In tgganBatty
Seventy-Third Year
EDrrED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAVJ
7_ UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
rere OpinionsAere STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth Will Prevail" PBIAIN LGMc.
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
RDAY, JULY 18, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM
SUKARNO'S FOREIGN POLICY
Indonesia: Key Force in Afro-Asia
WMU Policy Hinders
Student Journalists
;TUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY in
general, and at The Daily in particu-
ar, tend to criticize the University and
'he Daily's relations with it a great deal.
'his is as it should be; the University
nd The Daily, like any other institu-
ions, cannot afford to remain stagnant;
nd public criticism is often the key
orce in motivating progressive change:
But valuable as such thought is, it must
e admitted that an attitude of continual
riticism, such a's most Daily members
ractice, often destroys one's sense of
erspective, one's ability to appreciate
hie value of what we have as well as the
alue of what we lack. Such perspective is
estored rapidly when one examines the
ondition of a student newspaper at an-
ther Michigan institution, Western
Michigan University.
The Western Herald is published three
Imes weekly by Western's students. The
aper is financially backed by WMU, re-
eiving some $30,000 annually to cover
ublishing, operating and travel expenses.
The staff is intelligent and dedicated;
hey are putting out what is probably the
est paper possible in their hamstrung
ondition. But like any reasonable group
f people they see room for improve-
vent in their organization.
Press Rating
SOME TWO MONTHS AGO, the Herald
staff made a bid to publish their pa-
per on a daily basis. It was a well-con-
sidered decision. Publishing daily would
allow the paper gains in influence and
prestige and increased ability to report
news on more than a dull local level.
Daily publishing would also have in-
creased the internal stability of the paper,
allowing it to expand its staff and stab-
ilize its reporting procedures.
In addition to this, the staff of the
paper had an offer from a printing firm
to install almost $10,000 worth of equip-
ment in return for authorization to print
the daily Herald. But there's the rub.
For with fine administrative foresight,
the Herald's faculty control board allow-
ed the head of the Herald's present print-
ing firm the right to veto. Standing to
lose the Herald printing account to the
new firm, this business-like gentleman
put a quick stop to the Herald's aspira-
tions.
NOW IF A NEWSPAPER cannot control
even its own publishing schedule, what
influence can it be expected to have on a
campus of 13,000 people? When WMU ad-
ministrators allow the pecuniary desires
of common businessmen to thwart the
work and wishes of students, it is reason-
able to assume that the administration
'of the state's third-largest college is
more concerned with its image in the
eyes of local businessmen than with its
responsibility toward its students, that it
is more worried about not becoming "in-
volved" with new schemes and ideas than
it is with providing its student body with
a school that is a proper learning-place
and testing-ground for their future lives.
WMU has long been derided as being a
"Mickey Mouse" college, a diploma mill
or an overgrown teacher's college. In a
startling number of cases, this is no
longer true. Western has several really
outstanding faculty members who would
be a credit to any institution; and the
quality of the student body has been
steadily on the rise. But WMU admin-
istrators must learn a few facts about the
progress they are so proud of, yet some-
how fail to understand.
WESTERN MAY INDEED seen to be
progressing. But the essence of edu-
cational progress is not dollars, enroll-
ment increases or new buildings. It is
the ability of the students, working on
their own, to intelligently criticize and
reorganize the world they live in, as the
Herald staff would have intelligently cri-
ticized and reorganized its paper.
When and if WMU's administration is
able to realize this, the Herald will print
on a daily basis and WMU will be the
better for it.
--LEONARD PRATT
HE PRESS ranked slightly below the
Democrats, the Communists and the
[eral budget in the hearts of the Re-
blican conventioneers this week. Both
right D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon
;o say nothing of several lesser lights-
re able to throw the delegates into
f-righteous ecstasy by bemoaning vari-
journalists' lack of concern, sympa-
y, respect and/or support for the Re-
blican cause.
Yes, life certainly is tough. And just
agine how much tougher it would be if
tually every paper in the country were
t under the thumb of a conservative
publican publisher.
-K. WINTER
Editorial Staff
vNETH WINTER.......... ...,Co-Editor
VARD HERSTEIN.....................o-Eitor
RY LOU BUTCHER............ Associate Editor
RLES TOWLE....... ........ Sports Editor
'REY GOODMAN ................. Night Editor
BERT HIPPLER .... ...........Night Editor
JRENCE KIRSHBAUM;.............. Night Editor
he Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the
of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise
ited to the newspper. Ail rights of re-publication
i other matters here are also reserved.
ae Daily is a member of the Associated Press and
egate Press service.
iblished daily 'uesday through Saturday fmlning.
mer subscription rates $2 by carrier, $2.b0 by mail.
cond class postage paid at An Arbor. M'1ef.
By WILLIAM CUMMINGS
Daily Correspondent
JAKARTA-If one turns his eyes
towards Southeast Asia, In-
donesia is immediately conspicious
both from a physical and political
point of view. Strewn across an
archipelago as wide as the United
States with nearly 100 million
people, Indonesia is the largest
country in the area and the fifth
largest in the world. Under the
visionary leader of President, Su-
preme Commander, Great Leader
of the Revolution Achmed Su-
karno, Indonesia has taken a high-
ly vocal part in presenting 'the
demands of the developing nations
before the world.
From a regional physical per-
spective Indonesia stands out both
as a highlight and a headache. It
is generally recognized that her
relatively untapped natural re-
sources are the richest in the area.
Oil has been developed into a
'sizeable export industry. So have
rubber, tin, tea, and forestry pro-
ducts.
However, certain areas of In-
donesia are heavily populated and
consequently are not self sufficient.
Especially acute is the main island
of Java where 65 million Indon-
esians live. This past year central
Java experienced unfavourable
crop conditions and thousands of
the starving farmers can be seen
migrating to the outskirts of Ja-
karta for relief. This problem is
aggravated by political complica-
tions.
INDONESIA'S large size and the
continuous nature of her govern-
ment's leadership allows her to
play a key role in the internation-
al politics of the Afro-Asian bloc.
It can hardly be said that this bloc
is monolithic but there is common
unity in the nations' experience of
colonialism and the search for
economic and social development.
This unity demands expression and
Sukarno is increasingly seeing it
his appointed role to fill this need.
He instigated the first series of
Afro-Asian talks at Bandung in
1955, built a colossal stadium for
the 1961 Asian games, recently
coined the term "New Emerging
Forces" and recently hosted the
preparatorynconference fora sec-
ond round of Afro-Asian talks.
Among nations internal to this
bloc Indonesia is definitely a ris-
ing star. India, which previously
commanded such high respect, fell
in prestige with Goa and the
Chinese agressions. China is being
forced to take an unshowy posi-
tion because of the need she feels
to make her entry into the bloc,
And Pakistan has her hands tied
between. old commitments to
SEATO and new ones to Com-
munist China. The African lead-
ers generally are funneling their
energies into more tangible al-
liances.
,R 0
THUS BY ELIMINATION and
by certain qualifications Sukarno
bring~s to the task, he is certainly
gaining prominence. The qualifi-
cations are his wide traveling and
reading which have aquainted him
with the cultures and struggles
of the area. Along with this is the
charismatic nature of his presen-
tation and his unique position as
eternal president of his country:
This provides Sukarno with the
security to apply his attention to
other than vote-getting matters.
The principles of his leader-
ship should be interesting to West-
erners for they bear tidewinds of
the future. They can be summed
up simply as "Asia for the Asians."
Foreign aid is acceptable but not
foreign influence.
Sukarno has proven in the past
that his foreign policy is one
thing (and perhaps the only
thing) which he really acts on.
In 1960, he termed New Guinea a
cancer in Southeast Asia. Skirm-
ishing followed in 1962 and now
the area is Indonesian West Irian.
*, *
WHEN TALKS began concern-
ing the formation of Malaysia
from Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak
and North Borneo, Sukarno insist-
ed that these be done with the
full consent of those peoples in-
volved. After Malaysia's formation
he charged that it' was a British
neocolonialist plot and must be
destroyed. Since then his guerillas
have been charging frequently at
the Malaysian border defenses.
To a jaded eye, Sukarno's ac-
cusation that Malaysia is a
British plot may have some va-
lidity. A large percentage of the
financial and industrial institu-
tions h a v e British - controlled
stocks though it may not be the
85 per cent Sukarno claims.
The British are practically re-
sponsible for the defense of Ma-
laysia as they hold many of the
high positions in the native army
and supply British forces through
an earlier security agreement.
There is definitely profitable com-
merce that the British want to
protect.
HOWEVER, legally Malaysia is
an independent state apparently
content with her composition. On
August 5, 1963, Sukarno, President
ninosadn nonealf n th _Phil
of the last two mentioned terri-
tories but used a sampling method.
Sukarno in flagrant violation of
the trust he placed in the Secre-.
taryLGeneral has since declared
that the UN's inspection was not
thorough and has started guerilla
activity.
In addition, in November of
and his war mongering, for it
reveals clearly the way myths are
created in time of stress to bolster
the spirits of all concerned. Malay-
sian papers interpret every in-
stance of friction in Indoneisan
politics as an omen that Sukarno's
support is ebbing and that the
Indoneisan people are gradually
1957, he is apparently telling the
truth. The danger is obvious and
the Sukarno regime is tottering.
But when Dr. Subandrio tried to
explain why Indonesia is faced
with the possibility of internal un-
rest he is deliberately telling a lie.
"If the Jakarta dictatorship is
faced with an internal revolt, it
man, the prime minister has said,
"We will fight to the last drop
of our blood to defend Malaysia."
Malaysia's 10 million may have
to do just that if they hope to
match Indonesia's 100 million.
Neither Malaysia or Indonesia is
truly stable internally. Malaysia's
standard of living is much higher
and its commercial policy is open
which leads to a certain level of
internal satisfaction.
* * *
HOWEVER, pan-Islamic and
socialist political groups are creat-
ing internal problems. Both ad-:
vocate closer ties with Indonesia
and are willing to sacrifice British
interests in Malaysia to achieve
this. The socialist groups advocate
a closer bond precisely because
they wish to nationalize foreign
investments and Sukarno is the
recognized spokesman for such ap-
propriation.
The Islamic groups wish to wed
their faith with the 90 million
muslims in Indonesia even if it
causes persecution of the Chris-
tian, Hindu and Buddhist minori-
ties.
Depending upon who is asked,
Indonesia is or isn't suffering
unity problems. From the outside
observer's point of view it would
seem almost impossible to sur-
mount the divisive factors of the
far-flung islands, each sheltering
distant cultures and economies.
* * *
DESPITE the revolutionary past
and the unsettled present not one
of the more than twenty Western
Javanese and Americans I talked
with felt that Sukarno's position
was threatened. They all consider-
ed him an extremely clever bal-
ancer of the numerous interests in
Indonesia - be they Communist,
muslim, business groups, scien-
tists, farmers, army officers, or
leaders in his ,own party - and
felt that his explosive speeches
were successfully diverting the
people's eyes away from the ob-
vious and serious economic fail-
ures to the spirit of revolution.
This spirit constitutes both the
source of Sukarno's power and the
possible seeds of his destruction.
He has read extensively, thus de-
veloping a captivating synthesis
of theories and slogans to yell
before the crowds. Through these
gimmicks he may have 'quieted
the regionalist thinkers. But ac-d
cording to an Australian political
scientist, Western trained en-
gineers and economists of develop-
ment are forming in opposition to
Sukarno. First Minister Kartawid-
jaja Djuanda was mentioned as
a leader of the force
The plans or the power of this
new force are open to question
There is no question about In-
donesia's future policy if Sukarno
stays in the saddle.
,* * #
BRITAIN'S PLACE in Southeast
Asia will most certainly deterior-
ate. France, Japan and the Nether-
lands, and China fit Indonesia's
prescription for permissible in-,
terest in the area. Russia doesn't
concern herself much with the
area.
The U.S. does, end in a way that
will definitely be attacked if Su-
karno and his standards persist.
South Viet Nam is essentially a
creation of American military aid,
This will be tabbed colonialism
pure and simple, especially now
that Foreign Minister Subandrio
and President Charles de Gaulle
of France have agreed on the ad-
visability of neutralizing Viet Nam.
"%YOU WOM' (MCTCi MIRlbl%6 ONE OF
THEM N EWFAN KL DCIDNTRATio5."
1963 he engineered the burning
of the British embassy in Jakarta
and has not offered to apologize
or replace it. Following the same
order as the freatment of the
Dutch is the mounting threat to
British capital invested in the area.
IT IS INTERESTING to look at
Malaysia's reception of Sukarno
forming opposition to his im-
becilic war mongering.
The following excert from the
April 9 edition of the Malayan
Times indicates this tendency:
"When Dr. Subandrio expresses'
grave fears of a major domestic1
crisis in Indonesia, perhaps a re-
volt similar to that flared up in
TODAY AND TOMORROW
The GOP Campaign:
Dangerously Bitter
is not because of the so called
'neo-colonialist encirclement' of
Indonesia. Nor is it because any
alien force, except perhaps the
Communists, isout to destroy In-
donesia or capture power in that
country
"A revolt is certainly rising in
Indonesia because the common
people of Indonesia believe that
Sukarno and his henchmen have
betrayed the Indonesian revolu-
tion. Indonesian unity, so proudly
claimed by Sukarno, is threatened
by his own policies and actions
and indeed, there are indications
of movements in Sumatra, Kali-
mantan, Celebes and other parts
to secede from Jakarta and to
form their own regional groups,
free from the stifling controls
exercised by the dictatorship at
the centre."
HOWEVER, Malaysians a r e
hardly banking on a revolution
saving them from Sukarno's con-
tinuing aggression. Recently, con-
scription of all able-bodied men
was begun and Tunku Abdul Rah-
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E.y
By WALTER LIPPMANN
MEASURED by the vote on the
proposed amendment to the
civil rights plank in the platform,
the moderates are about one-third
of the delegates to the Republi-
can convention. They may in fact
be somewhat stronger than that
because there must be a number;
of delegates who voted with the
Barry Goldwater forces in order
not to embarrass the presiden-
tial candidate of the party.
Yet, the Goldwater strength is
certainly better than two to one
in the count of delegates. But he'
has never been able to show any-
thing like such strength in any
primary when the Republican vot-
ers were counted. His victory in
California, which -started the land-
slide of delegates, was won by the
very narrow margin of 51 to 49
per cent. The figures prove that
the capture of the Republican
Party has been effected by work-
ing on and winning over delegates
who represent only a minority of
the Republican voters.
As a candidate, Senator Gold-
water has to win back anti-Gold-
water Republicans and to draw
Democrats away from Johnson.
How he goes about doing that
will determine the nature of the
coming campaign.
*,* *
SENATOR Goldwater's problem
is that the most effective way to
draw Democrats away from John-
son will at the same time push
Republicans toward Johnson. It is
quite evident in the platform that
Senator Goldwater is relying heav-
ily on attracting Democrats from
the white backlash and by ap-
pealing to the ethnic groups from
the captive nations of Eastern Eu-
rope. To a certain degree, the two
ippeals are complementary. For
the white backlash is noticeably
strong among recent immigrants
from Wastern Eunn
lace to withdraw in favor of Gold-
water. While paying lip service to
the civil rights act, they are hop-
ing to gather in the Wallace fol-
lowing which is in open rebellion
against the civil rights act. At
the same time, they are reaching
out to the unhappy exiles from
Eastern Europe with the hope of
cutting into the Democratic
;trength among the working people
in the cities.
THIS WILL PROVOKE a dah-
;erously bitter campaign. It is
not going to be a debate on the
highly debatable issue of federal-
state relations, of the new fiscal
policy, of the degree and the kind,
)f wise federal intervention in the
determination of prices and wages
by large corporations and large
labor unions. Senator Goldwater, it
seems to me, is preparing to play
with the much more inflammable
naterials of race relations and of
war and peace.
It must be admitted that for
him the rationfl issues do not
promise the kind of electoral
breakthrough which he needs to
have in order to defeat President
Johnson. For one thing, in ex-
perience and knowledge of the
issues, he is no match for the Pres-
ident. For another, in spite of the
fierce anger of his own fans, the.
country as a whole is prosperous.
and the notion that it is groan-
ing under a federal tyranny is
laughable. And so, because there
are few voters to be won over by
a rational campaign about con-
servatism and progressivism, he
appears to be gambling recklessly
on racism and jingoism.
The kind of campaign that this
one is threatening to be will put
to the acid test the American
conviction that there is in the
great masses of people enough
common sense and good will to
defeat the snares of the dema-
anp.. and d P.,amtir- ird Aam ,' -
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
MediaPromote
'Go idwaterism
To the Editor:
IF SENATOR GOLDWATER be-
comes President Goldwater in
November, it will be because he
stands for the sort of thing that a
majority of Americans believe.
That most Americans believe whatr
Goldwater does is in no small
measure due to the data they are
given by the mass news media.
Consequently, the news media will
bear most of the responsibility if
Goldwater is elected.
In order to show the degree of
their responsibility, I would like
to consider four arguments.
1) The news media have re-
peatedly asserted that South Viet-
nam is vital to our "forward de-
fense" system and that if we lose
the war there, communist guerrilla
movements will be encouraged to
overthrow friendly governments
in other areas of the underde-
veloped world where we have vital
economic as well as military
stakes. The news media have also
asserted repeatedly that the
counter - insurgency campaign is
being lost. Given this data and
the aim of upholding our national
interests, any consistent Ameri-
threaten our vital interests in this
hemisphere. At the same time,
they have been pointing out that
the trade embargo against Cuba is
not sufficient to destroy him.
Given a loyal commitment to our
national interests, any consistent
American should conclude that
stronger measures should be used
to get rid of Castro. Again, this is
precisely what lies behind Gold-
water's proposal to supply logistic
support to an invasion army of
Cuban exiles.
4) The mass media convey the
impression that this is a land of
opportunity for those willing to
use and develop their talents.
Consequently those who do not do
well for themselves are simply un-
willing to use the opportunities
open to them. If this is true then
social- security and public assist-
ance are unnecessary. In fact,
they are dangerous because they
discourage initiative and encour-
age laziness. Hence, we should
drop, or at least minimize, the
social security program. This is
precisely what Goldwater has pro-
posed.
* w N
I DO NOT want to convey the
a..,..'.