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Eighty-three years of editorial freedom
Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan
Inside and outside Chile after the coup
$I
420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Mi. 48104
News Phone: 764-0552
TUESDAY, OCTOBER~23, 1973
Impeach Nixon
FOR THE PAST five years, the Nixon
administration has offered us a gov-
ernment of violated trusts-official lies,
secret wars, broken promises, and consist-
ent abuse of democratic institutions. We
have grown so accustomed to these abuses
as to tolerate them, but any nation can
reach a breaking point, and in the events
of this weekend, President Nixon has fin-
ally crossed that breaking point.
We call upon the Congress of the Unit-
ed States to impeach and convict the
President for high crimes and misde-
meanors in violation of his oath to serve
the Constitution and the American peo-
ple.
In refusing to follow a court order to
release White House tapes and documents
vital to prosecution of Watergate crimes,
Nixon has placed himself above the law
of the land.,
Archibald Cox, the man who upheld
that law until finally thwarted by the
President, delivered a chilling, accurate
assessment of the crisis.now confronting
the nation:
"Whether the government will continue
to be one of laws and not men is now up
to the Congress and ultimately the Amer-
ican people to decide."
NIXON'S WILL WAS never so clear as in
the removal of Cox and William
Ruckelshaus, and the resignation of Elliot
Richardson. Inasmuch as these three
men worked for and believed in some-
thing higher than the vaulted self-im-
portance of Richard Nixon, they merely
became obstacles to his desire to blot out
the Watergate investigation.
The so-called compromise, meanwhile,
which would provide summaries of the
tapes to be verified by Sen. Stennis mocks
the pledge of Richardson and others that
the Watergate investigation be wholly in-
dependent, and as Nixon himself put it
April 30, "to insure that the guilty are
brought to justice.",
In addition, as Cox has pointed out,
it is unlikely that summaries would have
been admissable in evidence during a
trial even though they may have been
sufficient to indict.
The guidelines set down by former At-
torney General Richardson last spring
explicitly stated that, "The special pro-
Business Staff
Sports Staff
DAN BORUS
Sports Editor
FRANK LONGO
Managing Sports Editor
BOB McGINN ................Executive Sports Editor
CHUCK BLOOM..............Associate Sports Editor
JOEL GREM ..............Assodite Sports Editor
RICH STUCK.............Contributing Sports Editor
BOB HEUER ............ .Contributing Sports Editor
NIGHT EDITORS: Jeff Chown, Brian Deming, Jim
Ecker, Marc Feldman, G e r g e Hastings, Marcia
Merker, Roger Rositer, Theresa Swedo
STAFF: Barry Argenbright, Bill Crane. Richard Fla-
herty, Gary Fotias, Andy Glazer, Leba Hertz, John
Kahler, Mike Lisull, Jeffrey Milgrom, Tom Pyden,
Leslie Riester, Jeff Schiller, Bill Stieg, Fred Upton
Photography Staff
DAVID MARGOLICK
Chief Photographer
KENINK ................Staff Photographer
THOMAS GOTTLIEB .. . ........ Staff Photographer
STEV KAGAN .............Staff Photographer
KAREN KASMAUSKI ..............Staff Photographer
TERRY McCARTHY ..............Staff Photographer
JOHN UPTON .................... Staff Photographer
Editorial Staff
CHRISTOPHER PARKS and EUGENE ROBINSON
Oo-Editors in Chief
DIANE LEVICK,.......................... Arts Editor
MARTIN PORTER................... Sunday Editor
MARILYN RILEY......... Associate Managing Editor
ZACHARY SCHILLER .............. Editorial Director
ERIC SCHOCH....................Editorial Director
TONY SCHWARTZ ................. Sunday Editor
CHARLES STEIN ......................... City Editor
TED STEIN .......................... Executive Editor
ROLFE TESSEM .................... Managing Editor
STAFF WRITERS: Prakash Aswani, Gordon Atcheson,
Dan Biddle, Penny Blank, Dan Blugerman, Howard
Brick, Dave Burhenn, Bonnie Carnes, Charles Cole-
man, Mike Duweck, Ted Evanoff, Deborah Good,
William Heenan, Cindy Hill, Jack Krost, Jean Love-
Josephine Marcotty, Cheryl Pilate, Judy Ruskin,
Ann Rauma, Bob Seidensteta, Stephen Selbst, Jeff
Sorensen, Sue tephenson, David Stoll, Rebecca
Warner
DAILY WEATHER BUREAU: William Marino and
Dennis Dismacnek (forecaKters)
BILL BLACKFORD
Business Manager
RAY CATALINO............... Operations Manager
SHERRY CASTLE . ........... Advertising Manager
SANDY FIENBERG ................. Finance Manager
DAVE BURLESON ..................Sales Manager
DEPT. MGRS.: Steve LeMire, Jane Dunning, Paula
Schwach
ASSOC. MGRS.: Joan Ades, Chantal Bancilhon, Linda
Ross, Mark Sancvainte. S u a n n e Tiberio, Kevin
Trimmer
secutor will not be removed from his du-
ties (except) for extraordinary impro-
prieties on his part."
Cox' only impropriety, however, was to
carry his investigation into the Oval Of-
fice. In other words, he did his job too
well.
BUT THE BATTLE for the tapes has
been completely justified. They may
provide a corroboration of Dean's charges
that Nixon knew of the Watergate cover-
up, charges that desperately need to be
either confirmed or disproven. And in re-
cent weeks, the tenacious defense of the
"confidentiality" of the tapes has merely
strengthened our suspicions that indeed
the President has something to hide.
If Congress should need more grist for
the impeachment mill, however, they
should consider the long list of outrages
against this country during the Nixon
years that form a prelude to the tapes
battle.
The President and his administration
prolonged an immoral war in Southeast
Asia for four years, resulting in the
deaths of thousands of Americans and
countless numbers of Asians. He author-
ized the secret bombing of Cambodia, lied
to the American people and Congress
when he denied it, and then invaded that
country, escalating the war in the name
of peace.
NIXON HAS FOR several years waged a
calculated war against the civil-liber-
ties of American citizens. He began or-
dering the indiscriminate use of wiretaps
and electronic surveillance against repre-
sentatives of the news media in 1969,
surveillance that was later outlawed by
the "Nixon" Supreme Court.
He has approved a plan of massive do-
mestic and surveillance and invasion of
privacy by illegal means to combat an
overblown threat of "domestic subver-
sion."
He has created a personal White House
investigative unit that amounted to noth-
ing less than a small force of secret po-
lice who engaged in such illegal acts as
breaking and entering to gain informa-
tion.
The President has created a policy of
defying the law; Any means necessary,
legal or not, could be utilized to combat
any situation which Nixon decided was
detrimental to national security.
AP Photo
Leftist prisoners receiv e "junta" haircuts
(Editor's Note: The following letter
was written by Hernan Drobny, a
Chilean citizen and Ann Arbor resi-
dent, in response to one he receiv-
ed from his grandfather after the
coup in Chile last month.)
Dear Grandfather,
I DID NOT WISH to have to
write you this letter. I also doubt
that you will ever receive it. It is
true that government has changed
hands, though this timeit has been
far from peaceful. I do think that
fascists now have all the power.
We have seen reports from U. S.
and Canadian news about the
thousands (maybe over 25,000) held
in the Estadio Nacional as political
prisoners. And returned Americans
have confirmed this and told fur-
ther of the 400 to 500 workers as-
sassinated there in groups of 20
to 30. I saw on television how the
cops and uniformed thugs entered
into the poor people's neighbor-
hoods, forced them to march with
their arms up and also hit and hurt
them.
We have heard reports of the
thousands murdered for political
reasons. And one foreign reporter
was detainedsby the government
and told she must not permit fur-
ther errors in her reports! And
you claim that this is not tragic?
And you claim that this is not a
fascist triumph? I feel certain we
know more about what is happen-
ing in Chile here, than you do
there - a turnabout.
THAT ALLENDE was assassi-
nated in Chile and was buried.
there with no glory is true: But
in Italy, in New York, in Mexico
. . . there was glory and mourn-
ing for Allende. Did El Mercurio
(one of only a few newspapers al-
lowed to publish) tell you that? We
have heard of Neruda's death. In
his funeral procession were two to
four thousand people singing -the
Communist "International." Did
El Mercurio report that?
Did El Mercurio tell you how the
U. S. stopped financial assistance
yet multiplied military aid to
Chile. Did El Mercurio explain that
many of Chile's economic prob-
lems were the product of the
Chilean rich's seditionist activities
and the war that the multinational
corporations had declared on my
country? If I wanted to make mon-
ey I would buy Kennecott and An-
aconda copper company stock now,
for they have been rising signifi-
cantly. I wonder why.
OF COURSE the Popular Unity
Government (UP) made mistakes.
But the biggest error was in not
arming the people sooner so that
they couldresist fascist aggression.
We have heard the news of the
capture and likely murder of Com-
munist Party leader Corvalan. Yes,
now there will be liberty in Chile,
no? Was it leftists that finished
with all political parties? Was it
the UP that finished with liberty of
the press and expression, that fin-
ished with radio stations that dis-
agreed? Was the UP that jailed
25,000 or many more for political
reasons? Were the people who
have assassinated thousands of
Chileans for political reasons. left-
ists? Was it the UP that censored
all news reports?
Yes, now we will have liberty in
Chile! Liberty in the style of Bra-
zil, or Paraguay, or Bolivia, or
Formosa, or Greece. Liberty in the
style of Thieu . . . Liberty to pro-
titute Chile to the rich wolves, to
the multinational corporations, to
Western Imperialism. Liberty for
the rich and those who can afford
it. Liberty for the good and obe-
dient children. Liberty to not talk,
to not read (book burning!). The.
poor had better have less pride
and more respect for us, the rich.
If not, to jail or to their burial!
NO SIR! In that liberty, in those
lies, with those assassins I will not
have part. By fortune I find my-
self not in Chile, for surely were I
there I would be in jail or in a
grave.
I will not return to Chile under
these circumstances.
My dream has ended. You have
supported the military. I am in the
opposite camp . .
Viva Allende! So easily they will
not finish with him. As they did
not finish with Che. They still ex-
ist, both assassinated by the fascist
bullet in their fight for socialism.
Viva Allende and death to the mili-
tary junta!
(Editor's Note: The following let-
ter was written by a political refu-
gee from the Chilean junta who re-
mains anonymous to protect the
safety of friends and relatives still in
Chile.)
Dear Comrades,
THE FASCISTS came, and they
arrived torturing, murdering,
showing their real nature to those
idealists who thought that t h i s
,ould never happen in Chile. The
'constitutional and democratic
Chilean Armed Forces" have start=
ed a reign of mass terror compar-
able only to Spain and Indonesia.
Chile today is a long and nightmar-
ish Djakarta.
I could tell you endless horror
stories of refined tortures a n d
mass shootings, but I am sure you
can imagine. The fascists probably
accelerated -the death of Pablo
Neruda in order to prevent his go-
ing to Mexico (he was supposed to
travel to Mexico in a plane that
took others there). The commun-
ist singer, Victor Jara, w a s tor-
tured to death. So was Angel Par-
ra, son of Violeta, and we fear
that Isabel Parra, her daughter,
has likewise been tortured to
death.
Our estimates are 5,000 soldiers
dead and 30,000 to 35,000 leftists
eliminated up to today. Mass exe-
cutions continue and the "ley de
fuga" (shoot while escaping) has
become common law in Chile.
Foreigners have become a particu-
lar target of the fascists and there
are numerous Brazilian and Urug-
uayan comrades that have been
shot. Brazilian police arrived in
two big Hercules planes to lead in-
terogations, to torture and to take
back to Brazil many of the 6,000
Brazilian political refugees that
were living in Chile. Book burning
is a common sight. The military
entered my apartment and tock
away to burn most of my books
and my papers. Fortunately, I was
not there. Both of Pablo Neruda's
homes were ransacked, his books
burnt. They flooded his two horres
so that the water would finish the
work that they had started.
U.S. COLLABORATION has been
clear and unrestricted. In the last
few weeks before the coup the
civilian and military fascists were
meeting openly with U.S. Am-
bassador Nathaniel Davis, t h e
same one who was in Guatemala
three years ago when there was a
similar cleaning of "Marxist ex-
tremists". The fascist's press sec-
retary, Frederico Willoughby,
worked as press attache in the
U.S. Embassy and had all the trust
of the C.I.A. I could go on and
on but I think you must have a.
clear picture of what's going on.
Two things characterize the jun-
ta up until now: mass terror and
xenophobia tinged with anti semit-
ism, due to the many foreigners
and Chilean Jews who held posi-
tions of responsibility. We frigd to
resist during the first few d a y s
but it became impossible. In a
sense we were defeated from the
start because of the many politi-
cal mistakes that we made. Al-
though the conclusions are dear
for those who want to see them,
we are also working on a critical
and auto-critical political analysis
of the three Popular Unity govern-
ment years that led to this defeat.
AS FOR MYSELF, I returned to
Chile on Sept. 5, six days before
the coup, so that I hardly h ad
time to get settled when all the hell
broke loose. I was free making
contacts until the 17th. On the af-
ternoon of that day I found my-
self alone - some of my com-
rades had been killed, others were
arrested, others I had lost con-
tact with. I could not return to
my apartment. I'was alone andmy
accent denounced me excessively
so that I decided to ask asylum
in a foreign embassy. We were
flown out the next week. Except
for a few pieces of clothing, I've
lost everything - most of my
books burned and all of my per-
sonal belongings left in Chile. Our
state is one of rage and frustra-
tion - we have definitely been
marked by these four weeks.
Here are a couple of things I
must ask you to do:
Denounce and agitate as much
as you can, everything that you
can, the best way you can about
what is going on in Chile, about the
fascist nature of the junta, about
the terror and the xenophobia. Try
to work organically with other or-
ganizations, but denounce, de-
nounce - only by doing it may we
be able to save some lives.
TRY TO RAISE some funds-we
desperately need money. There are
many comrades whose wives and
husbands and children are still in
Chile and we need money to take
them out for they may be used as
hostages.
Local checks can be sent to the
Chilean Support Coalition, 523 S.
Fourth Ave. Money will he used
to help people trying to get out
of Chile and to assist those already
in exile.
Letters to The Daily should
be mailed to the Editorial Di-
rector or delivered torMary
Raffertyrin the Student Pub-
lications business office in the
Michigan Daily building. Letters
should be typed, double-spaced
and normally should not exceed
.250 words. The Editorial Direc-
tors reserve the right to edit
dll letters submitted.
4
41
4
I
Prisoner waits
for
"infallible
THE PRESIDENT SHOVED through
Congress crime control legislation
which gave police the right to conduct
"no-knock" entries into the homes of pri-
vate citizens suspected of wrongdoing in
Washington D.C. The precedent of this
law and the general atmosphere in the
Nixon administration led to countless
outrageous incidents throughout the
country in which innocent citizens were
terrorized by callous and often brutal
law-enforcement agents who broke into
their homes with no justification..
Nixon mandated the wholesale destruc-
tion of the Office of Economic- Opportun-
ity against the will of Congress, actions
which were later ruled illegal in federal
courts. He has also waged a general war
against nearly all attempts at social pro-
gress in this country.
The President appointed to top gov-
ernment positions officials who have ad-
mitted to various illegal activities, been
indicted for others and have been ac-
cused of perpetrating more.
O THOSE WHO would argue that the
President is not responsible for the
actions of his subordinates, we can only
reply that such a notion is absurd, and
quote James Madison, speaking to the
first Congress of the United States:
The President is, "in a peculiar man-
ner, responsible for their conduct, and
subject to impeachment himself, if he
suffers them to perpetrate with impunity
high crimes or misdemeanors against the
United States, or neglects to superintend
their conduct, to check their excesses."
The President has not checked the "ex-
cesses" of his aides but has tolerated
them and perhaps aided them. He with-
holds evidence that could very well be
important in bringing people guilty of
crimes to justice.
As Cox stated, the responsibility to keep
a government of laws and not of men-
By JAMES WECHSLER
WILLIAM ANTHONY Maynard
arose in the Tombs at about
7 p.m. yesterday to begin his
?th day in prison. But oo this
day, as on a few others during
nearly six years of internment -~
he was initially jailed on Oct. 27,
1967 - he had some sense of ex-
pectancy about the hours ahead.
At 10 a.m. he was scheduled to be
brought to a courtroom at 10
Centre St. for final arguments in
the evidentiary proceedings being
conducted by Acting Supreme
Court Justice Irving Lang on de-
fense motions for a new trial.
As the time for the hearing
arrived, there was no move to
call him. In the courtroom his sis-
ter, Valerie, and numerous sym-
pathizers filled the spectator
benches. The judge, informed by a
Corection Dept. officer that May-
nard had refused to leave his cell,
adjourned the hearing until 2 p.m.
At 11 o'clock Maynard managed
to telephone his attorney, Lewis
Steel to find out what had happen-
ed. At that moment Steel was still
at the courthouse waiting to see
Maynard. They were finally
brought together at 11:30 a.m.
SO THE PRISONER had endur-
ed one more senseless torment of
suspense andsfrustration at the
hands of a prison bureaucracy that
is apparently beyond judicial re-
monstrance.
With some interruptions caused
by the pressure of other business
on the court calendar, the henring
that began at 2 lasted until a few
minutes after 5. Justice Lang then
announced that he would accept
supplementary legalndocuments
and hand down his ruling on Nov.
12. That will be the 38th birthday
of "Tony" Maynard, who was a
31-year-old aspiring actor, thea-
tricel agent, civil rights activist
and friend of such figures of dis-
tinction as William Styron a n d
James Baldwin when he was sud-
denly jailed in the senseless pre-
dawn killing of a Marine sergeant
in Greenwich Village.
PERHAPS THE coincidence of
dates accentuated the sadness of
yesterday's scenes. How m u c h
longer will it take for justice to
catch- up with this 'wrong man"
tragedy? It has been no secret to
any who visit this space that I
have been long persuaded of May-
nard'ssinnocence;rthat belief has
been steadily fortified by many
developments both preceeding and
following his conviction in 1971 (af-
ter two previous prosecutions end-
ed in a hung jury and a brief mis-
trial). Two of five judges in the
Appellate Division found griev-
iously prejudicial errors insthe con-
duct of the trial that led to his con-
viction; the other three unconscion-
ably evaded all but one of the
issues raised by the dissenters.
What was essentially being ar-
gued in yesterday's session was
whether the defense had been
denied access to vital information
and clues that might have decis-
ively altered the course of the
trial. During most of the proceed-
ing defense attorney Steel ampli-
fied his contention that he was fat-
allyshampered by the failure of the
DA's office to comply with a court
ruling to make crucial material
available.
ONE EXAMPLE: not until mid-
way in the trial did he learn that
the police had questioned an eye-
witness whose description. of the
alleged slayer was utterly at var-
iance with Maynard's appearance.
By the time Steel learned of the
existence of the witness, he had
vanished from the city.
Quietly and earnestly, Steel cit-
ed this and numerous other mat-
ters to support his charge that the
Manhattan DA's ofice has sought
to perpetuate an initial injustice -
based on a fatal misjudgment -
rather than risk exposure of its
fallibility.
With each day Maynard has re-
mained in prison, that self-protec-
tive instinct has grown more in-
tense. Now confession of error
would involve an acknowledge-
ment that he has be -a robbed of
nearly six years of his life.
SO YESTERDAY the prosecution
spokesmen clung steadfastly to
narrow, technical ground. They did
not look Maynard's way often, if
at all. They were unresponsive to
Steel's plea that the quest for
truth - and the belated liberation
of a wronged man - should be a
primary preoccupation of both the
bench and the representatives of
justice
"The People," as well as the de-
fense. They insisced their office
had committed no vulnerable legal
offense. In a fleeting human mo-
ment, Asst. DA Juris Cederbaums
said he resented stiggestions that
he was lacking in a sense of jus-
tice.
As he spoke I recalled that it
was he who had successfully fought
at the Aug. 30 proceeding for a
six-week delay to permit him to
take a vacation. Dd he ever count
the prison hours Maynard would
have to endure while h,1 rested?
Justice Lang may confront many
complex problems of law as a
result of the blunders and coward-
ice of others. At least he had the
valor to look with troubled eyes
at Maynard as he listened to
Steel's appeal for humanity in the
law.
James Wechsler is editorial
page director of the New York
Post. Copyright 1973 -The
New York Post Corporation.
4
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