Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 "When Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. ESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: CAROL LEVENTEN Prof. Goldberg victim Of University, State Problems WHAT MAKES a Leo Goldberg leave the University? Some faculty members go for academic promotion, seeking a professorship or higher salary at another school. But a man like Prof. Goldberg has position- as chairman of the astronomy department- and it may be assumed that salary is a relatively unimportant consideration for him. When a man like this leaves the University, the reasons for his resignation are more than routine. They are a direct criticism of the University. Prof. Goldberg declines to say why he is leaving. But one can guess, probably pretty accurately. HE IS A department chairman. As such he bears the anxieties of running a department so that its faculty members will be provided for and its students well taught. He must also try to maintain his department at the head of its field. Prof. Goldberg has been continually frustrated in his efforts to realize these goals. Faculty mnembe's in astronomy are housed in a tiny observatory. They desks overflow into the halls, and are uncomfortably tucked away in nooks and corners of the oddly-shaped building. A new physics and astronomy building has been requested from the legislature for five years. Its plans are completed. The University was ready to build in 1957, but the Legislature was not. No funds have been appropriated yet, and consequently teaching and research condi- tions for the astronomers have not improved. OF THE SPACE restrictions put upon his de- partment, Prof. Goldberg has been very much aware. He has agitated repeatedly for improvements and has been so badly frustrated Sick Man OH, LET IT DIE. This seemed to be the most merciful thing that you could do to the fine old Michigan tradition, J-Hop. In the past when a Michigan man would sell his soul and even his meal ticket in order to finance a ticket to the big dance, there was justification for its existence. But now as the dancing floor used becomes Smaller every year and still the assorted sport coats, tuxes and blue suits find more and more space in which to dance, its continued drain on SGC's funds serves no just purpose. Its primary problem was summed up by a Junior who had just been to his second; and professed last J-Hop, "I liked it when I was a freshman, but now it is only another dance." About 23,960 students feel the same way. After a second look at the patient, it appears we don't have to worry, it seems to have died from internal injuries. -KENNETH McELDOWNEY MAX LERNER: How Big BOMBAY - The victory over Communism in the Kerala elections can now be assessed niore fully from the latest returns. The Com- mnists and their allies are unlikely to get more than 30 out of the 120 legislative seats while their United Front opponents get over 90. The Communists are thus cut down to less than half the seats they had in 1957. There is a disquieting aspect of the vote which I fear many° American commentators may miss in their anxiety to see only the glow- ing colors of the Democratic victory. It is the increase in the Communist vote be- tween the two elections by more than a million -from 2.3 million to almost 3.5 million. Even more important, the increase in the Communist percentage of the total vote (counting the so- called independent candidates allied to them), is from roughly 39 per cent to more than 42 per cant W HAT THIS amounts to is that the hard core of Comunist supporters in Kerala is a good deal bigger than it was in the 1957 period; also that the Communist Party emerges in sheer numerical terms as the most important in Kerala, even though the Congress Party has almost a safe majority of the legislative seats. The contradiction is not hard to resolve. What has happened is summed up in two changes. First, a sharpening of the battle lines between Communist supporters and anti-Com- munists, which pushed many non-party pro- Communists over the line, while it also brought some democratic waverers more clearly over Editorial Staff THOMAS TURNER. Editor by lack of success that in his statement of resignation he said: "Certainly the inability of the state to provide badly needed facilities has frustrated what appears to be an exceptional opportunity for the University to ..achieve top rank in astronomy but my views on this matter have been frequently stated and are already well known." What is a man to do when he runs into a brick wall time after time when he tries to do his job as head of a department? And Prof. Goldberg is more than an admin- istrator. He is a top space scientist. He needs the research facilities to work on problems such as lethal effects of the sun's radiation on a man in a space satellite When Gov. Williams first suggested Prof. Goldberg might leave he attributed it to lack of money available "for needed research tools." The Ann Arbor News guessed the "needed tool" is a synchro-cyclotron which splits atoms and, simulates the power of the sun's rays. The University does not have one. Apparently Har- vard, where it seems the Professor is going, does. If it is true the University lacks this facility, or others needed for his research, it is Prof. Goldbreg's duty to his work to seek out a place where he can continue his studies. Perhaps he has also found his administrative duties have left little time for his research. A scientist could object to that. ONE MORE factor seems to play a part in Prof. Goldberg's decision. He has been troubled by Michigan's political battles, as were many other professors who have been termed "faculty losses" since the state made it evident last year it was not sure where the next penny would come from. Ironically, the resignation itself has been tossed around in the political football game. The Governor blamed the Legislature for not appropriating funds for the facilities Prof. Goldberg needed. The legislators in turn blamed the University for not saying how badly the facilities were needed. University officials pointed out the physics and astronomy build- ing was high on the list of needed construc- tion, along with buildings needed just as badly. Prof. Goldberg was forced to say: "In view of statements already made in the press, it is clear that if I were to make public my reasons for leaving the University of Michigan the result would be to sharpen further the political dis- sension that has already caused so much dam- age to the University of Michigan and to the state." So Prof. Goldberg resigned. University and state troubles blocked him everywhere he turned trying to do his job-trying to be the conscientious administrator and first-rate sci- entist he is. --NAN MARKEL a Victory into the anti-Communist camp. Second, the United Front Alliance, by eliminating the three- and four-cornered contests which had enabled the Communists to win legislative seats with voting minorities, gave them a bad trounc- ing in the distribution of actual seats. The Indian papers quote an American col- umnist on the election results as saying "This shows the Indian people are not fooled by Communist promises." Alas, it shows nothing of the sort. Surely it is some sort of blind wish- fulness to focus on the legislative victory and ignore the distribution of votes. Actually, a larger percentage of the Indian people in Ker- ala than before were fooled by the Communist promises. W HATEVER the cheery formal statements of Sanjiva Reddy and other Congress Party leaders, they have to face the harsh fact that even the Chinese Communist border aggres- sion and the betrayal of Indian nationalism by the Indian Communists did not succeed in cut- ting the Communist percentage of total Ker- ala votes. In several earlier columns, I gave my own view that the current Russian state visit to India and the headlines accorded the speeches of Voroshilov, Kozlov and Madame Fortseva during the Kerala campaign would bolster the Communist vote. I am sorry that this guess proved right. What the Kerala election results chiefly show is that wherever and whenever the Democratic parties unite, despite their differences, and strengthen their common battle line against the Communists, they can prevent their taking power in any state government, and then also give their own followers a sense of purpose otherwise sadly lacking in India today. FOR THE FIRST TIME since the Indian people achieved their independence of Brit- By THOMAS HAYDEN Daily Staff Writer PREE YEARS as a student at the University hardly repre- sent enough background for a critical analysis of its adminis- trators, A critique of the administra- tion must therefore have its weak- nesses. The feelings arising from five semesters here are to some degree impressionistic, based as they are on a number of discon- nected conversations with vari- ous men of the University. It would be foolish to claim that the local administration is down- right bad. If assessed in relation to other schools, this administra- tionuis perhaps excellent. But since "other schools" may be an inadequate criterion, and since certain deficiencies exist here which receive scanty atten- tion, a critique may be of some value. A UNIVERSITY, like other or- ganizations, requires a certain unity. It is organic, a total of in- terrelated parts, demanding co- ordination, direction and leader- ship. This University has failed to achieve the proper degree of unity. A number of factors are in- volved in the lack of direction. First is the increased size of the institution resulting in a steady fragmentation. A rising enroll- ment not only demands more scholars~(teachers) but also more non-scholars, administrative and/ or service personnel, whose chief dedication is not to intellectual pursuits. This, of course, leads to greater complexity of organiza- tion. Something like 250 separate administrative compartments now exist at the University. As this fragmentation develops, the roles of administrator, teach- er, and student become gradually divorced. The often-used term "University community" becomes meaningless, for surely "commu- nity" implies a stimulating inter- relationship among its parts. But no real consonance exists, and consequently the "community" ex- ists here only as a verbal habit. SUCH fragmentation can be deleterious. Most administrators knew nothing of the curtailed li- brary hours last fall until they read about it in The Daily. Deans in the literary college are hard- pressed to know anything in the minds of deans elsewhere. Coi- partmentalization contributes to lack of communication among scholars in separate disciplines. However, fragmentation at this University helps to prevent the development of any such "distinc- tive" atmosphere. The University is "cosmopolitan" and offers "quality education," but neither are distinctive, or even stressed, characteristics. What is badly needed is not only better communicative devices, but better co-ordination, better administration, better leadership. Lincoln's words are particularly appropriate for this University: "If we can first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we can better judge what to do and how to do it." THE FACULTY member today can hardly be a real scholar and provide the essential type of lead- ership at the same time. The fac- ulty as a whole can "lead" the University in important ways, by setting rigorous standards and nourishing a climate of academic excellence. But the burden of ac- tual day-to-day direction falls more and more on the adminis- trator. He must be co-ordinator, fund-raiser, public speaker, and a moral and intellectual leader as well. Such versatility is not the case here. The administrator of this University comes dangerously close to what Robert Maynard Hutchins calls an "office-holder," a man with a title and a drab daily function to perform. It is all too easy for one to run through the daily routine and feel an ade- quate, if not brilliant, job has been done; And if one is enmeshed in paper work, it is difficult to no- tice the direction in which a uni- versity is heading. Because of their load of other duties, high-level administrators here cannot afford the time to in- volve themselves deeply in aca- demic problems. Ultimately they become more and more preoccu- pied with routines, public rela- tions and fund-raising, with the mechanical functioning of the University, not with the reasons for its existence. The commonly-used rebuttal to these arguments is the strange statement that the University ad- ministration is "decentralized:" the deans of each college are al- legedly the real academic leaders, rather than the President and the Dean of Faculties. But this argument leaves too many questions unanswered. Who leads the deans? Are they going 16 directions at once without guidance or any central purpose (beyond the aggrandizement of LEADERSHIP IN ACTION: THE UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION ASSEMBLED necessary for that pursuit. Even- tually, the University seems to run either for the sake of running, or for the sake of prestige. But at various stages of its de- velopment, the common aims must be reconsidered. If this Uni- versity moves in a certain direc- tion, for example toward a scien- tific orientation, as now seems to be the case, it should be because we have considered our goals and decided that science is the single most important contribution we can make to civilization. However, it often seems that the University is moving toward sci- ence because it exists in an in- dustry-business-science oriented state where the Legislature is un- happy with heavy liberal arts cur- ricula. If such is the case, and it seems to be, then this University is being managed in terms of the present social atmosphere. * * * THE GAME of acting in accord- ance with the prevailing atmos- phere is called public relations. Whether or not it is proper to act in such a way is a question of im- mense implications. To answer it requires a definition of the Uni- versity's role in civilization. What is that role? A university must be the es- sence of a civilization's highest aspirations and ideals. It is the vessel of all art and science, of in- tellectual and moral integrity, the preserver of the insights of so- cieties long dead, the living forum of every great mind in history. The object of any university would not seem to be the preser- vation of the status quo. Rather, it should be the improvement of human conditions and the clari- fication of human aims. If this is the aim, then a university must try to improve the environment in which it operates, rather than preserve, or sanctify it. Inevitably a university must engage in criti- cism of existing practices. If it is conservative, it ignores one of its finest functions. For administrators to believe otherwise would be unfortunate. But too often they do. They may be more geared to the Legislature, or Detroit industry, or public re- sponse, than to the aims of a uni- versity. SYMPTOMATIC of this atti- tude is the dangerous belief that the greatest challenge to higher education is basically financial. The January issue of "The Michi- gan Alumnus" includes an im- portant article by Administrative Dean Robert Williams on the very subject, entitled "Michigan Faces the Current Challenge to Educa- tion." Beyond the nation-wide chal- lenges inherent in rising student numbers and low teachers' sal- aries, Williams says the real chal- lenge for this University is to make itself "understood." It must prove to the people that "the Uni- versity of Michigan is well man- aged and receives at least $1 worth of service for every $1 spent on behalfeof the students, the state and other agencies . . .' It must, in short, make sure its "alumni and friends have a com- plete understanding of our prob- lems, our needs, and our re- sources." All this is true, of course, but at the same time it illustrates an often fervent administrative con- cern with money and public opin- ion. A university, as already suggest- ed, has more basic aims than fi- nancial ones. The administrator, however, becomes so involved with finance that the long-range phil- osophies are not given proper at- tention.. * * * WITH A CONCERN over money and public opinion, a conservatism -or better, lack of dynamism --~ results. Often the administration's policy seems to be: If you must be dynamic, be so reluctantly. Examples of this attitude are numerous. The attitude taken by the administration toward Ann. Arbor's proposed professional the- atre has been hesitant. The plan represents a gamble; the result could be either failure or a tre- mendous cultural advance. The sity is not wholly justified in ac- cepting the loans simply because it "needs the funds." All that can be concluded is that the Univer- sity is not as free-wheeling as other American institutions. * * * THE AREA of discrimination provides other illustrations. Last April, for Instance, the University removed the controversial phot- graph requirements from women's dormitory applications. Campus liberal elements had claimed for years that the requirement was discriminatory and useless. When the Unversity finally took action -admittedly with some anxiety- the Office of Student Affairs ex- pected a barrage of protesting let- ters from parents. The result? Al- most none were received. This is not simply an instance of Uni- versity conservatism. Sensitivity to public response had led to unfounded fears of repercussion. The same is generally true of the the administration's broad at- titude toward discrimination. This institution has hardly been in the front ranks of American colleges working to eliminate so-called bias clauses in fraternities and sororities. For years the responsi- bility for action was given to stu- dents, and when the students came up with "liberal" decisions (in 1949, 1951, 1958) the admin- istration reversed them. THE ADMINISTRATION has been treated thus far in unfriend- ly terms. It has been charged with not providing the leadership necessary for a great university. It prefers to reflect society, rather than challenge it. It pays too much heed to public relations and financial needs. It is overly con- servative. Its immersion in paro- chial details has led to the blur- ring of primary goals. It falls short of providing the proper climate of learning. It rates itself against other schools, rather than against an "ideal university." All this cannot be asserted without some acknowledgement of the difficulties besetting an ad- ministrator. There is no doubt but that the administrator's job is a thankless one. If he moves, he ir- ritates someone. And this being a. public university, the problems are compounded by dependence on the Legislature for much of the fi- nancing. "He has many ways to lose and no way to win" - is a slight overstatement but illus.' trates the real problems of col- lege administrators. Regardless of the pressures, the administrators must choose and pursue a certain role. That role involves two partially conflicting obligations to be both dynamic and passive. As a dynamic leader, he must set the intellectual tenor of the University. Without con- tinual rededication to scholarly excellence, and without strong leadership the University will con- tinue to be a muddled congeries without central direction. THE ADMINISTRATOR must also carry the image of his univer- sity to the public. He must make straight the path to the "end" for faculty and students. Even before this he must work deliberately to define and clarify that end, and perpetually keep it before the teacher, student and citizen. He must be almost obnoxious at times: he must question the dis- graces of his society; he must in- sist that the faculty take a hard look at what might no longer be useful in the pattern of instruc- tion; he must prod the student out of intellectual languor and superfluous activities. At the same time the adminis- trator is obliged to be a servant- an essentially passive role. He must allow the maximum degree of freedom for the thinking pro- cess. He must serve the faculty by providing a climate in which they can follow their scholarly inter- ests with freedom and without fear of recrimination. He must also serve the student creating a climate in which student respon- sibility can be developed to the utmost. In carrying out these roles, the administrator will forever be per- would be at one extreme, utter leniency at the other. The admin- istration has to exist in the ten- sion between. The intense demands placed on the administrator by his some- times conflicting roles still do not excuse him from his mistakes. For when a mistake is made, its ef- fect on the University may be im- measurable. * * * NOW AND IN the future, the administrator here will hold a triple responsibility: to the teach- er, the student, and to himself. He should treat the faculty as the -keystone of the University, usually bend to their wishes, par- ticularly regarding research and curriculum. But at the same time, he must remain concerned with academic matters himself, and have the perception to notice stagnation and outmoded tradi- tions among his faculty. He must take extreme care with regard to the student body. What needs to be created here is a cli- mate of responsibility, both for intellectual activity, and also for normal student affairs. Student regulations should be constantly, reappraised with this latter end in sight. The. University should avoid becoming a "purveyor of security worship." In the writing of its regulations, It should avoid the assumption that the student is childish or criminal by nature. If the Univer- sity fails to challenge, the student will usually fail to respond. Ultimately the administrator has a certain responsibility to himself as an educator. The chal- lenge he faces is not simply one of finance or of operational efficien- cy. If this University is going to continue to expand, if it is to at- tract new genius while retaining the old, if it is truly to be the "Athens of the Midwest," then the administrator must realize he is not simply trying to maintain a position among the top 15 col- leges and universities in America. That will not do. Instead of attempting to stay ahead of the University of Cali- fornia and within sight of the supposedly "halo" schools of the East, the administration should strive for an ideal. That ideal, however, must first be defined. Without definition or direction, a university fails in its finest func- tions. The responsibility for that defintion lies with the adminis- trators. '': AT HILL AUDITORIUM: Dorati Program Features Sessions, TrHE MINNEAPOLIS Symphony Orchestra, under the direction of Antal Dorati, opened last night's concert with a rousing reading of Beethoven's "Prometheus Overture." The Haydn "Symphony No. 1 (Clock)" followed. The orchestra sound was too thick for Haydn's crystaline score, but this was due to shabby string intonation and articulation rather than the over-large orchestra. Gunther Schuller is a fine French 'horn player with considerable imagination in his scoring with orchestral timbres. Here the. praise comes to an end. The "Seven Studies on Themes of Paul Klee" are moderately short orchestral picture-pieces with ideas brorowed liber- Im nistration: A Criti qu I ally from the' Schonberg "Five Pieces" and the Webern "Six Pieces" (both written over forty years ago) and the stock devices of Warner Brothers film scores. * * * MOST OF THE musical ges- tures of this work are overstated and repeated to the extreme. What are clever devices on first hearing will be gimmicks on later hearings. At times, as in "Die Zwitschermaschine,"~ the sound effects are dangerously close to obscenity for obscenity's sake. The audience's reaction to the Schuller "Studies" bears this out. Schuller undoubtedly expects this work to be taken at least as seri- ously as the Klee pictures, but the audience took them as a droll hu- morous entertainment. Even the "eerie, unearthly, and terrifying" piece "Die unheimlicher Moment" got its laughs. The "Symphony No. 4" of Roger Sessions is a mature and impres- sive accomplishment. Its invigor- ating, complex sounds (descend- ents of the music of Ives and Carl Ruggles) are consistent with the language of Sessions' previous symphonies and are handled with firm mastery. THIS SYMPHONY, as all of Sessions' work, is difficult - very difficult -to comprehend at a first hearing. Perhaps it should have been performed twice 'on the same program. Both the audience and the orchestra would have fared better. The performance was obscured byvery, bad intona- tion in all of therstring sections. The problem was not that the in- struments were out of tune, but that the players had difficulty hearing the wide and chromatic intervals (a problem for the per- formers rather than the conductor or composer to solve). Compliments are in order, how- ever, for the fine solo violin play- ing of the concertmaster and the exceptional solo and ensemble playing of the woodwinds and brass. The concert ended with per- formances of De Falla, Wagner, AT CAMPUS: Camera, I nsigh 'M TEMPTED to give "The Cranes Are Flying" a blanket recommendation and let it go at that. Insofar as its photography is concerned, it is undeniably one of the better'and certainly one of the more ambitious films to have passed this way in some time. In "Cranes" certain techniques usu- ally associated with only experi- mental films become the rum rather than the exception. At times such brilliant camera ar- tistry is almost too dazzling. This film didn't strike me quite as deeply emotionally as it seems to have struck others, but this of course is a personal and precari- ous thing. From overhearing vari- ous comments, I feel obligated to say that it evidently is not lack- ing in emotional impact. BRIEFLY, the plot concerns two lovers, Veronica and Boris, whose plans for marriage are dis- rupted by the outbreak of the sec- ond world war, and by Boris' com- pulsion to volunteer. He does, and is sent to the front. After Veron- ica's parents are killed in an air- raid, she is taken in by Boris' fam- ily and falls under the sensual spell of Mark, Boris' artistic brother who had been exempted from the draft. Against her feeling that she must remain in love with Boris, Veronica falls in love with Mark, and they are married despite the inevitable censure from the fam- ily. Boris is killed at the front, and although neither the family nor Veronica discover this until the last days of the war, she re- mains half in love with Boris whom she believes mpust be alive; she can never forgive her unfaith- fulness, and is nearly driven to suicide by guilt feelings.