L Ir ian Bily Seventieth Year v- EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN hen Opinions Are Free UNDER.AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS T Svan" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. "Well, You Ought To Know About 'Growthmanship' r I - i COMMUNIST RIFT: Khrushchev May Have Upset China s Plans BY WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press News Analyst CHINA'S COMMUNIST leaders, in a sullen mood, may have been planning a miiltary advance in Asia and have been balked by Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev's interference. In violent exchanges, the Chinese by implication recently accused Khrushchev and the Kremlin of impeding further Red conquests." Retorting, the Kremlin seemed to accuse Peiping of recklessly endan- gering the whole world movement. Khrushchev's arguments for disarming and relaxation of world tensions seem to have prevailed for now, and to have rallied support AY, JULY 2, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: JEAN SPENCER Political Stands Belong With Issues, not Individuals SEN. WAYNE MORSE said in his recent speech here before the Conference on Aging that the art of politics was the art of decep- tion, and that responsible citizen statesman- ship was necessary to discourage this practice. He further emphasized that all candidates should express their views on the issues of a campaign in order to let the voters know where they stand and to give the voter some- thing of record, something to expect from the candidates. The glib, attractive, personable speaker filled with vague promises and allusions to twisted facts provides no intelligent basis on which to judge him as a candidate and future official. Sen. Morse, onetime Republican, onetime in- dependent, present Democrat, has stressed again a point that has been unfortunately ignored by politicians for a long time. And the same situation has occurred in the local campaigns. Two Democratic candidates have issued statements challenging their Re- publican opponents to state whether they support the voting records and philosophies of the incumbents for whose seats they are contending. Since the incumbents are Repub- licans, the question becomes one of agreeing with the "party" views as interpreted by the present office-holder. THEQUESTION, besides being somewhat foolish, places the stress exactly at the point Morse said must be avoided. It empha- sizes taking a stand upon an individual per- sonality and his beliefs, not upon the indi- vidual issues of the campaign. To question whether a candidate supports his party colleague entirely is an attempt to place the candidate in an uncompromising position. Most assuredly, the best way to find out where a contender stands is to ask him to state his opinions on various questions that are of vital interest to the voters. Questions on con-con, state tax revision, and aid to educa- tion are some of the outstanding issues which should be answered by individuals--not in- cluded in a package confirmation of the voting record of an incumbent who will soon vacate office. Any thinking candidate will not tie himself exclusively to the program of his predecessor, as some Democratic hopefuls have attempted to force Republicans into doing. He cannot, on the other hand, totally repudiate the stand of his party colleague, for he would lose the campaign endorsement of the party, upon which our political system is based. THE DEMOCRATS have certainly failed in their attempts to get the Republican oppo- sition to commit themselves and have appeared somewhat foolish. They have attempted to place individuals above the issues of, the cam- paign and have failed to inform the voters clearly of their own stands. This does not excuse the Republicans front stating explicity their views of issues and phil- osophies. The voter is the only one being short-changed in this pointless questioning procedure, for he is-or should be-concerned with the stands of the candidates on issues, not upon their endorsement of an official who will soon be out of office. -MICHAEL BURNS 'S TwoFaces) that train of thought have been getting strong support from the Peiping regime iin Red China. Mao Tse-tung's Chinese Communists have strongly opposed Khrushchev's stand that war is not inevitable. AS MUCH AS the current government of the USSR is distasteful to the free world, the present ideological clash behind the Iron Cur- tain indicates that we might find the world situation even more precarious and the cold war hotter if the Mao school of thought gained pre-eminence. The growing power of mainland China has not yet approached a level where it could suc- cessfully challenge Moscow, but its potential in even pure manpower makes a glance into the future a nervous one. It gives some degree of credibility (and takes the humor from) a long- standing Washington joke that goes, "An op- timist is one who is learning Russian; a pessi- mist is learning Chinese." -MICHAEL GILLMAN I7 h 4 wi, Otti :H s - , z -. G ' - V ,.Z .4 WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: Poor Judgment on Tokyo By DREW PEARSON from Soviet and European Com- munists. But the quarrel is far from ended. THE CHINESE, by implication, accuse Khrushchev of being as much, if not more, a deviationist than the man they call "the de-- spicable" Tito of Yugoslavia. Pointedly, Chinese politburo member Peng Cheng, addressing the recent Romanian Communist Congress, reminded Khrushchev that Moscow is pledged to view any attack on Red China as an attack on the whole Communist camp. Knowing how Communists oper- ate, one can speculate that Peiping foresaw a possibility of armed conflict with the United States, possibly Peiping planned to move against Formosa, an attack which would involve the United States. Khrushchev may have scented danger. SUDDENLY", a wide - ranging Communist wrangle erupted over Lenin's precept that war between Communism and capitalism is in- evitable. Khrushchev thundered: there must be no divergent views in interpreting questions of the world revolution; world war is not in- evitable, despite Lenin, because of today's conditions; Communism must win the world by other means, though none could say just when or how. Khrushchev insisted his summitry and peaceful co- existence campaigning must not be taken as deviation from Lenin- ism. Soviet theoreticians produced a concrete example of wrong think- ing: The Iraqi Communists erred in trying to take power in Bagh- dad without necessary outside support, and were reps.lsed. This says that caution comes first. Moscow must give the word before any country is seized. Moscow had not been ready to gamble in Iraq. , * * PEIPING reacted violently to such talk. All this, it snorted, smacked of Titoism and could dis- rupt the Communist movement. Peiping contended that Commun- ists must never lose a chance to seize what the Reds call "the na- tional democratic revolution" in any underdeveloped country. Those preaching peaceful competition "have set the struggle for world peace against the movement for national independence and democ- racy." The Communist world leadership is now involved in explaining the quarrel to the rank and file and to the world. The argument may prove decisive for the future o a monolithic world vmovement. RED CHINA: A Growing Economy WASHINGTON VP)(-Red China is reported to have stepped up its industrial production an aver- age of 23 per cent a year in recent years-and at little cost to its Communist big brother, the Soviet Union. This is one of the findings in a study prepared for the Senate- House economic committee, which is compiling comparisons of the United States and Soviet econ- omies. Nevertheless, the study - pre- pared by the Central Intelligence Agency with help from the state and defense departments and made public Thursday-concluded, "In balance, it is felt that the Western powers gain more from their alliances than the Soviet Bloc does from its bloc and pact system." THE COMMITTEE had asked for an appraisal of the two systems. In giving it, CIA called for a "sobering realization that the Soviet gains result in . . . a serious challenge." "Barring some unusual and un- expected development . . . it is estimated that the rapid growth in Communist China's economic strength will continue and that this growth will be of increasing benefit to the world power posi- tion of the USSR." * * , THE SOVIET UNION has helped China, the report said, by timely and selective shipment of ma- chinery and equipment and sup- ply of technicians. Some 300 major plants built with Soviet assistance, 150 actually operating in 1959, form the backbone of Chinese in- dustrial development, the report went on. And it said: "The Soviet support for Communist China's forced industrialization program has not been of any significant cost to the USSR." China can take on an increasing share of the foreign aid portions of Communist bloc economic poli- cies, the report said, and its eco- nomic advance "will greatly bene- fit the USSR through its effect on the bloc's general economic strength. The one sour note from the Soviet viewpoint, the report went on, is China's increasing inde- pendence. ij, 4 -4 I commullIlsm THEBASIC split between the two Communist schools of thought has been brought into sharp focus by Monday's well-publicized Prav- da article on Communism's ability to co-exist with the capitalist world. The official organ of the Communist party in Moscow declared, in accordance with Khrushchev's oft-stated doctrine, that East and West could peacefully co-exist, and that eventually world communism will triumph. Western observers, while placing little cred- ence in the eventual victory of a Soviet-type government, are at least able to draw some consolation from the fact that the Kremlin has not fallen completely into the hands of that camp which preaches only the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism. Those on the scene have indicated that this group had more than a little to do with the harsh line taken by Mr. K at the recently disrupted peace talks in Paris. Those in the Soviet hierarchy subscribing to I TODAY AND TOMORROW Disarmament Evaluated By WAL.TE RLIOPPMANNi ON CE AGAIN we see that progress in dis- armament can follow, but it cannot pre- cede, a detente, that is a relaxation of tension. After the U-2 and the collapse of the summit meeting a breakdown in Geneva was to be ex- pected. Soviet-American relations had sud- denly become much worse than they had been at any time since the death of Stalin, and there is not nearly enough good will to go on pretending that we are anywhere near a meet- ing of minds on disarmament. In the months before the heads of govern- ment were to meet in Paris in May, there was a hope, which originated in France, that Mr. K. would accept a tacit understanding to maintain the status quo in Germany, and to treat as pro- gress at the summit an agreement on a nuclear test ban and some fresh instructions for the disarmament negotiations. This hope was shat- tered by the U-2 affair and all the consequences of Mr. Khrushchev's rupture of personal rela- tions with Mr. Eisenhower. Paris, Moscow, Tok- yo, and Geneva have been the stages of a chain reaction. WE MUST NOW expect a long pause before the talks about disarmament are resumed. In itself this pause would be a good thing if it meant that in Washington the problem would be restudied. For there is good reason to think that while the Soviet aim of total disarmament is almost certainly impossible and also unde- sirable, our stereotyped principle of disarma- ment with inspection is almost certainly not practical and increasingly obsolescent. There is nothing we can do about the Soviet aim except to say that if total disarmament could be achieved, the disorders in the world would probably be very great. But there is something we can do about our own position and that is to re-think it. This reconsidera-, tion will not take place before January. But it might take place after that. From our point of view this problem is, of course, the heart of any disarmament negotia- tion. Our official doctrine has been that sur- prise attacks can be prevented by inspection- by "open skies" which would legalize aerial in- spection, or by the U-2 flights which were illegal and clandestine inspection. The crucial point, which has been raised by Mr. Kissinger and by others, is that nispection, aerial or even on the ground, belongs to ana age which is past--to one in which war is conducted by mobilizing armies and congregating bombers. In the missile age, the more perfected the missile, the more ineffective will be any kind of inspection. For the essence of a perfected missile is that it is always ready to attack. Therefore inspection from the air or even on the ground cannot hope to show in advance whether the missile which is ready will in fact be fired. To know that it would be neces- sary to inspect not the missile but the inten- tion of the adversary. T IS SIGNIFICANT that the President's "open skies" proposal was made in 1955, and he no doubt hoped that with aerial in- spection the photographs would show the bombers lined up on the airfields for a surprise attack. For in 1955 few in this country had as yet realized what would come of the missile. We are only in the beginning of the missile age. But we are far enough into it to realize that inspection-even if the Soviet government would agree to it-is not to be relied upon. The weapons that matter most, because of their aalmost instant readiness, are uninspectable. What, then, are we to rely upon? We have to rely upon what has now become the accepted doctrine of the Pentagon-that is to say, on developing a deterrent power that cannot be knocked out by a surprise attack. This, and not inspection, is the way to reduce the ten- Washington - President Dwight D. Eisenhower has come back from the Far East so furious over the bad judgment and faulty re- porting of Ambassador Douglas MacArthur II, nephew of the general, that the ambassador may be fired. The President blames bad ad- vice from MacArthur for the humiliation of being disinvited to Tokyo. He feels that he should not have been led into this kind of impasse-especially because he personally was not anxious to go to Japan after his trip to Russia had been canceled. Whether or not Ike will carry through with his idea that Mac- Arthur should be transferred re- mains to be seen. State depart- ment career diplomats operate a closed shop just as tight as that of John L. Lewis in his mining heyday. And unless direct orders come from the White House, the DAILY OFFICIAL BULIETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer-" sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. two days preced- ing publication. SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1960 VOL. LXX, NO. 10 General Notices University Libraries, including the General Library. the Undergraduate Li- brary, and divisional libraries will be closed Independence Day, July 4. Classical Studies Coffee Hour: Tues., July 5, WestConference Room of the Rackharn Builing, 4 p.m. All students and friends of the Classics are cordially invited. Electronic Information Handling in Libraries will be demonstrated on Wed., July 6, at 4:00 p.m. in the Multi-Pur- post Room, third floor, Undergraduate Library, by C. D. Gull, Visiting Lectur- er, Department of Library Science. The retrieval of information with electronic digital computers will be shown with (1) an animated generalized flow dia- gram of a search and (2) a color sound movie of a technical information ser- vice which regularly searches on a 704 computer for information contained In a collection of 50,000 reports. Recitals Student Recital: John Hofmann will present a recital in Hill Aud. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Music on Tues., July 5 at 8:30 p.. He will perform compo- sitions by Bruhns, Couperin, Bach, Franck, Tournemier, and Dupre. Open to the public. Lectures Linguistic Forum Lecture: Prof. Eric Ceadei, Cambridge University will speak on "The Relationship Between Language and Script in Japanese" on Tues., July 5 at 7:30 p.m. in the Rack- ham Amphitheater. Placement Notices On Tuesday, July 5, the following school will have representatives at the Bureau of Appointments to interview for the 1960-61 school year. state department will argue that it must save face for MacArthur and he will stay on, Meanwhile more details of the ill-fated far eastern trip have leaked out and it's possible to re- veal much of what happened be- hind the scenes. One reason for the snafus was faulty communications-at times no communications at all. During the 16 hours en route between Anchorage, Alaska and Clark Field in the Philippines, the President was given not one single message, His plane carried all kinds of electronic equipment for receiving messages, but no word about the increased rioting in Tokyo reached him. This, it should be noted, is not unusual. White House aides don't like to bother the President with unpleasanti news. On trips he re- laxes, reads w e s t e r n s, plays bridge. Prior to Ike's departure, Ambas- sador MasArthur had sent several reports that the President's trip to Japan was necessaary in order to save democracy in Japan; that failure to come would end Kishi's middle-of-the-road government- let extremists walk in. This Save- Democracy mission appealed to the President. Meanwhile, MacArthur h a d been telling the secret service representatives in Tokyo that student riots made no difference; that he, MacArthur, understood the Japanese people and they would respect the person of the President. The secret service, though worrried, took the ambas- sador at his word. But secret service chief U. E. Baughman, who had arrived in Manila, was even more worried. He became so concerned that he permitted himself to be quoted in Manila that he was greatly wor- ried about the trip to Japan. However, on June 16, the very same day the Tokyo mob stormed Parliament, killing one and wounding 500, Ambassador Mac- Arthur sent another cable on the importance of having the Presi- dent come to Japan. How woefully uninformed was the state department is illustrated by a breakfast given in Manila on the morning of June 17 by Am- bassador Carlos Romulo. At 9:30 the night before, the press asso- ciations carried the news of the 20,000 rioters who stormed the Japanese Diet. But 11 hours later, at breakfast, J. Graham Parsons, Assistant Secretary of State for the par East, did not know about these riots. Later that day, Walter Winchell stood outside the Manila hotel telling newsmen that it was all off, Ike would not go to Tokyo. "You take care of your business and I'll take care of mine," Jim Hagerty told Winchell. "The President is going to Tokyo." But Hagerty was enough con- cerned to have a special phone installed on the reviewing stand where the President spoke, and over this phone later came word from Premier Kishi that the trip was off. mAhn th '.ir latr cc hc shield him, had withheld the re- ports. A total of 125 United States naval vessels escorted Ike to For- mosa; so certainly there was plently of naval communications to handle the messages. That was the state of semi- ignorance in which the President traveled. When the President was golfing in Honolulu he got a phone call from Vice-President Nixon with some very urgent advice about his telecast to the nation. Nixon urged, almost demanded, that Ike make a strong defense of good- will trips and personal diplomacy. Nixon had been the pioneer of these trips. And he told his chief that the fate of the November election was at stake, since he, Nixon, intended to play up his own overseas travels during his campaign for President .,. Eisenhower had intended to talk only about the far East. But after Nixon's call, he rewrote his speech and featured the need for more good-will trips . . . , Eisenhower is also considering another trip- to Nigeria this fall. He has never been to Central Africa and ad- visers have told him that a visit to this new Negro republic would be a big help in winning Negro votes for the GOP in November. * * * SEN. JACK KENNEDY sent one of his agents out to the governors' conference to publicize a private poll of Democratic governors sup- posed to show Kennedy's strength. But the poll backfired. It showed Lyndon Johnson ahead. Including Gov. Jimmy Davis of Louisiana and Gov. Ernest Hollings of South Carolina who are for Johnson but weren't polled, Lyndon had 15 of the Democratic governors. After that, Kennedy's man bent his energies toward keeping the poll out of the papets. He pretty well succeeded. Johnson was so sore at the blackout he threatened to buy an ad in the newspapers. (Copyright 1960, by the Bell Syndicate) BOOSTS KENNEDY: Truman's Withdrawal' Hurts- Symington. S C. ; :1 By JACK BELL Associated Press Writer GLACIER National Park, Mont. -Harry Truman's withdrawal as a convention delegate was viewed by most vitally concerned Democratic governors as a new boost for Sen. John F. Kennedy (D-Mass) toward the party's pres- idential nomination. Backers of Senate Democratic Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas naturally disputed this. But some politically uncom- mitted governors at this week's Will They Do a Complete Jo? .t x;, ."?'" ? "i+' ' "'Y?'. ;y. *,." .q " .+." .:'+ 7 ".:N:'' '$'O.' '°.$'?' . 7{"..' . " ia