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"Well, You Ought To Know About 'Growthmanship'
r I
- i
COMMUNIST RIFT:
Khrushchev May Have
Upset China s Plans
BY WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press News Analyst
CHINA'S COMMUNIST leaders, in a sullen mood, may have been
planning a miiltary advance in Asia and have been balked by Soviet
Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev's interference.
In violent exchanges, the Chinese by implication recently accused
Khrushchev and the Kremlin of impeding further Red conquests."
Retorting, the Kremlin seemed to accuse Peiping of recklessly endan-
gering the whole world movement.
Khrushchev's arguments for disarming and relaxation of world
tensions seem to have prevailed for now, and to have rallied support
AY, JULY 2, 1960
NIGHT EDITOR: JEAN SPENCER
Political Stands Belong
With Issues, not Individuals
SEN. WAYNE MORSE said in his recent
speech here before the Conference on Aging
that the art of politics was the art of decep-
tion, and that responsible citizen statesman-
ship was necessary to discourage this practice.
He further emphasized that all candidates
should express their views on the issues of a
campaign in order to let the voters know
where they stand and to give the voter some-
thing of record, something to expect from the
candidates.
The glib, attractive, personable speaker filled
with vague promises and allusions to twisted
facts provides no intelligent basis on which to
judge him as a candidate and future official.
Sen. Morse, onetime Republican, onetime in-
dependent, present Democrat, has stressed
again a point that has been unfortunately
ignored by politicians for a long time.
And the same situation has occurred in the
local campaigns. Two Democratic candidates
have issued statements challenging their Re-
publican opponents to state whether they
support the voting records and philosophies
of the incumbents for whose seats they are
contending. Since the incumbents are Repub-
licans, the question becomes one of agreeing
with the "party" views as interpreted by the
present office-holder.
THEQUESTION, besides being somewhat
foolish, places the stress exactly at the
point Morse said must be avoided. It empha-
sizes taking a stand upon an individual per-
sonality and his beliefs, not upon the indi-
vidual issues of the campaign.
To question whether a candidate supports
his party colleague entirely is an attempt to
place the candidate in an uncompromising
position. Most assuredly, the best way to find
out where a contender stands is to ask him
to state his opinions on various questions that
are of vital interest to the voters. Questions on
con-con, state tax revision, and aid to educa-
tion are some of the outstanding issues which
should be answered by individuals--not in-
cluded in a package confirmation of the voting
record of an incumbent who will soon vacate
office.
Any thinking candidate will not tie himself
exclusively to the program of his predecessor,
as some Democratic hopefuls have attempted
to force Republicans into doing. He cannot, on
the other hand, totally repudiate the stand of
his party colleague, for he would lose the
campaign endorsement of the party, upon
which our political system is based.
THE DEMOCRATS have certainly failed in
their attempts to get the Republican oppo-
sition to commit themselves and have appeared
somewhat foolish. They have attempted to
place individuals above the issues of, the cam-
paign and have failed to inform the voters
clearly of their own stands.
This does not excuse the Republicans front
stating explicity their views of issues and phil-
osophies. The voter is the only one being
short-changed in this pointless questioning
procedure, for he is-or should be-concerned
with the stands of the candidates on issues,
not upon their endorsement of an official who
will soon be out of office.
-MICHAEL BURNS
'S TwoFaces)
that train of thought have been getting strong
support from the Peiping regime iin Red China.
Mao Tse-tung's Chinese Communists have
strongly opposed Khrushchev's stand that war
is not inevitable.
AS MUCH AS the current government of the
USSR is distasteful to the free world, the
present ideological clash behind the Iron Cur-
tain indicates that we might find the world
situation even more precarious and the cold
war hotter if the Mao school of thought gained
pre-eminence.
The growing power of mainland China has
not yet approached a level where it could suc-
cessfully challenge Moscow, but its potential in
even pure manpower makes a glance into the
future a nervous one. It gives some degree of
credibility (and takes the humor from) a long-
standing Washington joke that goes, "An op-
timist is one who is learning Russian; a pessi-
mist is learning Chinese."
-MICHAEL GILLMAN
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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Poor Judgment on Tokyo
By DREW PEARSON
from Soviet and European Com-
munists. But the quarrel is far
from ended.
THE CHINESE, by implication,
accuse Khrushchev of being as
much, if not more, a deviationist
than the man they call "the de--
spicable" Tito of Yugoslavia.
Pointedly, Chinese politburo
member Peng Cheng, addressing
the recent Romanian Communist
Congress, reminded Khrushchev
that Moscow is pledged to view
any attack on Red China as an
attack on the whole Communist
camp.
Knowing how Communists oper-
ate, one can speculate that Peiping
foresaw a possibility of armed
conflict with the United States,
possibly Peiping planned to move
against Formosa, an attack which
would involve the United States.
Khrushchev may have scented
danger.
SUDDENLY", a wide - ranging
Communist wrangle erupted over
Lenin's precept that war between
Communism and capitalism is in-
evitable.
Khrushchev thundered: there
must be no divergent views in
interpreting questions of the world
revolution; world war is not in-
evitable, despite Lenin, because of
today's conditions; Communism
must win the world by other
means, though none could say just
when or how. Khrushchev insisted
his summitry and peaceful co-
existence campaigning must not
be taken as deviation from Lenin-
ism.
Soviet theoreticians produced a
concrete example of wrong think-
ing: The Iraqi Communists erred
in trying to take power in Bagh-
dad without necessary outside
support, and were reps.lsed.
This says that caution comes
first. Moscow must give the word
before any country is seized.
Moscow had not been ready to
gamble in Iraq.
, * *
PEIPING reacted violently to
such talk. All this, it snorted,
smacked of Titoism and could dis-
rupt the Communist movement.
Peiping contended that Commun-
ists must never lose a chance to
seize what the Reds call "the na-
tional democratic revolution" in
any underdeveloped country. Those
preaching peaceful competition
"have set the struggle for world
peace against the movement for
national independence and democ-
racy."
The Communist world leadership
is now involved in explaining the
quarrel to the rank and file and
to the world. The argument may
prove decisive for the future o a
monolithic world vmovement.
RED CHINA:
A Growing
Economy
WASHINGTON VP)(-Red China
is reported to have stepped up
its industrial production an aver-
age of 23 per cent a year in recent
years-and at little cost to its
Communist big brother, the Soviet
Union.
This is one of the findings in a
study prepared for the Senate-
House economic committee, which
is compiling comparisons of the
United States and Soviet econ-
omies.
Nevertheless, the study - pre-
pared by the Central Intelligence
Agency with help from the state
and defense departments and
made public Thursday-concluded,
"In balance, it is felt that the
Western powers gain more from
their alliances than the Soviet
Bloc does from its bloc and pact
system."
THE COMMITTEE had asked
for an appraisal of the two
systems. In giving it, CIA called
for a "sobering realization that
the Soviet gains result in . . . a
serious challenge."
"Barring some unusual and un-
expected development . . . it is
estimated that the rapid growth
in Communist China's economic
strength will continue and that
this growth will be of increasing
benefit to the world power posi-
tion of the USSR."
* * ,
THE SOVIET UNION has helped
China, the report said, by timely
and selective shipment of ma-
chinery and equipment and sup-
ply of technicians. Some 300 major
plants built with Soviet assistance,
150 actually operating in 1959,
form the backbone of Chinese in-
dustrial development, the report
went on. And it said: "The Soviet
support for Communist China's
forced industrialization program
has not been of any significant
cost to the USSR."
China can take on an increasing
share of the foreign aid portions
of Communist bloc economic poli-
cies, the report said, and its eco-
nomic advance "will greatly bene-
fit the USSR through its effect on
the bloc's general economic
strength.
The one sour note from the
Soviet viewpoint, the report went
on, is China's increasing inde-
pendence.
ij,
4
-4
I
commullIlsm
THEBASIC split between the two Communist
schools of thought has been brought into
sharp focus by Monday's well-publicized Prav-
da article on Communism's ability to co-exist
with the capitalist world.
The official organ of the Communist party
in Moscow declared, in accordance with
Khrushchev's oft-stated doctrine, that East
and West could peacefully co-exist, and that
eventually world communism will triumph.
Western observers, while placing little cred-
ence in the eventual victory of a Soviet-type
government, are at least able to draw some
consolation from the fact that the Kremlin has
not fallen completely into the hands of that
camp which preaches only the revolutionary
overthrow of capitalism. Those on the scene
have indicated that this group had more than
a little to do with the harsh line taken by Mr.
K at the recently disrupted peace talks in
Paris.
Those in the Soviet hierarchy subscribing to
I
TODAY AND TOMORROW
Disarmament Evaluated
By WAL.TE RLIOPPMANNi
ON CE AGAIN we see that progress in dis-
armament can follow, but it cannot pre-
cede, a detente, that is a relaxation of tension.
After the U-2 and the collapse of the summit
meeting a breakdown in Geneva was to be ex-
pected. Soviet-American relations had sud-
denly become much worse than they had been
at any time since the death of Stalin, and
there is not nearly enough good will to go on
pretending that we are anywhere near a meet-
ing of minds on disarmament.
In the months before the heads of govern-
ment were to meet in Paris in May, there was
a hope, which originated in France, that Mr. K.
would accept a tacit understanding to maintain
the status quo in Germany, and to treat as pro-
gress at the summit an agreement on a nuclear
test ban and some fresh instructions for the
disarmament negotiations. This hope was shat-
tered by the U-2 affair and all the consequences
of Mr. Khrushchev's rupture of personal rela-
tions with Mr. Eisenhower. Paris, Moscow, Tok-
yo, and Geneva have been the stages of a
chain reaction.
WE MUST NOW expect a long pause before
the talks about disarmament are resumed.
In itself this pause would be a good thing if
it meant that in Washington the problem would
be restudied. For there is good reason to think
that while the Soviet aim of total disarmament
is almost certainly impossible and also unde-
sirable, our stereotyped principle of disarma-
ment with inspection is almost certainly not
practical and increasingly obsolescent.
There is nothing we can do about the Soviet
aim except to say that if total disarmament
could be achieved, the disorders in the world
would probably be very great. But there is
something we can do about our own position
and that is to re-think it. This reconsidera-,
tion will not take place before January. But
it might take place after that.
From our point of view this problem is, of
course, the heart of any disarmament negotia-
tion. Our official doctrine has been that sur-
prise attacks can be prevented by inspection-
by "open skies" which would legalize aerial in-
spection, or by the U-2 flights which were
illegal and clandestine inspection. The crucial
point, which has been raised by Mr. Kissinger
and by others, is that nispection, aerial or even
on the ground, belongs to ana age which is
past--to one in which war is conducted by
mobilizing armies and congregating bombers.
In the missile age, the more perfected the
missile, the more ineffective will be any kind
of inspection. For the essence of a perfected
missile is that it is always ready to attack.
Therefore inspection from the air or even on
the ground cannot hope to show in advance
whether the missile which is ready will in
fact be fired. To know that it would be neces-
sary to inspect not the missile but the inten-
tion of the adversary.
T IS SIGNIFICANT that the President's
"open skies" proposal was made in 1955,
and he no doubt hoped that with aerial in-
spection the photographs would show the
bombers lined up on the airfields for a surprise
attack. For in 1955 few in this country had as
yet realized what would come of the missile.
We are only in the beginning of the missile
age. But we are far enough into it to realize
that inspection-even if the Soviet government
would agree to it-is not to be relied upon. The
weapons that matter most, because of their
aalmost instant readiness, are uninspectable.
What, then, are we to rely upon? We have to
rely upon what has now become the accepted
doctrine of the Pentagon-that is to say, on
developing a deterrent power that cannot be
knocked out by a surprise attack. This, and
not inspection, is the way to reduce the ten-
Washington - President Dwight
D. Eisenhower has come back
from the Far East so furious over
the bad judgment and faulty re-
porting of Ambassador Douglas
MacArthur II, nephew of the
general, that the ambassador may
be fired.
The President blames bad ad-
vice from MacArthur for the
humiliation of being disinvited to
Tokyo. He feels that he should
not have been led into this kind
of impasse-especially because he
personally was not anxious to go
to Japan after his trip to Russia
had been canceled.
Whether or not Ike will carry
through with his idea that Mac-
Arthur should be transferred re-
mains to be seen. State depart-
ment career diplomats operate a
closed shop just as tight as that
of John L. Lewis in his mining
heyday. And unless direct orders
come from the White House, the
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULIETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-"
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. two days preced-
ing publication.
SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1960
VOL. LXX, NO. 10
General Notices
University Libraries, including the
General Library. the Undergraduate Li-
brary, and divisional libraries will be
closed Independence Day, July 4.
Classical Studies Coffee Hour: Tues.,
July 5, WestConference Room of the
Rackharn Builing, 4 p.m. All students
and friends of the Classics are cordially
invited.
Electronic Information Handling in
Libraries will be demonstrated on Wed.,
July 6, at 4:00 p.m. in the Multi-Pur-
post Room, third floor, Undergraduate
Library, by C. D. Gull, Visiting Lectur-
er, Department of Library Science. The
retrieval of information with electronic
digital computers will be shown with
(1) an animated generalized flow dia-
gram of a search and (2) a color sound
movie of a technical information ser-
vice which regularly searches on a 704
computer for information contained In
a collection of 50,000 reports.
Recitals
Student Recital: John Hofmann will
present a recital in Hill Aud. In partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree Master of Music on Tues., July
5 at 8:30 p.. He will perform compo-
sitions by Bruhns, Couperin, Bach,
Franck, Tournemier, and Dupre. Open
to the public.
Lectures
Linguistic Forum Lecture: Prof. Eric
Ceadei, Cambridge University will
speak on "The Relationship Between
Language and Script in Japanese" on
Tues., July 5 at 7:30 p.m. in the Rack-
ham Amphitheater.
Placement Notices
On Tuesday, July 5, the following
school will have representatives at the
Bureau of Appointments to interview
for the 1960-61 school year.
state department will argue that
it must save face for MacArthur
and he will stay on,
Meanwhile more details of the
ill-fated far eastern trip have
leaked out and it's possible to re-
veal much of what happened be-
hind the scenes.
One reason for the snafus was
faulty communications-at times
no communications at all. During
the 16 hours en route between
Anchorage, Alaska and Clark
Field in the Philippines, the
President was given not one single
message, His plane carried all
kinds of electronic equipment for
receiving messages, but no word
about the increased rioting in
Tokyo reached him.
This, it should be noted, is not
unusual. White House aides don't
like to bother the President with
unpleasanti news. On trips he re-
laxes, reads w e s t e r n s, plays
bridge.
Prior to Ike's departure, Ambas-
sador MasArthur had sent several
reports that the President's trip
to Japan was necessaary in order
to save democracy in Japan; that
failure to come would end Kishi's
middle-of-the-road government-
let extremists walk in. This Save-
Democracy mission appealed to
the President.
Meanwhile, MacArthur h a d
been telling the secret service
representatives in Tokyo that
student riots made no difference;
that he, MacArthur, understood
the Japanese people and they
would respect the person of the
President. The secret service,
though worrried, took the ambas-
sador at his word.
But secret service chief U. E.
Baughman, who had arrived in
Manila, was even more worried.
He became so concerned that he
permitted himself to be quoted in
Manila that he was greatly wor-
ried about the trip to Japan.
However, on June 16, the very
same day the Tokyo mob stormed
Parliament, killing one and
wounding 500, Ambassador Mac-
Arthur sent another cable on the
importance of having the Presi-
dent come to Japan.
How woefully uninformed was
the state department is illustrated
by a breakfast given in Manila on
the morning of June 17 by Am-
bassador Carlos Romulo. At 9:30
the night before, the press asso-
ciations carried the news of the
20,000 rioters who stormed the
Japanese Diet. But 11 hours later,
at breakfast, J. Graham Parsons,
Assistant Secretary of State for
the par East, did not know about
these riots.
Later that day, Walter Winchell
stood outside the Manila hotel
telling newsmen that it was all
off, Ike would not go to Tokyo.
"You take care of your business
and I'll take care of mine," Jim
Hagerty told Winchell. "The
President is going to Tokyo."
But Hagerty was enough con-
cerned to have a special phone
installed on the reviewing stand
where the President spoke, and
over this phone later came word
from Premier Kishi that the trip
was off.
mAhn th '.ir latr cc hc
shield him, had withheld the re-
ports.
A total of 125 United States
naval vessels escorted Ike to For-
mosa; so certainly there was
plently of naval communications
to handle the messages.
That was the state of semi-
ignorance in which the President
traveled.
When the President was golfing
in Honolulu he got a phone call
from Vice-President Nixon with
some very urgent advice about his
telecast to the nation. Nixon
urged, almost demanded, that Ike
make a strong defense of good-
will trips and personal diplomacy.
Nixon had been the pioneer of
these trips. And he told his chief
that the fate of the November
election was at stake, since he,
Nixon, intended to play up his
own overseas travels during his
campaign for President .,.
Eisenhower had intended to talk
only about the far East. But after
Nixon's call, he rewrote his speech
and featured the need for more
good-will trips . . . , Eisenhower
is also considering another trip-
to Nigeria this fall. He has never
been to Central Africa and ad-
visers have told him that a visit
to this new Negro republic would
be a big help in winning Negro
votes for the GOP in November.
* * *
SEN. JACK KENNEDY sent one
of his agents out to the governors'
conference to publicize a private
poll of Democratic governors sup-
posed to show Kennedy's strength.
But the poll backfired. It showed
Lyndon Johnson ahead. Including
Gov. Jimmy Davis of Louisiana
and Gov. Ernest Hollings of South
Carolina who are for Johnson but
weren't polled, Lyndon had 15 of
the Democratic governors. After
that, Kennedy's man bent his
energies toward keeping the poll
out of the papets. He pretty well
succeeded. Johnson was so sore at
the blackout he threatened to buy
an ad in the newspapers.
(Copyright 1960, by the Bell Syndicate)
BOOSTS KENNEDY:
Truman's Withdrawal'
Hurts- Symington.
S
C.
;
:1
By JACK BELL
Associated Press Writer
GLACIER National Park, Mont.
-Harry Truman's withdrawal
as a convention delegate was
viewed by most vitally concerned
Democratic governors as a new
boost for Sen. John F. Kennedy
(D-Mass) toward the party's pres-
idential nomination.
Backers of Senate Democratic
Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of
Texas naturally disputed this.
But some politically uncom-
mitted governors at this week's
Will They Do a Complete Jo?
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national conference were saying
privately what Kennedy's sup-
porters were trumpeting publicly-
that Truman's action signals the
collapse of any effective stop-
Kennedy movement.
SEN. STUART Symington (D-
Mo), who lost the conventon pres-
ence of perhaps his greatest poli-
tical asset, said he still is "running
hard as a candidate."
He said the former president's
expected absence from Los Angeles
won't alter his backing for Sym-
ington's bid for the nomination.
"He went out of way to assure
me that this decision on his part
did not in any way change his
unqualified support for my candi-
dacy," Symington said.
Whatever Truman's reason, most
of the political pros attending the
52nd annual governors' conference
felt that the former president had
come to the conclusion that Ken-
nedy is going to win the nomina-
tion.
* * *
GOV. EDMUND G. (Pat) Brown
of California observed that it
seemed to him Truman had de-
cided Symington doesn'thaveda-
chance for the nomination and
didn't want to go to the conven-
tion to be "pushed and hauled"
in a lost cause.
California's 81-vote delegation
is pledged to Brown on the first
ballot. There have been some signs
he might possibly release it at a
delegation caucus in Los Angeles
July 10, the day before the con-
vention opens.
Symington's backers have
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