopal Church:
Services of worship Sunday are: 8
a.m. holy communion; 11 a.m. kinder-
garten; 11 a.m. morning prayer and
sermon by The Rev. Sheldon Har-
bach of Providence, R. I.
Congregational Church: Service of
worship at 10:45 a.m. Sermon by the
minister, Allison Ray Heaps. Sub-
ject, "What is there to worry about?"
Soloist, Joseph Daverman. Late serv-
ice until fall.
The Presbyterian Student Group is
having a very unique program at their
meeting in the Upper Room at Lane
Hall at 8 p.m. Sunday, immediately
following the campus vesper service.
The director and the assistant direct-
or of the University's Bureau of Co-
operation with Educational Institu-
tions, Prof. George E. Carrothers and
Prof. Harlan C. Koch, will hold a
conversation on the question, "Should
youth go modern in its religious be-
liefs?"
This is the final meeting of this
group this summer and they invite
students and friends to join them at
the service.
Professor and Mrs. Winter will hold
an informal reception of graduate
students in the Department of Latin
on Monday, Aug. 10, from 8-10 p.m.
in the Michigan League Bldg.
The Michigan Dames will hold their
family picnic Tuesday evening, Aug.
11, at the Ann Arbor Island. Each
family is asked to bring its own pic-
nic supper and dishes. Drinks and ice
cream will be sold on the grounds.
All married students and internes
and their wives and children are in-
vited to attend this picnic. There will
be a soft ball game for the men, and
games for the children. Ball games
will begin at 5 p.m. and supper will
be served at 6 p.m. Come as early as
you wish.
Excursion No. 11, Wednesday af-
ternoon, Aug. 12. Inspection of the
new Ann Arbor Daily News Bldg.
Make reservation at Office of the
Summer Session. Meet in front of
Press Building at 2 p.m. There is no
charge for this trip.
The University Extension Credit
and Noncredit Course bulletin has
just come from the press. Summer
Session students and others who wish
to obtain this bulletin may do so by
coming to the Extension Office, 107
Haven Hall, or by calling, telephone
4121, line 354.
Candidates for the Teacher's Cer-
tificate: Students who expect to re-
ceive a teacher's certificate at the
close of the Summer Session must
pay the fee by Aug. 21. Blanks for
this purpose may be secured in the
office of the Recorder of the School
of Education, 1437 U.E.S.
A list of those students in the
School of Education, College of Lit-
erature, Science, aiid the Arts, and
Graduate School who have made ap-
plication for a teacher's certificate to
be granted at the close of the Sum-
mer Session has been posted on the
School of Education bulletin board in
Room 1431 U.E.S. Any student whose
name does not appear oilthis list
and who wishes to be so listed should
report this fact at once to the Re-
corder of the School of Education,
1537 U.E.S.
Seniors: College of Literature, Sci-
ence, and the Arts: College of Archi-
tecture; School of Education; School
of Forestry and Conservation; School
of Music, who expect to receive de-