542 irhigau Bally
Seventy-Fifth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
Michigan MAD
Redefining the Student's Role
By Robert Johnston
LETTERS:
A Conservative Backs
Civil Rihts Laws
Where Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH.
Truth Will Prevail
NEWS PHONE: 764-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
SUNDAY, 21 MARCH 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM
Local Protest Actions
Have No ac in Fact-
-u.-JL". V 'X.j I1I NY U.L'P4LJ
WITH IMPETUS provided by the civil
rights movement, local protests re-
cently have spread far beyond the realms
of relevance and immediacy.
For example, a study of the Viet Nam
faculty protestors reveals interesting
things. The expertise which this par-
ticular cause offered to rationalize its
position came from such departments as
philosophy, mathematics, economics, so-
ciology, and mental health. These are
the experts who know so much about Viet
Nam in the first place, and who can per-
ceive, by virtue of their various academic
backgrounds, exactly~ what the political
situation is. Where are the political sci-
entists? What do they say?
The faculty members protest for more
information-claiming that U.S. citizens
don't have enough, and on the other hand
insist that the U.S. should pull out of
Viet Nam. They have drawn this con-
clusion from admittedly scant informa-
tion; this hardly lends credence to their
statements.
There is a war in Southeast Asia and
the accepted procedure in time of war is
responsible news management. U.S. citi-
zens should have some faith in their
elected leadership.
AO tAA."U.j . *
ANOTHER EXAMPLE of irrelevancy in
protests was the anti-apartheid dem-
onstration held last week. The pickets-
some of them faculty-insisted that the
University divest itself of Chrysler stock
because Chrysler is investing in South
Africa, and South Africa practices apart-
heid.
Now Chrysler Corporation's major in-
stallations and investments are within
the United States and the greater pro-
portion of these are within Michigan. It
does have some interests in South Africa.
But responsibility for the regulation of
foreign investment in cases of this sort
has been taken by the U.S. government.
If those demonstrators wanted action,
they should have sought it through the
government. One of the demonstrators
didn't even know the name of her con-
gressman when asked.
PROTESTS WITH A BASIS in fact are
commendable and encouraging. Thev
prove that those concerned care about
the welfare of their society. But the
spectacles of recent days have been futile
and even discouraging, for they have sap-
ped energies and proven nothing.
-DAVID PAULS
WHETHER for good or bad, revolution. But the line is thin.
many American students are and it is terribly easy to fall over
seeking to revolutionize their role the brink. Berkeley has shown
in their universities and in their that it can happen here, and thai
society. Berkeley will be a long lesson will not easily be forgot-
time recovering from its agonies, ten.
but at this university the redefi- * * *
nition of role continues with fits, THERE IS a better way. When
starts, but with progress never- more than a dozen or so students
theless. start to spend as much time and
Evidence of student concern has effort on University problems and
manifested itself in an unbeliev- policies that administrators and
ably diverse number of areas. faculty do, the era of peaceful
Students organized the University revolution will be at hand. In lo-
Activity Center's poverty sympo- co parentis is well on its way tc
sium. They have worked for wage deserved extinction here. The next
hikes and lower local prices. They step is to establish an effective
are about to publish a course student voice in University and
evaluation booklet here. Loca' city affairs that are of studen
housing, apartheid in South Afri- concern, and there are a great
ca, the war in Viet. Nam, quad many such affairs.
food, free speech and basketball It will be more work for the
all seem to elicit student response students, but the faculty long agc
at varying times and places ane learned its own voice was com-
in varying degrees. mensurate with the effort it de-
If there is a common denomina- voted to maintaining it and
tor here, no one has found it yet. strengthening it through constan'
The attention-getting student pro- constructive use.
test organizations are usually put Real student participation is
together ad hoc by a few mal- closer to realization here than
contents who are organizing sucr many think. And it's better than
groups continually-apparently in Berkeley.
the hope that one issue will final- * *
ly crystallize and throw them and THERE IS NO faster way for a
their causes into the national newspaper to become irrelevant
limelight. to those it serves than to become
NATIONAL ATTENTION has out of touch with the audience
been focused upon student activ- it pretends to be interested in.
ism, but nobody, least of all the With this in mind Frank An
so-called student leaders involved drews of the Institute for Social
seem to understand what it is Research has done a readershir
all about. Free speech has de- survey for The Daily-what you
generated into filthy speech. read in this paper and what yov
Student involvement in the civ- think of it. It's a good way of
it rights movement, which has getting at the ways in which stu-
probably done as much for th, dents and faculty at the Univer-
Negro as any other single factor sity think and act, what they're
is now showing signs of similar interested in and what they're n-,.
degeneration and confusion of It seems, for example, that
ends and means. everyone except the freshman i.
Yet there should be no doub' a cheapskate. "Only among the
that students, as citizens, have an newly arrived undergraduates wa:
obligation to themselves and so- the proportion of students buyins
ciety to express their opinions=and their own copies as high as two-
to expect due attention to them thirds. Among the experienced
If the social order is slow anr" graduate students, who depended
stodgy, not to mention wrong, and heavily on joint subscriptions o
if it denies them an effective role large groups (in most cases prob-
it is up to the students to create ably their department), only
one if they can. about a third of the readers ac-
Given the resistance of any tually spent their own money for
group to sharing power, effective the copies they read."
ways of exerting pressure have to The coverage of most interest tc
be found. Riot is not pressure but students was of "University news,
entertainment news and inter-
national news (in that order).'
For faculty, University news helc
very high interest, with entertain-
ment not far behind.
Entertainment, it seems, is be-
coming big business in Ann Ar-
bor.
* * *
ONE QUESTION, to aid in de-
fining areas of great potential
interest, simply asked students tc
rate a series of interests accord-
ing to their preference. Student
organizations and activities rated
last while "studying, taking course
work seriously" was first with
three times as much interest
shown-a sad commentary on the
present state of the truly libera'
education.
Finally, the respondents (499
students and 116 faculty, ran-
domly selected) were asked to
add their own comments. With
"74 years of editorial freedom"
firmly in mind, 43 per cent of the
students and 65 per cent of the
faculty took advantage of this
chance for retaliation.
Student comments ranged frorr
a proposal to discontinue The
Daily to digs at reviewers to orch-
ids and roses for everyone.
Some comments reflected ar
unfortunate misunderstanding of
Daily policies. For example, "It
The Daily to publish whatever
anyone wishes to write or can
standards be set?" The Daily'.
Code of Ethics sets good taste.
the public interest and accepted
journalistic practice as the stand-
ards for the paper.
A few seemed to think that The
Daily ought to cover up or ignore
University problems. Such nar-
row minds, unwilling or unable
to confront broad problems, would
quickly breed a very narrow and v
very lifeless institution.
This university is neither.
Nor will it be in the future, I
hope.
* * *
FOR THE BENEFIT of the un-
initiated, MAD stands for Michi-
gan Algorithm decoder, the Uni-
versity's contribution to the com-
puter age. Developed at the Uni-
versity, it is a language that
both men and machines can un-
derstand. Specialized perhaps, but
very useful.
To the Editor:
AS A CONSERVATIVE Republi-
can and a supporter of Barry
Goldwater during the past four
years, I have tended to ignore
the problems of the Negro in this
country. I was more concerned
with the problems of growing
centralism as a threat to individ-
ual liberty and Communist ad-
vancement, and I still am.
But the events in Selma and
the resolution of the National
Convention of Colored Men held
in Syracuse, N.Y., October 4-7
1864, which I( have read for a
history course, have forced me tc
face the issue squarely.
In part, that resolution read:
. . . If freedom is good for
any, it is good for all. If you
need the elective franchise, we
need it more. You are strong,
we are weak; you are many;
we are few; you are protected,
we are exposed. Clothe us with
this safeguard of our liberty,
and give us an interest in the
country to which, in common
with you, we have given our
lives and poured out best blood.
You cannot need special pro-
tection. Our degradation is not
essential to your elevation, nor
our peril essential to your safe-
ty.
If one of the formulators of
this resolution returned, he would
find that his people have made
little progress in their fight for
individual freedom.
Some claim that more federal
legislation is needed to guarantee
the Negro'sright to vote. I dis-
agree. All that needs to be done
is to have the President enforce
the laws of the land vigorously.
That means with Marines if nec-
essary.
S * * *
I ALSO WISH to urge all con-
servative Republicans around the
country to put pressure on con-
servative congressmen to presen'
a bill to enforce the clause of the
14th Amendment depriving states
of part of their representation in
Congress for disenfranchising citi-
zens because of color.
Let's start putting individua'.
rights ahead of states' rights, even
if it means a slight increase of
federal power.
-James W. Russell, '66
Former Chairman,
Young Americans for Freedom
Kingston Trio
To the Editor:
MISS EISENSTEIN'S interesting
nt'rpretation of the Kingston
Trio's character in her article,
"Song 'Plagiarists' Admit Guilt,"
(Mar. 2) demands some clarifi-
cation. I wish to provide some
additional information to this
otherwise "informative" observa-
tion, which is obviously based on
an extensive knowledge of folk
music and the Kingston Trio.
Forst, Miss Eisenstein includes
John Stewart in the list of people
from whom the Kinston Trio has
been "stealing" music. In view of
the fact that John Stewart is a
member of the Kingston Trio, can
we consider this plagiarism?
Second; I am interested in her
definition of folk music. The tra-
ditional view is that the folk
idiom embodies music which is
"originated and used by the coni-
mon folk" (Webster's New Col-
legiate), and is passed on from
one group or person to another.
There are two sources of folk
music, the new music being writ-
ten today and the traditionals
which have been handed down for
generations. The Kingston Trio's
renditions of Pete Seeger's "Where
Have All the Flowers Gone?" and
"Little Maggie" fit into these two
areas respectively.
I am sure the Kingston Trio
would be interested in any ad-
ditional sources of music which
Miss Eisenstein could suggest.
*1 * *
IN REFERENCE to Miss Eisen-
stein's acute observations on the
Kingston Trio's lack of participa-
tion in the civil rights movement,
John Stewart, the aforementioned
victim of Kingston Trio "plagiar-
ism," has demonstrated his apathy
by initiating an organization call-
ed the "Quiet Fight," the purpose
of which is to .'arouse young
people's sense of national pride
and responsibility through folk
music. The Kingston Trio, as a
group, has performed much of the
music written for this cause-a
strange way of showing indiffer-
ence and lack of conviction.
In the name of folk music, Miss
Eisenstein has used her great
wealth of accurate information
and her depth of perception to
discredit the Kingston Trio, the
initiators of the popular folk
movement.
-Camilla Mannino,;'68
...The'Teach In' Is t
ANYONE WHO THINKS that protests
and demonstrations have gone too far
in recent months has to be at least partly
oblivious to the atrocities being commit-
ted with United States help in Southeast
Asia.
U.S.-built planes recently attacked and
bombed a school full of children and
then went on to bomb a church. The
State Department refused comment on
the bombings, indicating it was all part
of the war and was merely "unfortunate."
Back at home scientists were preparing
to send two men into space on their
conquest to the moon.
THESE ATROCITIES are made unbear-
able by the fact that the U.S. says (a)
it is in Viet Nam for "humanitarian"
reasons, and (b) will not tell its own
citizens what is going on.
The government should consider the
implications of being "humanitarian";
when the means to keep the U.S.'in power
in Asia include mass murder, then per-
haps U.S. power there is not justified.
And the government should give more
details of a war about which its citizens
are very ignorant. If war is necessary,
the administration should make it very
clear why.
It seems incongruous that while the
United States spends thousands of dollars
each year supporting Radio Free Europe
and the government station, Voice of
America, but cannot give the people at
home the correct answers.
NEXT WEDNESDAY, a large group of
faculty and student swill spend the
night asking questions such as why these
atrocities should occur in a world where
men can walk in space, 100 miles above
the earth. As a protest, the "teach-in" is
justified because of unjust U.S. policies:
as an education experience it has great
justification: the classroom has been
able to give too few answers to important
questions.
The "teach-in" provides students with
a rare opportunity for introspection, a
chance to question United States policies
and their philosophical basis. Once this
has taken place the answers may surprise
many.
-JOHN WEILER
IMPRESSIONS OF A FOREIGN LAND:
A Visit to Selma Reveals Injustice and Bigotry
The New Student Activism
T HE FIRST THING to understand about
Berkeley, Yale, and the dozens of
smaller educational reform movements
which have developed this school year is
that they are essentially expressions of
student opinion. Some times with confu-
sion, often inarticulate, but always pain-
fully sincere, these students are address-
ing themselves to dilemmas which seem
to grow out of the big modern universi-
ties.
In their intense concern for the pur-
poses of a university, the students are
reacting to the growing pressures on their
schools from outside interests. They are
concerned that faculty members are oft-
en encouraged to place professionalism
and careerism ahead of teaching. They
are also concerned by the increasing
number of research contracts by which
the federal government and private firms
"buy" research from the universities.
THE ISSUE that has now been present-
ed is a simple one. Should universi-
ties exist as communities of scholars,
concerned primarily with the quality and
ethic of the education they offer? Or
should they give undergraduate educa-
tion a second-class status while winning
Acting Editorial Staff
ROBERT JOHNSTON, Editor
LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM JEFFREY GOODMAN
Man aginrg Editor Editorial Director
approval in the outside spheres of gov-
ernment, industry, and professional so-
cieties?
Most of the conservative criticism of
recent years has come from spokesmen
who contend the universities are not fill-
ing various needs of the economic, de-
fense or educational establishments.
James Conant has held American edu-
cation to task for America's lag in the
space race; Hyman Rickover believes the
schools aren't working the kids hard
enough; William Buckley wants the uni-
versities to produce confident intellectual
Cold Warriors.
THE ALTERNATIVE POSITION - that
universities should be independent in-
tellectual communities concerned pri-
marily with teaching and scholarship
within an atmosphere of freedom-was
not clearly articulated until Paul Good-
man published his influential "Commu-
nity of Scholars" in 1962. Now the vac-
uum on the left has been filled by an
articulate response at Berkeley, Yale,
and elsewhere. Students, and a surpris-
ingly large number of faculty members,
are calling for a return to the traditional
methods and purposes of university edu-
cation.
When the students of Yale and Berke-
ley took their stands, they were protest-
ing a system of bureaucratic priorities
which places publication above teaching,
needs above ends, careerism above voca-
tion. They were arguing that higher edu-
ELMA, ALABAMA is the birth-
i place of the Alabama White
Citizens Council, and boasts a
3.000 member chapter, the states
laraest.
At a recent Citizens Council
rally in Selma, Birmingham Police
Commissioner Eugene "Bull" Con-
ner (a native of Selma) said
prophetically:
"We are on the one yard line.
Our backs are to the wall. Do we
let Negroes go over for a touch-
down or do we raise the Confed-
erate flag as did our forefathers
and tell them, 'You shall not
pass'?"
Minutes after entering Selma I
saw a goal line stand that Conner
would have been proud of. The
defensive line of policemen was
situated behind a blockade on
Sylvan Street in the heart of the
Negro section.
Sylvan Street looked like a po-
lice field day. Beige state police
cars bearing confederate flags on
their front bumpers were every-
where. (One front bumper had a
picture of a grizzled confederate
veteran with the caption, "Hell
no I ain't fergettin".) They were
supplemented by gray city police
cars and brown county police cars.
At the head of the battalion was a
red '52 Chevrolet serving as a
sound truck. The driver was sleep-
ing.
THE BLOCKADE was prevent-
ing civil rights demonstrators
from staging a protest march to
the county courthouse. I asked an
officer where I might go to get
a press pass. A local white citizen
overheard me and bluntly inter-
rupted, "I don't know where the
press passes are boy, but there's
a train going out of here soon.
Why don't you take it?"
I took the directions of the
policemen and walked through the
heart of downtown Selma to the
Dallas County Courthouse and my
press pass.
The walk was terrifying. The
scrutinizing stares of the local
Honda dealer and a used car
salesmen were disconcerting, to
say the least.
I walked into the mint julep
green Dallas Counthouse, sipped a
drink at the "white" drinking
fountain, and then asked the re-
ceptionist where I might obtain a
press pass.
LiIfraev Test
no1 j ?oo
$1,500 less than the median for
white families.
Rev. Charles Doughty, a Uni-
tarian from Washington, remark-
ed, "It was the brutality that
made me come down here. When
I saw the films on television, I was
furious."
Clifford Johnson, a 14 year old
Negro was one of hundreds who
met with police brutality. He told
me, "The police charged right
into us-a horse trotted right
over my arm. I saw one policeman
put a tear gas bomb next to an
injured woman."
A few minutes later I was walk-
ing toward the First Methodist
Church when a deputized conser-
vation officer, who was sanding his
billyclub yelled to me, "Hey, boy
you a queer?"
I replied that while I was not
now and never had been a queer,
I would try to find him a suitable
companion if he was desperate. He
just glared at me, so I walked
away. I went into the nearby
church to hear a moving memorial
service for Rev. Reeb.
Martin Luther King gave a
moving eulogy. He said Rev.
Reeb's crime was "that he dared
live his faith, and added that
Reeb was murdered by "a church
that acts as a tail light more
than a head light, by irrespon-
sible politicians, and by a fed-
eral government which kept troops
in South Viet Nam but couldn't
protect its own citizens in de-
fense of civil rights.
Just before the service ended a
federal court order came through
approving the march to the court
house.
WHILE I was waiting for the
march to begin, I turned to
a CBS cameraman and asked him
about the beatings of the week
before. He said he had yet to get
the tear gas out of his clothes. He
pointed to another cameraman
man remarked, "He was attacked
several weeks ago by some white
citizens and required 18 stitches
in his forehead."
I went over to see Wilson Baker,
who is the Public Safety Director
of Selma. Baker had dispatched
four cars to every street corner
along tha march route.
According to newsmen Baker
almost quit after Sheriff Jim
Clark sent 18 people to the hospi-
and that his father was fired.
Later on, one Negro rpeorted
that he was shot at while walking
through downtown, but otherwise
things were peaceful that night in
Selma.
NATURALLY there is much more
* to a trip to Selma. But in es-
sence the city is sheer hell. Per-
haps some day the white citizens
of Selma will realize that Negro
voter registration tests that ask
questions like, "How many legis-
lators did South Carolina send to
the first U.S. Congress," are un-
fair. Perhaps some day the Ala-
bama police will learn that you
don't squelch a legitimate con-
stitutional grievance. with tear gas
and guns.
Then, perhaps;there will be some
truth to the assertion of, the
Chamber of Commerce that Sel-
ma is, indeed, "A great place to
visit and a better place to live."
-ROGER RAPOPORT
'ROUNDERS'-
Oh, So
Bad
SOMEDAY someone is going to
make a decent film about that
anachronism, the modern cow-
boy. The latest attempt, "The
Rounders" is such a complete
failure that it leads one to think
that Hollywood has finally ex-
hausted all the incorrect ways to
approach the subject.
For "The Rounders" is one of
those slick, sugar-coated movies
that occupy an hour and a half
without offending one's sensibili-
ties or exciting one's intelligence.
In fact, the film is so boring as
to be more a waste of time than
a really bad film.
*
NOT EVEN the stars shine in
this one, Glenn Ford and Henry
Fonda must have had a free
weekend (all the time necessary
to shoot this film), and have
needed the extra money. Their
performances in "The Rounders"
are embarrassing simply because
their talents are so incredibly
a plastic holder and gave it to me
along with a reprinted article re-
vealing that Martin Luther King
is a Communist and that the Rev.
Ralph Abernathy (King's top aide)
recently seduced a 15 year old girl.
After she finished I spent a
few minutes reading the article
and glancing around the office.
Sheriff Clark was out, but a
photograph of him wrestling with
a large Negro woman was on his
desk.
Two bulletin boards were filled
with telegrams to Sheriff Clark.
Most dealt with last March 7
when Sheriff Clark and his posse,
used whips clubs and tear gas
(injuring 78, hospitalizing 18) to
halt a civil rights march from
Selma to Birmingham.
One board was filled with com-
standing nearby, and sizing me up.
I decided the store was indeed
closed.
On the way back through town
I passed the county jail, Sheriff
Clark's home. He claims to have
threatened by local Negroes and
considers the jail the safest place
in Selma.
By the time I got back to Sylvan
street the police had settled down
to lunch. The Negroes were still
in full force, however, chanting
songs, listening to Walter Reuther,
and trying to stay cool amidst the
78 degree heat.
In talking to some of the people
who came to Selma, I sensed that
many were not the so-called "ac-
tivists" that have been working
right along with the civil rights
movement. Many were average