l.
Seventy-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
F........d''r f..h...v.? .ri v +F:'... frAr,.r""r...{... .....,.....,,...... .-... ,
POWER C ornerstone Project:.Oserving th e Getto
POETRYby MARK R. KILLINGSWORTH
-
ere Opinions Are Free. 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH.
Truth Will Prevail
NEWS PHONE: 764-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the inidividual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 2, 1966
NIGHT EDITOR: PAT O'DONOHUE
I
Academics and Politics:
They Didn't Believe Plato
EVER SINCE THE TIME of its origin in
ancient Greece, the academic world
has been closely associated with politics.
The first "academy" was the garden
where Plato and his students met to dis-
cuss philosophical-political issues such as
the role of the individual in the state,
the advantages of various forms of gov-
ernment, and the relationship between
rulers and the ruled.
It never occurred to anyone to call
these philosophers out-of-touch with
reality, or to question their competence
in the field of political analysis. In fact,
they were taken so seriously that Socrates
was executed for his political preachings.
More important, it never occurred to
anyone to call the questions they dis-
cussed irrelevant or too abstract. The
Athenians knew that refusal to recog-
nize the moral issues and human impli-
cations of politics would not make them
go away.
NOW, OVER 2000 YEARS later, members
of the academic world are still search-
ing for "sophia"-the kind of wisdom
that leads to good actions-and once
again they find themselves involved in
political questions.
It is unfortunate that the rest of the
world seems determined to ignore the
results of their "academic" inquiry.
For the academic community of today
is much better qualified than the Greek
philosophers ever could have been to
make considered judgments and recom-
mendations on matters of national policy.
Plato and his followers had as their
chief qualities analytical minds and the
desire for truth. Many academics of to-
day have these qualities-in addition to
ready access to the most complete and
accurate information ever available to
man.
IT IS, THEREFORE, horrifying to hear
the citizens of the United States, who
get virtually all of their information from
the Associated Press and United Press In-
tternational releases reprinted in their lo-
cal papers, tell the sociologists, anthropol-
ogists, economists-and even the political
scientists-that they are out of contact
with reality.
For most of us, the ultimate reality is
the Huntley-Brinkley report. We don't go
any deeper-we don't have time.
That is, perhaps, as it must be.
But this is all the more reason to listen
to those men among us who spend most
of their time studying, questioning and
researching. They have informational
tools and sources unknown to the average
citizen, and the freedom and courage to
make their findings public.
AN ELECTRICAL engineer working as an
informational systems analyst in a
nearby government research project said
recently that he disagrees violently with
U.S. policy in Viet Nam, but if he said so
publicly he would lose his job, which re-
quires security clearance.
Several members of local government
agencies have been in the same situation
for months; unable to register their pro-
test in any public way because they
simply "can't afford it."
ACADEMICS who criticize national pol-
icy, however, are not fired for their
views. Neither are they executed, as Soc-
rates was (although if they *ere young
enough and loud enough they may be
drafted, which could lead to the same re-
sult).
So many of our professors and instruc-
tors, probably the best-informed group of
men in the country, have been able to
come out publicly against a national pol-
icy that they feel can only lead to disaster.
In teach-ins, public letters, pamphlets
and protests they have tried to tell the
citizens of the United States that we are
fighting a war that cannot be won, that
is immoral, illegal, and will probably lead
to World War III.
They have particularly warned against
the danger of escalation--of the U.S.
forces taking the initiative in expanding
the war.
AND HOW HAS Washington reacted?
Holding blindly to his "consensus
theory," President Johnson has ordered
increased bombings, and now U.S. forces
are extending the shooting war into a
formerly demilitarized zone.
Hopefully, it will not be too late when
the people of the United States realize
that, having climbed a few steps up the
"ivory tower," our academics may be able
to see the world in a truer perspective,
while the view from the ground gives only
part of the picture.
-CAROLE KAPLAN
WASHINGTON-Rob Moody,'68,
spent the last two weeks look-
ing at broken toilets, pricing ba-
nanas, and smelling garbage as
part of what David.Miller, '67L,
calls an "intensive cram course
in the realities of urban problems,
discrimination and poverty."
Moody is one of over 80 summer
interns working here, primarily in
congressional and senatorial of-
fices, who signed up for a two-
week stint in this "cram course"
-the Cornerstone Project, which
Miller and another university stu-
dent, Louis Ferrand, '67L, thought
up last spring.
THE CORNERSTONE PROJECT
grew out of a series of "seminars"
which Miller held in his law quad
room to acquaint himself and his
friends in the University Young
Republicans with problems of civil
rights, and a Young Republican-
sponsored conference on civil
rights, "Promises to Keep," of
which Miller was chairman.
"It began to appear," Miller
says, "that a lot of students had
very serious questions to ask about
the interrelated problems of civil
rights and poverty and urban af-
fairs but did not even know
enough to ask them."
And so the idea was born: Give
summer congressional and sena-
torial interns-an intelligent, pre-
screened group of young people
interested in public affairs - a
chance to live in a well-known
urban ghetto and, rather than try
to do something, simply look and
listen.
MILLER AND FERRAND ap-
proached Charles Orlebeke of
Governor Romney's staff, who in
turn made arrangements, with
Romney's enthusiastic endorse-
ment, with New York City Mayor
John V. Lindsay.
Lindsay in turn was enthusias-
tic, giving the project his official
sponsorship and helping them lo-
cate it in Brooklyn's Bedford-
Stuyvestant ghetto. Fairly soon
thereafter, the project got over
$15,000 in donations from founda-
tions like the Rockefeller and
Philip M. Stern Funds and anony-
mous donors-most of them lib-
erals in Congress-and was on its
way.
Miller and Ferrand then rented
a tenement house in the Bedford-
Stuyvesant area for the 80-odd
interns, who arrived in four shifts
of two weeks each starting on
June 19, set up jobs with city
agencies for the interns in the
daytime and seminars on area
problems in the evening.
MOODY, for example, worked
during the daytime as a complaint
inspector for the City Housing
Board and heard speakers during
the evening from such area in-
stitutions as "Liberation" maga-
zine, which favors black power.
And always the interns were
looking and listening. Moody ran
into several surprises on his job,
including a "considerate" land-
lord who, if tenants' rooms needed
paint, gave them the paint and
said, "Do it yourself."
A more typical apartment: Ask-
ed by one tenant to put handles
on shower knobs which otherwise
had to be turned with pliers, one
resident manager simply removed
the bathtub handles and put them
on the shower knobs.
WHILE THE PROJECT is short,
it seems to have been full of in-
sight for Moody and his colleagues.
"The Bedford-Stuyvesant resi-
dents aren't simply poor, they
have a impoverished atttitude,"
"As they live in poverty and de-
pendency, their minds work the
same way.
"And they feel that most anti-
poverty and civil rights programs
don't take the right -approach,
either," Moody adds. "They feel
that, 'the white man keeps his
finger in the pie,' and gets what
he wants done rather than what
they feel should be done. They
want more control over these pro-
grams themselves-because they
know what needs to be done and
want to have the pride of having
done it themselves.
"They're also very downtrodden
by the 'white system' and can't
escape from it," Moody declares.
"This gives them a very defeatist
feeling, the 'apathy' so many
whites feel is the prevailing atti-
tude. The apartment tenants
would often tell me wearily, 'Weve
had so many people asking us
what's wrong and never doing
anything about it'."
THE BRAIN-CHILD being a
success, Miller is optimistic about
getting more people to work with
him on the project staff for next
summer, expanding the number of
students in the program, starting
more projects in other ghettoes
and perhaps including some on
regional poverty and migrant
workers as well as urban problems.
And, of course, Miller is hope-
ful that the project has been edu-
cational-in a somewhat special
sense. "We're not teaching any-'
thing-just opening windows," he
says. "In two weeks you can't
'teach' anything; you just abandon
preconceptions."
But there seems to be at least
two other accomplishments of the
Cornerstone Project, and these are
far more important.
FIRST, while both Democratic
and Republican interns have gone
into the Cornerstone Project, many
of them are Republicans working
for congressmen like Bow of Ohio,
Latta of'Ohio, and Curtis of Mis-
souri-all of them who have rarely
displayed much enthusiasm or un-
derstanding for solving the prob-
lebs of poverty.
"We're snitching their interns
out from under their noses," Miller,
says, only half-joking. "The aver-
age congressman just doesn't
realize that the Protestant ethic
doesn't apply in the ghetto," he
adds-implying he hopes their in-
terns will.
If they do-and if they do begin
to understand the realities of pov-
erty-it will be a big step forward
for the future of the Republican
party, which has exhibited an os-
trich approach to nearly every im-
portant contemporary problem in
this country.
There should also be a second,
and even more important, long-
run accomplishment of the Cor-
nerstone Project; not only should
it provide the Republicans with a
new sensitivity and insight-but
with an issue as well.
THIS ISSUE is central to the
problems of race and poverty-and
it is an ancient ( and largely un-
used) Republican doctrine. It is
the belief in the virtue of the in-
dividual and the distrust of big
government as insensitive to the
individual and his rights.
For the poor-the Negroes-
have been disappointed time and
time again by a system which is
"so many people asking us what's
wrong and neverkdoing anything
about it," which purports to solve
their problems but in reality mere-
ly perpetuates their dependency.
As Adam Clayton Powell said
recently in a fascinating private
discussion of black power: "The
Negro sees himself as downtrodden
by a white power structure. He
wants to get black power to smash
the white power structure and
make it an all-American power
structure-just as the Irish and
the Jews and the labor unions did.
"For years the Republicans have
denounced big government and
exalted the individual without
knowing why. These Cornerstone
Project interns, or many of them,
at any rate, should now know why:
because big government too often
means "the system": Insensitive to
individual needs and unwilling to
listen to the individual or include
him.
AND, IF the Republicans get
anything from the Cornerstone
Project in addition to an eagerness.
to confront the twentieth century,
it should be a rededication to an
aggressive doctrine of the worth
of the individual, of the individual
as the creator of government rath-
er than its victim-a doctrine the
Republicans have nearly aban-
doned for the idle pleasure of af-
fluence and ease.
4f
Rugged Training in the Army Rsrves
-I
EDITOR'S NOTE: The writer
observed basic training in July
on special assignment for the
Detroit Free Press.
First of a three-part series
By NEAL H. BRUSS
CAMP McCOY, WISC.-Thou-
) sands of Michigan men who
have enlisted in the U.S. Army's
reserve program are being intro-
duced to soldiering here this sum
mer in rugged two-week basic
training sessions.
They are men who have not
spent six months in the reserve's
regular six-month program. Many
enlisted in the reserve as an al-
ternative to an imminent draft.
As the Army is wont to say,
some are boys who are away from
home for the first time in their
lives.
THEIR TEACHERS, both vet-
eran reservists and regular Army
men, are aware that the reservists
they are jolting through intensi-
fied lessons are much more intel-
ligent than the soldiers they train-
ed or fought beside during either
World War II or the Korean War.
The carde of instructors, in fact,
are awed to find they are train-
ing doctoral candidates. They re-
spect their pupils.
The instructors are using every
possible moment in the two-week
periods for training. They wake
their men at 4:30 a.m., work them
all day, and bring them back to
the barracks to prepare for dinner
at 4:50 p.m.
On top of this are regular night
excersises from 9 p.m. to midnight.
The soldiers are taken to their
lessons at a formal march pace.
Although they are all supposed to
have had 16 hours of drills at
their home unit, many of the
reservists have never marched be-
fore when they arrive at Camp
McCoy.
BECAUSE REGULAR Army
training camps are being used for
training of full-time enlistees and
draftees-the men who will go to
Viet Nam-and because reserve
units cannot train enlistees as fast
as they enlist, reserve commanders
are sending new men to two-week
camp?.
This training is supposed to pre-
cede rather than replace the six-
month regular basic training. One
McCoy commander says the two-
week period "provides a veneer to
cover a raw recruit."
The raw recruit learns soldier
skills that will mark him as a
specialist when he eventually is
programmed into basic training.
Every two weeks, 1,900 men
come to camp from home bases
such as the Livonia base of the
70th Division of the VI Army
Corps.
Often they bring their own
equipment: armored trucks, tanks,
artillery, and rocket launchers.
These material are supplemented
by over $24 million in the camp
motor pool.
THE CAMP ITSELF is set tri-
angularly in 60,000 strikingly
green acres near the western Wis-
consin border, in Monroe County.
It was established in 1909 and
has housed soldiers training for
every American war since then
and the Civilian Conservation
Corps.
During the winter, four feet of
snow regularly cover the camp.
Training is only conducted during
summer.
There are facilities for military
parades, rifle firing, hand-to-hand
combat, tank running, missile fir-
ing, war games, object identifica-
tion, jet takeoffs, and five-mile ar-
tillery shots.
"THE TRAINEE is being taught
to shoot, salute, and protect nim-
self on the battlefield," says Col..
Herb Marlatt who runs much of
the training operation.
"There are combative exercises
to make him aggressive. He lives in
the field for one night to teach
him how to take care of himself.
"Then men are making personal
adjustments to military service
here. I've seen them leave with
confidence they've never had be-
fore.
"We are trying to teach leader-
ship to these men. The Army needs
men with education and a sense of
enterprise. Many of our recruits
plan to go to officer candidate
school.
"Sometimes we wonder if they
will perform when they go into
active duty. For years we have
found that the reservists perform.
THE YOUNGSTERS are being
taught to kill, and they are not
allowed to forget it.
They are taught to growl as
they run into hand to hand com-
bat. They are first taught how to
fall safely and then how to flip
an enemy.
When they master the fall and
the throw, they are taught the
killing blow.
Hand-to-hand combat lessons
come during the second week, after
marching, running, and calisthen-
ics have toughened the trainees.
Jerome Valente, a market re-
searcher in Detroit for General
Motors says, "It's pretty rugged.
They are pushing us pretty hard,
but we know they don't want to
break us."
His bunkmate, Mike Patton, a
Fort Wayne, Ind. assembly line
worker says, "We recruits are a
rat pack. I was taught the code of
conduct in the rain. For a few
days, I felt pretty independent,
but after doing in enough push ups
from Wisconsin, I had to change."
Charles Haskins, curator of the
National Bank of Detroit's money
museum, says "After 11 days, it
has gone a lot smoother than I
thought it would. Still, we're being
pushed right along.
LT. COL. LES MONNET, a Fort
Wayne brewmaster, says the ma-
jority of the trainees are between
21 and 24 and have been to college.
During July, both the heat and
the humidity oppressed trainees.
There were several periods over
five days long in which tempera-
tures ranged over 105°.
But the weather and the pace of
training failed to wear down train-
ees, according to Major Howard
Trenkle, a social studies teacher
in Livonia's Bentley High School.
Trenkle is one of several reserve
officers assigned to appraise train-
ing and catch strain in reserve
units.
Col. Marlatt says, "They want to
compete within and between com-
panies. They are dogged to learn
skills. Each wants to succeed."
BUT MONNOT is startled by
the tension and physical strain in
some of his reservists. "I have men
on special diets for ulcers, men
with heart conditions. I have never
seen such tense men in the re-
serve."
They think of it this way: in the
reserves, they figure, they have
about an 80 per cent chance of
avoiding the battlefield. But, if
they are sent to war, they will
need all the "education they can
get."
TOMORROW: The Muscle of
the Reserve.
Detroit's Plum Street:
Imagination and Fun
CHARLIE COBB, the Michaelangelo
Buonarroti of Detroit's new Plum
Street project, a semi-private urban re-
newal venture, parries all attacks by
prophets of doom.
"Plum Street isn't going to die," he says.
It hasn't really opened up."
Cobb's latest voluntary is a set of old-
time bathtubs, painted black, and stuffed
with geraniums and other flora,
FROM HIS BLANKET at Kensington
Metropolitan Park, pot-bellied Char-
lie, 19, a California art student home in
Detroit for the summer, recently disclosed
that several new enterprises have been
begun since the project's initial opening
on July 4.
-A stationary store selling official Fro-
do Baggins bumper stickers, the only out-
let for Hobbit regalia in the Detroit area.
-A guitar store run by veteran De-
troit musicologist, Al Majors.
-A free speech clinic at Elton Park,
one block south of Plum Street.
-A combined bar and restaurant con-
vertable into a coffee house. Buffs under
21 will be able to enter.
-Several antique shops.
-Newsstands selling the Detroit hippy
newspaper, "The Fifth Estate."
CURRENTLY OPERATING on Plum
street is a store called The Wee Folk,
owned and operated by a pair of eight-
year-olds.
It is a converted ice locker stocked
Business Staff
SUSAN PERLSTADT ............... Business Manager
with licorice and other goodies. The child
on duty assails you as you walk down the
street:
"Hey, kid, do you want a piece of can-
dy? ..."
Next door is an apartment house with
Tiffany windows. It was saved from dem-
olition, structurally strengthened, and re-
furnished. A few tenants have taken mod-
erately priced rooms.
"We will be open in a month," Charlie
articulated while fielding his Miami yel-
low Frisbee. "We'll have a lot to offer
soon."
"People have been shaking their fists
at us, telling us we are doomed, but they're
a minority.
"Hundreds of people have come to Plum
Street since we opened. We ran out of
space in our guest book. They've bought a
lot of books and beads.
"They tell us Plum Street is a good
idea and promise to come back when our
bar and coffee shop open."
PLUM STREET is located between
Fourth and Fifth Streets in Detroit's
Inner City, less than a mile from Cass
Technical High School. It is a temporary
access route for eastbound Vernor traffic.
It is a street re-created through the
efforts of Detroit government, utilities,
citizens, entrepreneurs, and Charlie
Cobb's paint gun.
NEAL BRUSS
Motor Pool
AMERICAN MOTORS yesterday joined
the club by announcing that its sales
had fallen off and that it would pay no
dividends to stockholders this year.
Q n V %77- n trnnv-a s-. 01+n -n is ~
The Strange Life of the Journalist
By PAT O'DONOHUE
WHAT IS JOURNALISM and
how is it regarded by the
world outside its realm?
We must first define the word
journalism. By journalism I do
not mean a course of journalism
given in a university or the art
per se. I mean the career; the art
of journalism in its actual opera-
tion and as envisioned in the
minds of its practicioners.
MANY OUTSIDE the realm of
the printer's ink, the shop and the
roar of the linotype machine, re-
gard a newspaper or its glossy
counterpart, the magazine, as a
world of its own, sealed off to pro-
tect its occupants. As people dis-
appear behind the doors of some-
one's Daily they mourn their lost
friend and weep for his loss of a
well-rounded social life. He is ac-
cused of becoming a journalistic
machine. He is feared for his
public power and pitied for his
position behind a typewriter, his
ears jointed to the nearest phone.
However, the term "journalistic
machine" is a contradiction in
terms. The very nature of journal-
ism requires a creative, inquisitive
mind. A journalistic machine is
the AP wir'e, it is a tool of the
journalist rather than the char-
acter of the journalist himself.
The published results of jour-
~nle:nnfnra - . -a ~~ hr-'+c
few personal friends outside the
journalistic world in which he
dwells, the public friends he makes
through his fact-finding missions
suffice.
He is, in the abstract, a self-
appointed professor in public edu-
cation. A lack of information sows
the seeds of ignorance and in this
era we can ill afford ignorance.
In an era wreathed in complexity
and the interrelations of millions
of anonymous human beings, John
Doe needs all the information he
can get. And he cannot rely on
one source for this information;
one source alone cannot provide
the ideal in objectivity.
THERE ARE MANY unique
characteristics of the journalist
himself, which stamp his whole
profession and which necessarily
force him to live the life of many
people rather than his own.
He may be initially regarded as
rather egocentric in the sense than
he honestly believes he has the
almighty power to change, or at
least initiate the spirit of change
in others.
He believes in the responsibility
as well as the power of the pen.
In most cases he has knighted
himself as the overseer of the Es-
tablishment (for someone must
keep an eye on its actions, as it
is rarely done from within). As a
conscientous objector to the im-
personal bureaucracy of the Es-
stinct and the joy of a clever
question bringing forth an un-
expected gold mine in an answer.
THE JOURNALISTIC CODE is
not a formal institution, it is in-
bred in the soul of the journalist.
It is a conglomeration of ethics
which would probably not meet
with the approval of a recognized
moralist, such as Socrates, but it
exists nonetheless.
-A story is a story is a story
. . . if it's news it will be printed.
If you have a glimmer of news you
aplproach it as if you knew all the
facts and are merely checking
them out with the man on the
other end of the Bell line. He 'will
usually confirm your judgment of
the facts.
-Facts must be printed but
rumors may be included, provided
they are identified as such. And if
they elicit more facts so much
the better.
-If your source wishes to re-
main anonymous he becomes a
"high official."
-A constant communications
network is in effect among the
members of the trade; you tell me
some news, give me a lead, and
I'll give you one in the future. You
reprint my article and I'll reprint
yours.
-Never apologize for your pai-
ticular "rag," it is the expression
of your ideas. Some are obviously
haiP,. +hn n nhs hii- ,,n.. , ici
He is a man of few ideals. When
one searches for truth and facts
it is nearly impossible to retain
the quality of idealism. Idealism is
the luxury of the naive; it is af-
forded by ignorance of what is
actually taking place outside the
palace of one's own heart and
mind.
He has faith, not the organized
faith of a particular domination,
but one unique to the world in
which he lives. He has faith in
himself and to some paradoxical
degree, in the rationality of man-
kind.
He believes in his ability to find
the facts, to discern the truth,
and, while he does not trust others
to do it for him, he believes that
only he can do it for others. He
does not trust their rationality to
the extent that he believes they
will educate themselves. He hopes
they will be rational enough to
believe, and read, him.
JOURNALISM is not an art or
a talent it. is an instinct. It is a
way of life and the journalist lives
it. It is a world which is likely
to infiltrate yours. It is a world
which knows no bounds and this
fact alone makes it livable.
LETTERS:
More Argument
On 'Melodrama'
I
To the Editor:
MR. BARRETT W. Kalellis' reply
(Daily Thursday) to my note
on Melodrama is consistent within
itself but quite unrelated to the
original piece that I wrote. In my
reviews I attempt to work out my
ideas in a logical progression. I
expect, not too unreasonably, that
my readers start at the beginning
and finish at the end.
Thus I am not suggesting that
if we are "charmed" then we have
t, - ,, , i.,mt-Il artin f
mere foolishness. Kalellis' defini-
tion of melodrama is not mine.
Indeed it is the very lack of super-
ficiality and pretentiousness that
are the reasons that the American
Drama Festival is able to aspire
to the first rate theatre.
THE LAST PARAGRAPH of
Kalellis' letter shows most clearly
his "cut-out" type mentality. My
"post-facto Freudian analysis"
was linked to the humor of the
r,- ta +hat +is fhn tm oa f the
4
I