Seventieth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
"When Opinions Are Free
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
ESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: CAROL LEVENTEN
Prof. Goldberg victim
Of University, State Problems
WHAT MAKES a Leo Goldberg leave the
University? Some faculty members go for
academic promotion, seeking a professorship or
higher salary at another school. But a man like
Prof. Goldberg has position- as chairman of
the astronomy department- and it may be
assumed that salary is a relatively unimportant
consideration for him.
When a man like this leaves the University,
the reasons for his resignation are more than
routine. They are a direct criticism of the
University.
Prof. Goldberg declines to say why he is
leaving. But one can guess, probably pretty
accurately.
HE IS A department chairman. As such he
bears the anxieties of running a department
so that its faculty members will be provided for
and its students well taught. He must also try
to maintain his department at the head of its
field.
Prof. Goldberg has been continually frustrated
in his efforts to realize these goals. Faculty
mnembe's in astronomy are housed in a tiny
observatory. They desks overflow into the halls,
and are uncomfortably tucked away in nooks
and corners of the oddly-shaped building.
A new physics and astronomy building has
been requested from the legislature for five
years. Its plans are completed. The University
was ready to build in 1957, but the Legislature
was not. No funds have been appropriated yet,
and consequently teaching and research condi-
tions for the astronomers have not improved.
OF THE SPACE restrictions put upon his de-
partment, Prof. Goldberg has been very
much aware. He has agitated repeatedly for
improvements and has been so badly frustrated
Sick Man
OH, LET IT DIE.
This seemed to be the most merciful thing
that you could do to the fine old Michigan
tradition, J-Hop. In the past when a Michigan
man would sell his soul and even his meal
ticket in order to finance a ticket to the big
dance, there was justification for its existence.
But now as the dancing floor used becomes
Smaller every year and still the assorted sport
coats, tuxes and blue suits find more and more
space in which to dance, its continued drain on
SGC's funds serves no just purpose.
Its primary problem was summed up by a
Junior who had just been to his second; and
professed last J-Hop, "I liked it when I was a
freshman, but now it is only another dance."
About 23,960 students feel the same way.
After a second look at the patient, it appears
we don't have to worry, it seems to have died
from internal injuries.
-KENNETH McELDOWNEY
MAX LERNER:
How Big
BOMBAY - The victory over Communism in
the Kerala elections can now be assessed
niore fully from the latest returns. The Com-
mnists and their allies are unlikely to get more
than 30 out of the 120 legislative seats while
their United Front opponents get over 90. The
Communists are thus cut down to less than
half the seats they had in 1957.
There is a disquieting aspect of the vote
which I fear many° American commentators
may miss in their anxiety to see only the glow-
ing colors of the Democratic victory.
It is the increase in the Communist vote be-
tween the two elections by more than a million
-from 2.3 million to almost 3.5 million. Even
more important, the increase in the Communist
percentage of the total vote (counting the so-
called independent candidates allied to them),
is from roughly 39 per cent to more than 42
per cant
W HAT THIS amounts to is that the hard
core of Comunist supporters in Kerala is
a good deal bigger than it was in the 1957
period; also that the Communist Party emerges
in sheer numerical terms as the most important
in Kerala, even though the Congress Party has
almost a safe majority of the legislative seats.
The contradiction is not hard to resolve.
What has happened is summed up in two
changes. First, a sharpening of the battle lines
between Communist supporters and anti-Com-
munists, which pushed many non-party pro-
Communists over the line, while it also brought
some democratic waverers more clearly over
Editorial Staff
THOMAS TURNER. Editor
by lack of success that in his statement of
resignation he said: "Certainly the inability of
the state to provide badly needed facilities has
frustrated what appears to be an exceptional
opportunity for the University to ..achieve top
rank in astronomy but my views on this matter
have been frequently stated and are already
well known."
What is a man to do when he runs into a
brick wall time after time when he tries to do
his job as head of a department?
And Prof. Goldberg is more than an admin-
istrator. He is a top space scientist. He needs
the research facilities to work on problems such
as lethal effects of the sun's radiation on a
man in a space satellite
When Gov. Williams first suggested Prof.
Goldberg might leave he attributed it to lack
of money available "for needed research tools."
The Ann Arbor News guessed the "needed tool"
is a synchro-cyclotron which splits atoms and,
simulates the power of the sun's rays. The
University does not have one. Apparently Har-
vard, where it seems the Professor is going,
does.
If it is true the University lacks this facility,
or others needed for his research, it is Prof.
Goldbreg's duty to his work to seek out a place
where he can continue his studies.
Perhaps he has also found his administrative
duties have left little time for his research. A
scientist could object to that.
ONE MORE factor seems to play a part in
Prof. Goldberg's decision. He has been
troubled by Michigan's political battles, as were
many other professors who have been termed
"faculty losses" since the state made it evident
last year it was not sure where the next penny
would come from.
Ironically, the resignation itself has been
tossed around in the political football game.
The Governor blamed the Legislature for not
appropriating funds for the facilities Prof.
Goldberg needed. The legislators in turn
blamed the University for not saying how badly
the facilities were needed. University officials
pointed out the physics and astronomy build-
ing was high on the list of needed construc-
tion, along with buildings needed just as
badly.
Prof. Goldberg was forced to say: "In view of
statements already made in the press, it is clear
that if I were to make public my reasons for
leaving the University of Michigan the result
would be to sharpen further the political dis-
sension that has already caused so much dam-
age to the University of Michigan and to the
state."
So Prof. Goldberg resigned. University and
state troubles blocked him everywhere he
turned trying to do his job-trying to be the
conscientious administrator and first-rate sci-
entist he is.
--NAN MARKEL
a Victory
into the anti-Communist camp. Second, the
United Front Alliance, by eliminating the
three- and four-cornered contests which had
enabled the Communists to win legislative seats
with voting minorities, gave them a bad trounc-
ing in the distribution of actual seats.
The Indian papers quote an American col-
umnist on the election results as saying "This
shows the Indian people are not fooled by
Communist promises." Alas, it shows nothing
of the sort. Surely it is some sort of blind wish-
fulness to focus on the legislative victory and
ignore the distribution of votes. Actually, a
larger percentage of the Indian people in Ker-
ala than before were fooled by the Communist
promises.
W HATEVER the cheery formal statements of
Sanjiva Reddy and other Congress Party
leaders, they have to face the harsh fact that
even the Chinese Communist border aggres-
sion and the betrayal of Indian nationalism by
the Indian Communists did not succeed in cut-
ting the Communist percentage of total Ker-
ala votes.
In several earlier columns, I gave my own
view that the current Russian state visit to
India and the headlines accorded the speeches
of Voroshilov, Kozlov and Madame Fortseva
during the Kerala campaign would bolster the
Communist vote. I am sorry that this guess
proved right.
What the Kerala election results chiefly show
is that wherever and whenever the Democratic
parties unite, despite their differences, and
strengthen their common battle line against
the Communists, they can prevent their taking
power in any state government, and then also
give their own followers a sense of purpose
otherwise sadly lacking in India today.
FOR THE FIRST TIME since the Indian
people achieved their independence of Brit-
By THOMAS HAYDEN
Daily Staff Writer
PREE YEARS as a student at
the University hardly repre-
sent enough background for a
critical analysis of its adminis-
trators,
A critique of the administra-
tion must therefore have its weak-
nesses. The feelings arising from
five semesters here are to some
degree impressionistic, based as
they are on a number of discon-
nected conversations with vari-
ous men of the University.
It would be foolish to claim that
the local administration is down-
right bad. If assessed in relation
to other schools, this administra-
tionuis perhaps excellent.
But since "other schools" may
be an inadequate criterion, and
since certain deficiencies exist
here which receive scanty atten-
tion, a critique may be of some
value.
A UNIVERSITY, like other or-
ganizations, requires a certain
unity. It is organic, a total of in-
terrelated parts, demanding co-
ordination, direction and leader-
ship. This University has failed to
achieve the proper degree of unity.
A number of factors are in-
volved in the lack of direction.
First is the increased size of the
institution resulting in a steady
fragmentation. A rising enroll-
ment not only demands more
scholars~(teachers) but also more
non-scholars, administrative and/
or service personnel, whose chief
dedication is not to intellectual
pursuits. This, of course, leads to
greater complexity of organiza-
tion. Something like 250 separate
administrative compartments now
exist at the University.
As this fragmentation develops,
the roles of administrator, teach-
er, and student become gradually
divorced. The often-used term
"University community" becomes
meaningless, for surely "commu-
nity" implies a stimulating inter-
relationship among its parts. But
no real consonance exists, and
consequently the "community" ex-
ists here only as a verbal habit.
SUCH fragmentation can be
deleterious. Most administrators
knew nothing of the curtailed li-
brary hours last fall until they
read about it in The Daily. Deans
in the literary college are hard-
pressed to know anything in the
minds of deans elsewhere. Coi-
partmentalization contributes to
lack of communication among
scholars in separate disciplines.
However, fragmentation at this
University helps to prevent the
development of any such "distinc-
tive" atmosphere. The University
is "cosmopolitan" and offers
"quality education," but neither
are distinctive, or even stressed,
characteristics.
What is badly needed is not
only better communicative devices,
but better co-ordination, better
administration, better leadership.
Lincoln's words are particularly
appropriate for this University:
"If we can first know where we
are, and whither we are tending,
we can better judge what to do
and how to do it."
THE FACULTY member today
can hardly be a real scholar and
provide the essential type of lead-
ership at the same time. The fac-
ulty as a whole can "lead" the
University in important ways, by
setting rigorous standards and
nourishing a climate of academic
excellence. But the burden of ac-
tual day-to-day direction falls
more and more on the adminis-
trator. He must be co-ordinator,
fund-raiser, public speaker, and a
moral and intellectual leader as
well.
Such versatility is not the case
here. The administrator of this
University comes dangerously
close to what Robert Maynard
Hutchins calls an "office-holder,"
a man with a title and a drab
daily function to perform. It is all
too easy for one to run through
the daily routine and feel an ade-
quate, if not brilliant, job has been
done; And if one is enmeshed in
paper work, it is difficult to no-
tice the direction in which a uni-
versity is heading.
Because of their load of other
duties, high-level administrators
here cannot afford the time to in-
volve themselves deeply in aca-
demic problems. Ultimately they
become more and more preoccu-
pied with routines, public rela-
tions and fund-raising, with the
mechanical functioning of the
University, not with the reasons
for its existence.
The commonly-used rebuttal to
these arguments is the strange
statement that the University ad-
ministration is "decentralized:"
the deans of each college are al-
legedly the real academic leaders,
rather than the President and the
Dean of Faculties.
But this argument leaves too
many questions unanswered. Who
leads the deans? Are they going
16 directions at once without
guidance or any central purpose
(beyond the aggrandizement of
LEADERSHIP IN ACTION: THE UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION ASSEMBLED
necessary for that pursuit. Even-
tually, the University seems to run
either for the sake of running, or
for the sake of prestige.
But at various stages of its de-
velopment, the common aims
must be reconsidered. If this Uni-
versity moves in a certain direc-
tion, for example toward a scien-
tific orientation, as now seems to
be the case, it should be because
we have considered our goals and
decided that science is the single
most important contribution we
can make to civilization.
However, it often seems that the
University is moving toward sci-
ence because it exists in an in-
dustry-business-science oriented
state where the Legislature is un-
happy with heavy liberal arts cur-
ricula. If such is the case, and it
seems to be, then this University
is being managed in terms of the
present social atmosphere.
* * *
THE GAME of acting in accord-
ance with the prevailing atmos-
phere is called public relations.
Whether or not it is proper to act
in such a way is a question of im-
mense implications. To answer it
requires a definition of the Uni-
versity's role in civilization.
What is that role?
A university must be the es-
sence of a civilization's highest
aspirations and ideals. It is the
vessel of all art and science, of in-
tellectual and moral integrity, the
preserver of the insights of so-
cieties long dead, the living forum
of every great mind in history.
The object of any university
would not seem to be the preser-
vation of the status quo. Rather,
it should be the improvement of
human conditions and the clari-
fication of human aims. If this is
the aim, then a university must
try to improve the environment in
which it operates, rather than
preserve, or sanctify it. Inevitably
a university must engage in criti-
cism of existing practices. If it is
conservative, it ignores one of its
finest functions.
For administrators to believe
otherwise would be unfortunate.
But too often they do. They may
be more geared to the Legislature,
or Detroit industry, or public re-
sponse, than to the aims of a uni-
versity.
SYMPTOMATIC of this atti-
tude is the dangerous belief that
the greatest challenge to higher
education is basically financial.
The January issue of "The Michi-
gan Alumnus" includes an im-
portant article by Administrative
Dean Robert Williams on the very
subject, entitled "Michigan Faces
the Current Challenge to Educa-
tion."
Beyond the nation-wide chal-
lenges inherent in rising student
numbers and low teachers' sal-
aries, Williams says the real chal-
lenge for this University is to
make itself "understood." It must
prove to the people that "the Uni-
versity of Michigan is well man-
aged and receives at least $1
worth of service for every $1 spent
on behalfeof the students, the
state and other agencies . . .' It
must, in short, make sure its
"alumni and friends have a com-
plete understanding of our prob-
lems, our needs, and our re-
sources."
All this is true, of course, but
at the same time it illustrates an
often fervent administrative con-
cern with money and public opin-
ion.
A university, as already suggest-
ed, has more basic aims than fi-
nancial ones. The administrator,
however, becomes so involved with
finance that the long-range phil-
osophies are not given proper at-
tention..
* * *
WITH A CONCERN over money
and public opinion, a conservatism
-or better, lack of dynamism --~
results. Often the administration's
policy seems to be: If you must be
dynamic, be so reluctantly.
Examples of this attitude are
numerous. The attitude taken by
the administration toward Ann.
Arbor's proposed professional the-
atre has been hesitant. The plan
represents a gamble; the result
could be either failure or a tre-
mendous cultural advance. The
sity is not wholly justified in ac-
cepting the loans simply because
it "needs the funds." All that can
be concluded is that the Univer-
sity is not as free-wheeling as
other American institutions.
* * *
THE AREA of discrimination
provides other illustrations. Last
April, for Instance, the University
removed the controversial phot-
graph requirements from women's
dormitory applications. Campus
liberal elements had claimed for
years that the requirement was
discriminatory and useless. When
the Unversity finally took action
-admittedly with some anxiety-
the Office of Student Affairs ex-
pected a barrage of protesting let-
ters from parents. The result? Al-
most none were received. This is
not simply an instance of Uni-
versity conservatism.
Sensitivity to public response
had led to unfounded fears of
repercussion.
The same is generally true of
the the administration's broad at-
titude toward discrimination. This
institution has hardly been in the
front ranks of American colleges
working to eliminate so-called
bias clauses in fraternities and
sororities. For years the responsi-
bility for action was given to stu-
dents, and when the students
came up with "liberal" decisions
(in 1949, 1951, 1958) the admin-
istration reversed them.
THE ADMINISTRATION has
been treated thus far in unfriend-
ly terms. It has been charged with
not providing the leadership
necessary for a great university. It
prefers to reflect society, rather
than challenge it. It pays too
much heed to public relations and
financial needs. It is overly con-
servative. Its immersion in paro-
chial details has led to the blur-
ring of primary goals. It falls short
of providing the proper climate of
learning. It rates itself against
other schools, rather than against
an "ideal university."
All this cannot be asserted
without some acknowledgement
of the difficulties besetting an ad-
ministrator. There is no doubt but
that the administrator's job is a
thankless one. If he moves, he ir-
ritates someone. And this being a.
public university, the problems are
compounded by dependence on the
Legislature for much of the fi-
nancing. "He has many ways to
lose and no way to win" - is a
slight overstatement but illus.'
trates the real problems of col-
lege administrators.
Regardless of the pressures, the
administrators must choose and
pursue a certain role. That role
involves two partially conflicting
obligations to be both dynamic
and passive. As a dynamic leader,
he must set the intellectual tenor
of the University. Without con-
tinual rededication to scholarly
excellence, and without strong
leadership the University will con-
tinue to be a muddled congeries
without central direction.
THE ADMINISTRATOR must
also carry the image of his univer-
sity to the public. He must make
straight the path to the "end" for
faculty and students. Even before
this he must work deliberately to
define and clarify that end, and
perpetually keep it before the
teacher, student and citizen. He
must be almost obnoxious at
times: he must question the dis-
graces of his society; he must in-
sist that the faculty take a hard
look at what might no longer be
useful in the pattern of instruc-
tion; he must prod the student
out of intellectual languor and
superfluous activities.
At the same time the adminis-
trator is obliged to be a servant-
an essentially passive role. He
must allow the maximum degree
of freedom for the thinking pro-
cess. He must serve the faculty by
providing a climate in which they
can follow their scholarly inter-
ests with freedom and without
fear of recrimination. He must
also serve the student creating a
climate in which student respon-
sibility can be developed to the
utmost.
In carrying out these roles, the
administrator will forever be per-
would be at one extreme, utter
leniency at the other. The admin-
istration has to exist in the ten-
sion between.
The intense demands placed on
the administrator by his some-
times conflicting roles still do not
excuse him from his mistakes. For
when a mistake is made, its ef-
fect on the University may be im-
measurable.
* * *
NOW AND IN the future, the
administrator here will hold a
triple responsibility: to the teach-
er, the student, and to himself.
He should treat the faculty as
the -keystone of the University,
usually bend to their wishes, par-
ticularly regarding research and
curriculum. But at the same time,
he must remain concerned with
academic matters himself, and
have the perception to notice
stagnation and outmoded tradi-
tions among his faculty.
He must take extreme care with
regard to the student body. What
needs to be created here is a cli-
mate of responsibility, both for
intellectual activity, and also for
normal student affairs. Student
regulations should be constantly,
reappraised with this latter end
in sight. The. University should
avoid becoming a "purveyor of
security worship."
In the writing of its regulations,
It should avoid the assumption
that the student is childish or
criminal by nature. If the Univer-
sity fails to challenge, the student
will usually fail to respond.
Ultimately the administrator
has a certain responsibility to
himself as an educator. The chal-
lenge he faces is not simply one of
finance or of operational efficien-
cy. If this University is going to
continue to expand, if it is to at-
tract new genius while retaining
the old, if it is truly to be the
"Athens of the Midwest," then
the administrator must realize he
is not simply trying to maintain
a position among the top 15 col-
leges and universities in America.
That will not do.
Instead of attempting to stay
ahead of the University of Cali-
fornia and within sight of the
supposedly "halo" schools of the
East, the administration should
strive for an ideal. That ideal,
however, must first be defined.
Without definition or direction, a
university fails in its finest func-
tions. The responsibility for that
defintion lies with the adminis-
trators.
'':
AT HILL AUDITORIUM:
Dorati Program
Features Sessions,
TrHE MINNEAPOLIS Symphony Orchestra, under the direction of
Antal Dorati, opened last night's concert with a rousing reading of
Beethoven's "Prometheus Overture."
The Haydn "Symphony No. 1 (Clock)" followed. The orchestra sound
was too thick for Haydn's crystaline score, but this was due to shabby
string intonation and articulation rather than the over-large orchestra.
Gunther Schuller is a fine French 'horn player with considerable
imagination in his scoring with orchestral timbres. Here the. praise
comes to an end. The "Seven Studies on Themes of Paul Klee" are
moderately short orchestral picture-pieces with ideas brorowed liber-
Im nistration: A
Criti qu
I
ally from the' Schonberg "Five
Pieces" and the Webern "Six
Pieces" (both written over forty
years ago) and the stock devices
of Warner Brothers film scores.
* * *
MOST OF THE musical ges-
tures of this work are overstated
and repeated to the extreme.
What are clever devices on first
hearing will be gimmicks on later
hearings. At times, as in "Die
Zwitschermaschine,"~ the sound
effects are dangerously close to
obscenity for obscenity's sake.
The audience's reaction to the
Schuller "Studies" bears this out.
Schuller undoubtedly expects this
work to be taken at least as seri-
ously as the Klee pictures, but the
audience took them as a droll hu-
morous entertainment. Even the
"eerie, unearthly, and terrifying"
piece "Die unheimlicher Moment"
got its laughs.
The "Symphony No. 4" of Roger
Sessions is a mature and impres-
sive accomplishment. Its invigor-
ating, complex sounds (descend-
ents of the music of Ives and Carl
Ruggles) are consistent with the
language of Sessions' previous
symphonies and are handled with
firm mastery.
THIS SYMPHONY, as all of
Sessions' work, is difficult - very
difficult -to comprehend at a
first hearing. Perhaps it should
have been performed twice 'on the
same program. Both the audience
and the orchestra would have
fared better. The performance
was obscured byvery, bad intona-
tion in all of therstring sections.
The problem was not that the in-
struments were out of tune, but
that the players had difficulty
hearing the wide and chromatic
intervals (a problem for the per-
formers rather than the conductor
or composer to solve).
Compliments are in order, how-
ever, for the fine solo violin play-
ing of the concertmaster and the
exceptional solo and ensemble
playing of the woodwinds and
brass.
The concert ended with per-
formances of De Falla, Wagner,
AT CAMPUS:
Camera,
I nsigh
'M TEMPTED to give "The
Cranes Are Flying" a blanket
recommendation and let it go at
that. Insofar as its photography
is concerned, it is undeniably one
of the better'and certainly one of
the more ambitious films to have
passed this way in some time. In
"Cranes" certain techniques usu-
ally associated with only experi-
mental films become the rum
rather than the exception. At
times such brilliant camera ar-
tistry is almost too dazzling.
This film didn't strike me quite
as deeply emotionally as it seems
to have struck others, but this of
course is a personal and precari-
ous thing. From overhearing vari-
ous comments, I feel obligated to
say that it evidently is not lack-
ing in emotional impact.
BRIEFLY, the plot concerns
two lovers, Veronica and Boris,
whose plans for marriage are dis-
rupted by the outbreak of the sec-
ond world war, and by Boris' com-
pulsion to volunteer. He does, and
is sent to the front. After Veron-
ica's parents are killed in an air-
raid, she is taken in by Boris' fam-
ily and falls under the sensual
spell of Mark, Boris' artistic
brother who had been exempted
from the draft.
Against her feeling that she
must remain in love with Boris,
Veronica falls in love with Mark,
and they are married despite the
inevitable censure from the fam-
ily. Boris is killed at the front,
and although neither the family
nor Veronica discover this until
the last days of the war, she re-
mains half in love with Boris
whom she believes mpust be alive;
she can never forgive her unfaith-
fulness, and is nearly driven to
suicide by guilt feelings.