T'UESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1961
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
TUEDA - SETEBR -9 1961l THE1MICHIGAN1 AI
- .--- --- T-
OPENS TODAY:
U.S. Plans for UN General Assembly Session
Foreigners Learn About U.S.
Through Orientation Program
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
Associated Press News Analyst
WASHINGTON - President
John F. Kennedy's handling of
United States foreign policy is des-
tined to undergo its first major
United Nations test in the 99-
nation General Assembly session
opening in New York today.
Four issues are critical-Com-
munist China, Berlin, disarma-
ment and nuclear testing. Two at
least-the war-threatening Berlin
dispute and the Communist bid to
.seat Red China in the United Na-
tions-are sure to stir up bitter
East-West battles.
The United States and its West-
ern allies will need on these and
perhaps other controversial ques-
tions all the votes they can scrape
together to win favorable verdicts.
In advance of the Assembly
opening, United States officials
professed confidence that Ameri-
can policies and American pres-
tige will come through their trials
well, although perhaps a bit battle
scarred.
New Element
One new element expected to
strengthen the hands of Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk and Am-
bassador Adlai Stevenson as they
fight the battles of ballots and
oratory is Russia's strategy of ter-
ror against the Western allies and
to some extent the whole non-
Communist world. The strategy
embraces Soviet Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev's nuclear war threats
and his resumption two weeks ago
of nuclear weapons testing.
To what extent the United
States will actually gain from Rus-
sia's breaking of the nuclear test
moratorium in force for the past
three years remains to be seen on
the floor of the Assembly, however.
Officials privately concede that
the advantage, if any, will be less
than first hoped for when Moscow
announced it had decided to start
exploding nuclear weapons again.
UN Members
The attitudes of UN members
will be determined by the ques-,
tion whether they were more an-
tagonized or more frightened.
United States hopes for propagan-
da and political gains were de-
rived initially from the assump-
tion that most nations, particularly'
those of Africa and Asia, would be
deeply resentful of the Soviet ac-
tion. The hope was they would
side more with the West and less
with the Sino-Soviet bloc on ma-
jor international issues.
However, the combination of the;
Berlin war scare and the Soviet
nuclear campaign has created a
fear of war which appears among
the neutral countries to override
the older fear of poisonous radio-1
active fallout from the atmosphere
as a result of Soviet test explo-
sions.
In the recent 25-nation con-
ference of neutrals at Belgrade,
the delegates concentrated not on
condemning Russia's resumption
of testing but on demanding that
Kennedy and Khrushchev open
direct negotiations to save the
world from a nuclear calamity1
arising out of the Berlin crisis.
Member Nations
Among the 99 member nations
the State Department counts 46
as belonging to the Afro-Asian
bloc. These countries do not al-
ways vote as a bloc on all issues.
But unlike the UN Assembly of
earlier years, when the Western
powers usually had a comfortable
majority, the African and Asian
states now control an impressive
ballot power.
This is an important element in
all United States calculations of
what can be accomplished in the
General Assembly meeting. It has
a direct bearing on Kennedy's
handling of foreign policy since
he took office last January. The
principal shift of emphasis which
the Kennedy administration has
made in foreign relations has been
to try to identify the interests of
the African and Asian countries
with those of the United States
and other Western democracies.
By GERALD STORCH
In addition to the regular orien-1
tation program offered by the
University, incoming foreign stu-
dents also have the opportunity to
take part in a supplemental week
of getting acquainted with thej
campus.
"We encourage new foreign stu-
dents to arrive as early as pos-
sible," International Center coun-I
selor William West says.
They need the extra time to
secure housing and to become
familiar with a different way of
life, he explains.
As soon as the new foreign
students come to Ann Arbor, they,
make their way (with the aid of
a map mailed to them in the
summer) to the International
Center, where they are processed
and given leads to housing open-
ings.
First Program
The first orientation program'
itself began Sept. 5, when the
new foreign students were given
a bus tour of Ann Arbor.
During the rest of the days be-
fore the regular orientation be- a foreign stude
gan, tours and events were held relation to them
in the afternoons and evenings, However, thec
with the mornings left open for made in the lig
the students to complete housing ties involved in
arrangements. of many backg:
Included in the special orienta- For instance,
tion schedule were a trip to the American social
Michigan State Fair, a varsity more helpful tc
football scrimmage and a toutr of of less similar
the Phoenix Memorial Center. than to new
Race Relations grounds more
Prof. James Randall of Flint American tradi
Junior Community College lec- "Most of the
tured to the foreign students on dents seemed t
race relations in the United States extra program,'
This was done, West says, because "About three
the subject is of primary interest participated, al
to most foreign students and is h summer Job
a major topic among these stu- s i g a m
E dents in their home lands. spring and sum
The students also heard a talk volunteered to a
by Prof. Albert Marckwardt, head and events.
of the English Language Insti- Twelve local
tute,' on the English language in provided free af
relation to social customs and at- the new studenti
titudes here. Council and the
Next year more emphasis may Foundation pr(
be given to a closer look at these tion for foreigr
social customs and the problems to look for privy
-AP wirephoto
GENERAL ASSEMBLY - The State Department has been planning strategy for this year's session
of the United Nations General Assembly which opens today. Though the session may lack the flam-
boyance provided last year by Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev (shown above, extreme right),
several serious issues, including Berlin, disarmament and the admission of Red China confront the
IT'S HAPPENING NOW!
United States delegation.
Kennedy administration plans
for the General Assembly call for
fighting out the Red China issue
in committee and floor debates, for
supporting what United States of-
ficials judge to be reasonable
resolutions on colonialism, for a
return to nuclear test ban nego-
tiations, resumption of disarma-
ment talks and for maximum pos-
sible UN suport for Western rights
in West Berlin.
Congo Situation
Problems such as the Congo
situation and Cuban complaints
against the United States are not
expected by officials here to cause
serious trouble even though they
may produce a vast outpouring of
oratory.
The first of the critical issues
likely to come up is that of Red
China. State Department officials
say the. Communist bloc may press
its demand to oust Nationalist
China and unseat a Communist
Chinese delegation at the very out-
set of the assembly.
The United States and its allies
expect they will be able to defeat
this maneuver by arguing that
the question is of such importance
as to require careful deliberation.
In a \switch of tactics, the United
States will favor full-scale debate
on the Chinese issue.
Voting Situation
The voting situation on the
Chinese problem is complicated,
however, by the desire of a bloc
of a dozen African nations to ob-
tain membership for Mauretania.
The Soviet Union has declared
that unless Outer Mongolia is ad-
mitted it will block Mauretania.
Nationalist China informed the
United States it will veto Outer
Mongolian membership.
In this tangled situation the bloc
of African states with its dozen
or so votes has threatened to vote
against the United States on the
Red China issue.
State Department experts say
it is impossible to determine yet
whether resentment against Rus-
sia's use of nuclear tests for what
the United States has called
"atomic blackmail" will have an
influence on voting decisions on
such issues as membership for
Red China.
Same Uncertainty
The same uncertainty applies to
other specific issues, disarmament
among them, though the adminis-
tration's position is that Russia
has alienated world public opinion
to some degree by its strategy of
terror.
The United States plans to
make a major case against Soviet
behavior in this respect on two
points: first, that Russia chose to
test in the atmosphere with at-
tendant risk of radioactive falloutf
an rejected a United States-
British proposal to limit all future
tests to underground explosions.
American officials hope this line
of argument will put Russia in a!
defensive position and will help
to win votes for a resolution ad-
vocating a prompt return to ne-
gotiations for a ban on nuclear
tests as a first step toward agree-
ments to halt the arms race.
Broad-Scale.
This in turn ties in to proposals
for getting broad scale disarma-
ment negotiations between the
western powers and the Soviet
Union started up again after a
lapse of many months. In this
connection the United States and
its allies are most concerned that
any UN resolution should give
considerable weight to the im-
portance of adequate inspection
arrangements.
The western powers would like
to avoid a General Assembly call ?
for agreement on "general and
complete disarmament" without
provisions for inspection and for
the progress by slow stages which
would be necessary if real dis-
armament steps are ever to be
set in motion.
Are you a graduate student, unable to enroll in a language course
necessary to fulfill your doctorate requirements?
Or are you a medical technology student whose required zoology
course was closed before you registered?
Did YOU get shut out of an essential course this semester?
POLITICS REALLY DO AFFECT YOU!
This spring the Republican conservatives who dominate the Mich-
igan Senate cut the University's budget to the point where Uni-
versity departments have been forced to limit enrollment in vital
courses due to lack of funds!
The University of Michigan
YOUNG DEMOCRATIC CLUB
FIRST MEETING
Wednesday, September 20
7:30 P.M. Michigan Ur
SELF-SERVE
DRUG AREA
THE FOOD MART HAS THE
MOST COMPLETE STOCK
OF YOUR DAILY NEEDS
-AP wirephoto
UN SOLDIER-Like the Malayan shown aboVe, United Nations soldiers have been helping to main-
tain order in the Congo. The thorny problem of the African nation is expected to come up at the
UN General Assembly session which opens today.
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