FRIDAY, APRIL 17 1964
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
PAGE THE
FRDYARL 7 18 HE MC IG N AIYP W '
i t'ixi 1AiU1
U.,S. Gives Detal s
Of' Control Plan
Freeze Large Missiles, Bombers,
Provide for Continual Base Checks
GENEVA (P-The United States explained in detail yesterday
President Lyndon B. Johnson's proposed freeze on nuclear delivery
weapons, saying it could be carried out without inspection of stock-
piles.
The Soviet Union at once cold shouldered the idea, although
it apparently was designed to overcome in part Russian objections
Qto international inspection
of
various stages of disarmament.
U.S. Delegate Adrian S. Fisher
said the freeze would apply to all
land-based missiles with a range
of more than 621 miles and to all
sea-based missiles--such as the
Polaris-with a range of more than
62 miles.
Bombers, Missiles
In addition, it would include all
strategic bombers weighing more
than 27.5 tons, their air-to-surface
missiles with a range of more than
62 miles, and strategic anti-missile
systems.
Strategic airfields and launch-
ing pads would be placed under
permanent international surveil-
lance. Any increase or improve-
ment of strategic delivery systems
would be banned.
There would be no inventory or
control of existing weapons, Fish-
er said. By keeping tabs on all
production facilities and launch-
ing sites, the proposed treaty would
automatically freeze stockpiles at
the level reached when the treaty
comes into force.
Expose Secrets
Soviet Delegate Semyon K.
Tsarapkin objected to the whole
verification procedure as an at-
tempt to expose Soviet defense se-
crets to the scrutiny of Western
spies.
While repeating the old Soviet
objections to the Johnson idea, he
carefully left the door open for
continuing negotiations.
CHARLES DE GAULLE
.Doubts Aid
From.Alilies
PARIS P-) - French President
Charles de Gaulle defended his
budding nuclear force last night
with a declaration that France
must have these weapons because
she cannot count on the United
States to defend her.
As long as the Soviet Union
threatens the West, France can
be destroyed and invaded "without
any certainty that our American
allies, themselves directly exposed
to death, will be able to prevent
this for us," he told a nationwide
radio-television audience.
The government announced late
last year that atomic bombs and
Mirage IV supersonic airplanes to
deliver them were on production
lines. There is no evidence yet,
however, that France has a fully
operational strike unit ready to
take to the air. Plans are going
ahead for testing of a hydrogen
bomb in the Pacific within two
years.
De Gaulle also stoutly backed
his aid program for Africa, Asia
and Latin America.
Expert Cites
Russian Aid
Curtailment
LONDON (M)--An authority on
Soviet economic affairs says the
Soviet Union has curtailed its aid
to the developing nations for both
economic and political reasons.
Alfred Zauberman, a lecturer at
the London School of Economics,
made the statement in an article
in "The World Today," a month-
ly publication issued by the Roy-
al Institute of International Af-
fairs.
He said the Soviet Union has
tightened its foreign payment po-
sition.
"The effort to modernize the
industrial structure entails vast
imports of capital goods, complete
plants and know-how," he said.
"Hence, there is a strong prob-
ability of further expansion of the
USSR's trade with the West and
of a further quest for Western
credits, with the obvious political
as well as economic consequences."
One of the results of the tight-
ened foreign payments is the "dis-
cernible loss of impetus in the So-
viet Union's aid to retarded coun-
tries outside her orbit," he wrote.
He said credits to these coun-
tries were estimated at $400 mil-
lion, or roughly 0.5 per cent of the
aid provided by the West. He add-
ed that new Soviet pledges in 1963
were half the amount for the pre-
vious year.
He expressed belief the situation
probably is due partly to non-
economic considerations-"to the
fact that political yields on this
outlay have not borne out expec-
tations."
At the United Nations Trade
and Development Conference in
Geneva Soviet delegates have de-
livered harsh attacks on the aid
program by the United States and
other Western powers for the de-
veloping countries.
SEMYON K. TSARAPKIN
ROCKEFELLER:
State Passes
Li uor Rules
ALBANY (R) - Gov. Nelson A.
Rockefeller won a major victory at
home last night when the New
York Legislature approved his bit-
terly debated liquor-law reforms,
and he returned immediately to
the national campaign trail.
FOOD-FOR-PEACE PLAN:
Farm Surplus Moves into Aid Program
By OVID A. MARTIN
Associated Press Farm Writer
WASHINGTON--Surplus Ame-
rican food is complementing-and
in some cases replacing-the dol-
lar in performing a multitude of
jobs for the nation and its friends
abroad.
Those jobs include bridge-
building, construction of American
military and other housing, erec-
tion of schools, financing of re-
search, translation of books, pay-
ment of American obligations in
some countries, building of com-
mon defense facilities and many
more.
The extent to which this food is
being used in place of dollars is
outlined in the government's re-
cent report on what is popularly
called the food-for-peace program.
Under this program, farm sur-
pluses-many accumulated under
government price-support opera-
tions-are made available to eco-
nomically weak countries under
concessionary terms. In some
cases, they are donated to help
relieve famine and distress grow-
ing out of disasters.
$11.4 Billion
Since the program was started
in 1954, more than $11.4 billion in
farm products have been moved
abroad under the program.
In most cases, countries receiv-
ing the food pay for it in their
own currencies because they do
not have the dollars or other cur-
rencies readily accepted in for-
eign exchange.
Uncle Sam uses these curren-
cies to finance scores of activities
designed to help both this country
and the recipients of the food. He
can do this without using his own
dollars, and thus hold down his
balance-of-payments deficits.
Without the food, this country
could not have carried on all the
activities abroad that it has with-
out running into a very serious
foreign exchange problem that
might have forced a cheapening
of the dollar.
Mauor Job
Doubtless thermost important
task financed by American food
has been the lending of the for-
eign currencies it received for the
food back to the recipient coun-
tries to help them finance eco-
nomic development. A total of
$4.3 billion has been loaned.
The United States expects in
time to get this money back-with
better customers for its food and
financial products.
This country also has made
grants totaling $1.8 billion for
economic development. Some of
the projects financed by these
loans and grants include rehabil-
itation of run-down transporta-
tion systems, construction of vo-
cational schools, construction of
sanitary and water systems, build-
ing of bridges and roads.
This country has used $1.7 bil-
lion of the foreign currencies to
pay its obligations, such as ex-
penses of embassies. This has
saved dollars. It has loaned $179
million to private U.S. concerns
to develop new industries in the
developing countries.
Farm Markets
Money from the program has
been used to the extent of $79
million to help develop new
markets for U.S. farm products
by financing trade fairs, research
on consumer demands, food-pro-
cessing schools, cooking demon-
strations, merchandizing clinics
and advertising.
A total of $545 -million worth of
food has been used to finance
common defense facilities in 15
friendly countries. Nearly $94
million has been used to build
military housing abroad. A total
of $14 million has been used on
U.S. information programs, includ-
ing distribution of periodicals,
translation of books and distribu-
tion of motion pictures and radio,
and television programs.
Nearly $45 million worth of food
has been used to finance educa-
tional exchange programs which
bring foreign students to this
country and send American stu-
dents to other countries. Slightly
more than $16 million has been
spent on scientific research per-
formed for thiscountry by scien-
tific institutions abroad.
Medical Education
More than $18 million has been.
used to help promote medical and
THE LIVELY
CRICKET HEEL
by American Girl is
higher-than-flat, more
flattering-than-flat.
It's the heel height
you've wished for,
now at Jacobson's.
On the sprite-liest new
open spectator. Black,
red or bone patent.
6.99
.
. :_<
+ . ..
._ , ,
'^*
' k
e .
. '_ :
.
i p
t$
ij
{I
health education in other coun-
tries.
Some of the foreign currency re-
ceived for the food is sold to
American tourists. Such sales help
reduce the flow of dollars abroad.
The food-for-peace program
will be 10 years old in July. Orig-
inally conceived largely as a meas-
ure for disposing of farm surplus-
es in a constructive way, the pro-
gram has developed, government
sponsors say, "as an instrument
that is also effective in support
of our trade and foreign policy
goals, and a major tool in the
worlawide struggle for freedom
from hunger.' .
The administration has asked
Congress to extend the program
three more years. No strong op-
position is indicated.
World News Roundup
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON-President Lyn-
don B. Johnson said yesterday the
total output of goods and services
in the United States zoomed to
an annual rate of $608.5 billion
in the first quarter of 1964, up
$37 billion over the same period
of last year. Johnson also said
the unemployment rate dipped
form 5.8 per cent to 5.4 per cent
during the same period. At the
same time, he said, employment
climbed by 1.5 million.
He said the cost of living index
in the United States had remain-
ed more stable than that of any
other major industrial nation in
the world.
WASHINGTON-Harold Brown,
Pentagon director of research, said
yesterday there is no military
need for a 100-megaton bomb.
Brown, addressing a House Ap-
propriations subcommittee, pitted
himself against the views of the
Air Force chief of staff; Gen. Cur-
tis E. Lemay, who has told Con-
gress many tmies that the United
States needs such a bomb. This
was one reason cited by Lemay
for opposing the administration's
nuclear test ban treaty.
UNITED NATIONS-The Unit-
ed Arab Republic has broken the
front of those refusing to pay for
the United Nations operation in
The Congo by paying almost all of
its arrears on that item.
ALGIERS - Algerian President
Ahmed Ben Bella opened the first
congress of the ruling National
Liberation party in Algiers yester-
day with an appeal to forget the
past and get along with the future.
Bella urged building of demo-
cratic structures, organizing elec-
tions for all levels of government
and carrying on with socialism anld
other worker-management control
of enterprise.
He proclaimed "our unshaking
support of Cuba, no matter what
the cost. He pledged aid also to
African nationalists in Angola and
Mozambique and praised the So-
viet bloc for its support in the
fight against "imperialism."
* * *
NEW YORK - Stock market
averages inched their way to rec-
ord high again yesterday, in fair-
ly active trading. The Dow-Jones
65 stock average closed up .16,
with 30 industrials up .22, 20 rails
up.23 and 15 utilities up .09.
Young Timers
Shoes
YEARNING FOR AN EDUCATIONAL
EXPERIENCE ?
Build your own Hi-Fi system! Give yourself
the opportunity to experience a truly inspir-
ing weekend! Break away from humdrum
epicurean routine and build an amplifier
this Saturday night.
-The #4ic Ceitter
304 S. Thayer 1304 S. University
I
The Engineering Council presens-
TECHNIRAMA '64
ENGINEERING'
OPEN HOUSE
Featuring:
* Nuclear Reactor
Naval Test Tank
* Sub and Supersonic Wind Tunnel
* NASA Mercury Space Capsule
SPECIAL
SATURDAY MATINEE
FORROMANOFF & JULIET
SAVES AD WRITER
Imagine an ad writer with noth-
ing to write about. Horrible
thought, isn't it?
You can imagine how terrible our
copywriter felt when we told him
ROMANOFF & JULIET was al-
most sold out even before he wrote
a single ad.
He cried.
Well, we had to do something so
we arranged a Special Saturday
Mdtinee at 2 p.m.-April 1_8-
with all seats reserved for only
$1.50. It gave him something to
write about.
He smiled. We think we pre-
vented a suicide. The human
thing to do, of course.
I
Sr
mor
--
*a95
"ihwh "GRASSHOpr'Kd-ih
"
. . feKE nd ter a 49ed5ontuin
w
a e oebuc oteone e u
'lgtegt" rshpe"Kd-wt
thi0itntvlwcu tlnterco
feladterfmusKd osrcin
" n its asalo ore
+ stup
I SI .5 edC
-
A perennial favorite that's now a classic
tradition, our cable-knit tennis sweater.
Available in V-neck and cardigan fronts;
trims of navy/maroon, AIS to $200
For Girls-The classic V-neck and a
new high button cardigan in trims
of navy/maroon. Ad to $1950
I
Saturday, Apr.
18, 9 A.M. to 5 P.M.
I 'ZiirA Ar 10 1 P M to P M
I)
I