542 irhigau Bally Seventy-Fifth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Michigan MAD Redefining the Student's Role By Robert Johnston LETTERS: A Conservative Backs Civil Rihts Laws Where Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. Truth Will Prevail NEWS PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. SUNDAY, 21 MARCH 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM Local Protest Actions Have No ac in Fact- -u.-JL". V 'X.j I1I NY U.L'P4LJ WITH IMPETUS provided by the civil rights movement, local protests re- cently have spread far beyond the realms of relevance and immediacy. For example, a study of the Viet Nam faculty protestors reveals interesting things. The expertise which this par- ticular cause offered to rationalize its position came from such departments as philosophy, mathematics, economics, so- ciology, and mental health. These are the experts who know so much about Viet Nam in the first place, and who can per- ceive, by virtue of their various academic backgrounds, exactly~ what the political situation is. Where are the political sci- entists? What do they say? The faculty members protest for more information-claiming that U.S. citizens don't have enough, and on the other hand insist that the U.S. should pull out of Viet Nam. They have drawn this con- clusion from admittedly scant informa- tion; this hardly lends credence to their statements. There is a war in Southeast Asia and the accepted procedure in time of war is responsible news management. U.S. citi- zens should have some faith in their elected leadership. AO tAA."U.j . * ANOTHER EXAMPLE of irrelevancy in protests was the anti-apartheid dem- onstration held last week. The pickets- some of them faculty-insisted that the University divest itself of Chrysler stock because Chrysler is investing in South Africa, and South Africa practices apart- heid. Now Chrysler Corporation's major in- stallations and investments are within the United States and the greater pro- portion of these are within Michigan. It does have some interests in South Africa. But responsibility for the regulation of foreign investment in cases of this sort has been taken by the U.S. government. If those demonstrators wanted action, they should have sought it through the government. One of the demonstrators didn't even know the name of her con- gressman when asked. PROTESTS WITH A BASIS in fact are commendable and encouraging. Thev prove that those concerned care about the welfare of their society. But the spectacles of recent days have been futile and even discouraging, for they have sap- ped energies and proven nothing. -DAVID PAULS WHETHER for good or bad, revolution. But the line is thin. many American students are and it is terribly easy to fall over seeking to revolutionize their role the brink. Berkeley has shown in their universities and in their that it can happen here, and thai society. Berkeley will be a long lesson will not easily be forgot- time recovering from its agonies, ten. but at this university the redefi- * * * nition of role continues with fits, THERE IS a better way. When starts, but with progress never- more than a dozen or so students theless. start to spend as much time and Evidence of student concern has effort on University problems and manifested itself in an unbeliev- policies that administrators and ably diverse number of areas. faculty do, the era of peaceful Students organized the University revolution will be at hand. In lo- Activity Center's poverty sympo- co parentis is well on its way tc sium. They have worked for wage deserved extinction here. The next hikes and lower local prices. They step is to establish an effective are about to publish a course student voice in University and evaluation booklet here. Loca' city affairs that are of studen housing, apartheid in South Afri- concern, and there are a great ca, the war in Viet. Nam, quad many such affairs. food, free speech and basketball It will be more work for the all seem to elicit student response students, but the faculty long agc at varying times and places ane learned its own voice was com- in varying degrees. mensurate with the effort it de- If there is a common denomina- voted to maintaining it and tor here, no one has found it yet. strengthening it through constan' The attention-getting student pro- constructive use. test organizations are usually put Real student participation is together ad hoc by a few mal- closer to realization here than contents who are organizing sucr many think. And it's better than groups continually-apparently in Berkeley. the hope that one issue will final- * * ly crystallize and throw them and THERE IS NO faster way for a their causes into the national newspaper to become irrelevant limelight. to those it serves than to become NATIONAL ATTENTION has out of touch with the audience been focused upon student activ- it pretends to be interested in. ism, but nobody, least of all the With this in mind Frank An so-called student leaders involved drews of the Institute for Social seem to understand what it is Research has done a readershir all about. Free speech has de- survey for The Daily-what you generated into filthy speech. read in this paper and what yov Student involvement in the civ- think of it. It's a good way of it rights movement, which has getting at the ways in which stu- probably done as much for th, dents and faculty at the Univer- Negro as any other single factor sity think and act, what they're is now showing signs of similar interested in and what they're n-,. degeneration and confusion of It seems, for example, that ends and means. everyone except the freshman i. Yet there should be no doub' a cheapskate. "Only among the that students, as citizens, have an newly arrived undergraduates wa: obligation to themselves and so- the proportion of students buyins ciety to express their opinions=and their own copies as high as two- to expect due attention to them thirds. Among the experienced If the social order is slow anr" graduate students, who depended stodgy, not to mention wrong, and heavily on joint subscriptions o if it denies them an effective role large groups (in most cases prob- it is up to the students to create ably their department), only one if they can. about a third of the readers ac- Given the resistance of any tually spent their own money for group to sharing power, effective the copies they read." ways of exerting pressure have to The coverage of most interest tc be found. Riot is not pressure but students was of "University news, entertainment news and inter- national news (in that order).' For faculty, University news helc very high interest, with entertain- ment not far behind. Entertainment, it seems, is be- coming big business in Ann Ar- bor. * * * ONE QUESTION, to aid in de- fining areas of great potential interest, simply asked students tc rate a series of interests accord- ing to their preference. Student organizations and activities rated last while "studying, taking course work seriously" was first with three times as much interest shown-a sad commentary on the present state of the truly libera' education. Finally, the respondents (499 students and 116 faculty, ran- domly selected) were asked to add their own comments. With "74 years of editorial freedom" firmly in mind, 43 per cent of the students and 65 per cent of the faculty took advantage of this chance for retaliation. Student comments ranged frorr a proposal to discontinue The Daily to digs at reviewers to orch- ids and roses for everyone. Some comments reflected ar unfortunate misunderstanding of Daily policies. For example, "It The Daily to publish whatever anyone wishes to write or can standards be set?" The Daily'. Code of Ethics sets good taste. the public interest and accepted journalistic practice as the stand- ards for the paper. A few seemed to think that The Daily ought to cover up or ignore University problems. Such nar- row minds, unwilling or unable to confront broad problems, would quickly breed a very narrow and v very lifeless institution. This university is neither. Nor will it be in the future, I hope. * * * FOR THE BENEFIT of the un- initiated, MAD stands for Michi- gan Algorithm decoder, the Uni- versity's contribution to the com- puter age. Developed at the Uni- versity, it is a language that both men and machines can un- derstand. Specialized perhaps, but very useful. To the Editor: AS A CONSERVATIVE Republi- can and a supporter of Barry Goldwater during the past four years, I have tended to ignore the problems of the Negro in this country. I was more concerned with the problems of growing centralism as a threat to individ- ual liberty and Communist ad- vancement, and I still am. But the events in Selma and the resolution of the National Convention of Colored Men held in Syracuse, N.Y., October 4-7 1864, which I( have read for a history course, have forced me tc face the issue squarely. In part, that resolution read: . . . If freedom is good for any, it is good for all. If you need the elective franchise, we need it more. You are strong, we are weak; you are many; we are few; you are protected, we are exposed. Clothe us with this safeguard of our liberty, and give us an interest in the country to which, in common with you, we have given our lives and poured out best blood. You cannot need special pro- tection. Our degradation is not essential to your elevation, nor our peril essential to your safe- ty. If one of the formulators of this resolution returned, he would find that his people have made little progress in their fight for individual freedom. Some claim that more federal legislation is needed to guarantee the Negro'sright to vote. I dis- agree. All that needs to be done is to have the President enforce the laws of the land vigorously. That means with Marines if nec- essary. S * * * I ALSO WISH to urge all con- servative Republicans around the country to put pressure on con- servative congressmen to presen' a bill to enforce the clause of the 14th Amendment depriving states of part of their representation in Congress for disenfranchising citi- zens because of color. Let's start putting individua'. rights ahead of states' rights, even if it means a slight increase of federal power. -James W. Russell, '66 Former Chairman, Young Americans for Freedom Kingston Trio To the Editor: MISS EISENSTEIN'S interesting nt'rpretation of the Kingston Trio's character in her article, "Song 'Plagiarists' Admit Guilt," (Mar. 2) demands some clarifi- cation. I wish to provide some additional information to this otherwise "informative" observa- tion, which is obviously based on an extensive knowledge of folk music and the Kingston Trio. Forst, Miss Eisenstein includes John Stewart in the list of people from whom the Kinston Trio has been "stealing" music. In view of the fact that John Stewart is a member of the Kingston Trio, can we consider this plagiarism? Second; I am interested in her definition of folk music. The tra- ditional view is that the folk idiom embodies music which is "originated and used by the coni- mon folk" (Webster's New Col- legiate), and is passed on from one group or person to another. There are two sources of folk music, the new music being writ- ten today and the traditionals which have been handed down for generations. The Kingston Trio's renditions of Pete Seeger's "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" and "Little Maggie" fit into these two areas respectively. I am sure the Kingston Trio would be interested in any ad- ditional sources of music which Miss Eisenstein could suggest. *1 * * IN REFERENCE to Miss Eisen- stein's acute observations on the Kingston Trio's lack of participa- tion in the civil rights movement, John Stewart, the aforementioned victim of Kingston Trio "plagiar- ism," has demonstrated his apathy by initiating an organization call- ed the "Quiet Fight," the purpose of which is to .'arouse young people's sense of national pride and responsibility through folk music. The Kingston Trio, as a group, has performed much of the music written for this cause-a strange way of showing indiffer- ence and lack of conviction. In the name of folk music, Miss Eisenstein has used her great wealth of accurate information and her depth of perception to discredit the Kingston Trio, the initiators of the popular folk movement. -Camilla Mannino,;'68 ...The'Teach In' Is t ANYONE WHO THINKS that protests and demonstrations have gone too far in recent months has to be at least partly oblivious to the atrocities being commit- ted with United States help in Southeast Asia. U.S.-built planes recently attacked and bombed a school full of children and then went on to bomb a church. The State Department refused comment on the bombings, indicating it was all part of the war and was merely "unfortunate." Back at home scientists were preparing to send two men into space on their conquest to the moon. THESE ATROCITIES are made unbear- able by the fact that the U.S. says (a) it is in Viet Nam for "humanitarian" reasons, and (b) will not tell its own citizens what is going on. The government should consider the implications of being "humanitarian"; when the means to keep the U.S.'in power in Asia include mass murder, then per- haps U.S. power there is not justified. And the government should give more details of a war about which its citizens are very ignorant. If war is necessary, the administration should make it very clear why. It seems incongruous that while the United States spends thousands of dollars each year supporting Radio Free Europe and the government station, Voice of America, but cannot give the people at home the correct answers. NEXT WEDNESDAY, a large group of faculty and student swill spend the night asking questions such as why these atrocities should occur in a world where men can walk in space, 100 miles above the earth. As a protest, the "teach-in" is justified because of unjust U.S. policies: as an education experience it has great justification: the classroom has been able to give too few answers to important questions. The "teach-in" provides students with a rare opportunity for introspection, a chance to question United States policies and their philosophical basis. Once this has taken place the answers may surprise many. -JOHN WEILER IMPRESSIONS OF A FOREIGN LAND: A Visit to Selma Reveals Injustice and Bigotry The New Student Activism T HE FIRST THING to understand about Berkeley, Yale, and the dozens of smaller educational reform movements which have developed this school year is that they are essentially expressions of student opinion. Some times with confu- sion, often inarticulate, but always pain- fully sincere, these students are address- ing themselves to dilemmas which seem to grow out of the big modern universi- ties. In their intense concern for the pur- poses of a university, the students are reacting to the growing pressures on their schools from outside interests. They are concerned that faculty members are oft- en encouraged to place professionalism and careerism ahead of teaching. They are also concerned by the increasing number of research contracts by which the federal government and private firms "buy" research from the universities. THE ISSUE that has now been present- ed is a simple one. Should universi- ties exist as communities of scholars, concerned primarily with the quality and ethic of the education they offer? Or should they give undergraduate educa- tion a second-class status while winning Acting Editorial Staff ROBERT JOHNSTON, Editor LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM JEFFREY GOODMAN Man aginrg Editor Editorial Director approval in the outside spheres of gov- ernment, industry, and professional so- cieties? Most of the conservative criticism of recent years has come from spokesmen who contend the universities are not fill- ing various needs of the economic, de- fense or educational establishments. James Conant has held American edu- cation to task for America's lag in the space race; Hyman Rickover believes the schools aren't working the kids hard enough; William Buckley wants the uni- versities to produce confident intellectual Cold Warriors. THE ALTERNATIVE POSITION - that universities should be independent in- tellectual communities concerned pri- marily with teaching and scholarship within an atmosphere of freedom-was not clearly articulated until Paul Good- man published his influential "Commu- nity of Scholars" in 1962. Now the vac- uum on the left has been filled by an articulate response at Berkeley, Yale, and elsewhere. Students, and a surpris- ingly large number of faculty members, are calling for a return to the traditional methods and purposes of university edu- cation. When the students of Yale and Berke- ley took their stands, they were protest- ing a system of bureaucratic priorities which places publication above teaching, needs above ends, careerism above voca- tion. They were arguing that higher edu- ELMA, ALABAMA is the birth- i place of the Alabama White Citizens Council, and boasts a 3.000 member chapter, the states laraest. At a recent Citizens Council rally in Selma, Birmingham Police Commissioner Eugene "Bull" Con- ner (a native of Selma) said prophetically: "We are on the one yard line. Our backs are to the wall. Do we let Negroes go over for a touch- down or do we raise the Confed- erate flag as did our forefathers and tell them, 'You shall not pass'?" Minutes after entering Selma I saw a goal line stand that Conner would have been proud of. The defensive line of policemen was situated behind a blockade on Sylvan Street in the heart of the Negro section. Sylvan Street looked like a po- lice field day. Beige state police cars bearing confederate flags on their front bumpers were every- where. (One front bumper had a picture of a grizzled confederate veteran with the caption, "Hell no I ain't fergettin".) They were supplemented by gray city police cars and brown county police cars. At the head of the battalion was a red '52 Chevrolet serving as a sound truck. The driver was sleep- ing. THE BLOCKADE was prevent- ing civil rights demonstrators from staging a protest march to the county courthouse. I asked an officer where I might go to get a press pass. A local white citizen overheard me and bluntly inter- rupted, "I don't know where the press passes are boy, but there's a train going out of here soon. Why don't you take it?" I took the directions of the policemen and walked through the heart of downtown Selma to the Dallas County Courthouse and my press pass. The walk was terrifying. The scrutinizing stares of the local Honda dealer and a used car salesmen were disconcerting, to say the least. I walked into the mint julep green Dallas Counthouse, sipped a drink at the "white" drinking fountain, and then asked the re- ceptionist where I might obtain a press pass. LiIfraev Test no1 j ?oo $1,500 less than the median for white families. Rev. Charles Doughty, a Uni- tarian from Washington, remark- ed, "It was the brutality that made me come down here. When I saw the films on television, I was furious." Clifford Johnson, a 14 year old Negro was one of hundreds who met with police brutality. He told me, "The police charged right into us-a horse trotted right over my arm. I saw one policeman put a tear gas bomb next to an injured woman." A few minutes later I was walk- ing toward the First Methodist Church when a deputized conser- vation officer, who was sanding his billyclub yelled to me, "Hey, boy you a queer?" I replied that while I was not now and never had been a queer, I would try to find him a suitable companion if he was desperate. He just glared at me, so I walked away. I went into the nearby church to hear a moving memorial service for Rev. Reeb. Martin Luther King gave a moving eulogy. He said Rev. Reeb's crime was "that he dared live his faith, and added that Reeb was murdered by "a church that acts as a tail light more than a head light, by irrespon- sible politicians, and by a fed- eral government which kept troops in South Viet Nam but couldn't protect its own citizens in de- fense of civil rights. Just before the service ended a federal court order came through approving the march to the court house. WHILE I was waiting for the march to begin, I turned to a CBS cameraman and asked him about the beatings of the week before. He said he had yet to get the tear gas out of his clothes. He pointed to another cameraman man remarked, "He was attacked several weeks ago by some white citizens and required 18 stitches in his forehead." I went over to see Wilson Baker, who is the Public Safety Director of Selma. Baker had dispatched four cars to every street corner along tha march route. According to newsmen Baker almost quit after Sheriff Jim Clark sent 18 people to the hospi- and that his father was fired. Later on, one Negro rpeorted that he was shot at while walking through downtown, but otherwise things were peaceful that night in Selma. NATURALLY there is much more * to a trip to Selma. But in es- sence the city is sheer hell. Per- haps some day the white citizens of Selma will realize that Negro voter registration tests that ask questions like, "How many legis- lators did South Carolina send to the first U.S. Congress," are un- fair. Perhaps some day the Ala- bama police will learn that you don't squelch a legitimate con- stitutional grievance. with tear gas and guns. Then, perhaps;there will be some truth to the assertion of, the Chamber of Commerce that Sel- ma is, indeed, "A great place to visit and a better place to live." -ROGER RAPOPORT 'ROUNDERS'- Oh, So Bad SOMEDAY someone is going to make a decent film about that anachronism, the modern cow- boy. The latest attempt, "The Rounders" is such a complete failure that it leads one to think that Hollywood has finally ex- hausted all the incorrect ways to approach the subject. For "The Rounders" is one of those slick, sugar-coated movies that occupy an hour and a half without offending one's sensibili- ties or exciting one's intelligence. In fact, the film is so boring as to be more a waste of time than a really bad film. * NOT EVEN the stars shine in this one, Glenn Ford and Henry Fonda must have had a free weekend (all the time necessary to shoot this film), and have needed the extra money. Their performances in "The Rounders" are embarrassing simply because their talents are so incredibly a plastic holder and gave it to me along with a reprinted article re- vealing that Martin Luther King is a Communist and that the Rev. Ralph Abernathy (King's top aide) recently seduced a 15 year old girl. After she finished I spent a few minutes reading the article and glancing around the office. Sheriff Clark was out, but a photograph of him wrestling with a large Negro woman was on his desk. Two bulletin boards were filled with telegrams to Sheriff Clark. Most dealt with last March 7 when Sheriff Clark and his posse, used whips clubs and tear gas (injuring 78, hospitalizing 18) to halt a civil rights march from Selma to Birmingham. One board was filled with com- standing nearby, and sizing me up. I decided the store was indeed closed. On the way back through town I passed the county jail, Sheriff Clark's home. He claims to have threatened by local Negroes and considers the jail the safest place in Selma. By the time I got back to Sylvan street the police had settled down to lunch. The Negroes were still in full force, however, chanting songs, listening to Walter Reuther, and trying to stay cool amidst the 78 degree heat. In talking to some of the people who came to Selma, I sensed that many were not the so-called "ac- tivists" that have been working right along with the civil rights movement. Many were average