lll
Sixty-Ninth Y ear
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICIIIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT P:BLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, Midi.. * Phone xo 2-3241
hn Opinions Are F'ree
Trth 3Will PrevvAl'
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the indhiidual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
DAY, JANUARY 11, 1959 NIGHT EDITOR: RALPH LANGER
Legislator OffersV ali dSuggestion
For Study of Wayne Proposal
Twisted Picture
Given to Ginese
EDITOR'S NOTE: Benedicto S. David, educated at M1arquette University,
is a reporter for the Manila Times. ie spent over three weeks in China where
American reporters are banned.)
By BENEDICTO S. DAVID
Manila Times Reporter
1tiritten for The Associated Press
THE AVERAGE young Chinese thinks of the United States as a weak
butimperatic to ortof "paper tigern more to be ridi-
culed than feared.
He firmly believes American soldiers use germ bombs and e,e-
cute helpless women and children and that the American people are
to be pitied for being o-ressed by - corrupt overnme-t, bent on
aggression.
He has no opportunity to think or believe anything else. Those
who know better refuse to correct the impression .
To the Chinese, the very idea of a world different from the one
painted for him by his Communist rulers is fantastic. There is simply
no place for truth to make a start.
Every bit of news fed to 650 million Chinese people comes through
the Hsinhua or New China News Agency. Every newspaper and mag-
China Grows in
ries 'Leap Fo
By, KiENNETTI McELDOWNEY
Daily Staff Writer
TODAY IS JAN. 11, and Quemoy
won't be shelled because it is
an, odd dcay of the nmonth.
Even though lobbing shells every
other day is a method of saving
face when backing down front
promises of immediately liberating
of Formosa, Chinatodayt is quite
different fr-om the kowt ow ing
cuny of the'last century. From
acountry that was once con-
sidered to be a mere recipient of
the Western policies. China has
grown to equal partnership witl
one of the world's leading powers.
The power of China has been
most recently exerted upon For-
mosa, and especially Quemoy.
*ur
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Starting in August, the Commu-
nists began firing a series of blasts,
both oral and explosive against the
small island of Quemoy-.
** *
USING AS MANY as 40.000
shells a day to support their point,
China tried to achieve its aim of
driving the Nationalist troops from
Quemoy. and failed. mainly
through Nationalist use of Ameri-
can ships and supplies.
Although the situation in the
Formosan Straits has reached a
stalemate, the Nationalist troops
must be conceded a slight victory.
By not yielding to Communist
threats. Nationalist China gained
new prestige in Asia.
EVENTS HAVE moved swiftly since Wayne
State University President Clarence B. Hil-
berry suggested Monday that the Detroit insti-
tution be placed under control of the University
Board of Regents. During the week, his pro-
posal has successively gone before the school's
Board of Governors, graduate school faculty,
and University Council. Hilberry traveled to
Ann Arbor for a conference with University
President Harlai Hatcher and Michigan State
University President John Hannah. He has
traveled to Lansing and spoken with Secretary
of State James Hare and -AFL-CIO leader
August (Gus) Scholle.
Why the rush?
One consideration, and a fairly significant
one, involves the impending February nomina-
tions and April. election of candidates to the
new Wayne Board of Control. It is scheduled
to take office July 1, when the school becomes
a state institution after a three-year transition
from Detroit control.
IF HILBERRY could persuade the University
and the Legislature to go along with his
plan before election time, Wayne would benefit
by being placed in the experienced hands of a
tested Board of Regents, which enjoys separate
constitutional authority.
As an additional advantage, Wayne would
escape the "radical" or "labor-controlled" tags
which might be pinned on them if six Wayne
County Democrats won board seats in April.
But while the merger is attractive from
Wayne's point of view, it may be unwise to
hurry things along at the present pace. The
question is a serious one. and requires long
and thorough discussion. The weeks between
now and April will not allow enough time. In
fact, it is extremely doubtful that the Legis-
lature will even have a chance to consider the
problem by April, says Rep. Charles Boyer (R-
Manistee), chairman of the committee on
higher education.
REP. BOYER suggests a delay of two years
in completing the transition of Wayne from
Detroit to state control, to allow time for a
long, hard look. This could be accomplished,
he continues, by changing the dates in the law
transferring Wayne to state control and elimi-
nating April election of the new governing
board,
A delay, possibly of only one year, seems to be
the best course of action. It would provide
adequate time to view carefully and compre-
hensively the full impact of the merger, not
only on the two schools directly involved, but
on statewide education as well.
-THOMAS HAYDEN j
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Put Students on Athletic Board
)VER THE PAST YEARS, the University of
Michigan Athletic Plant has been scruti-
ized through a variety of microscopes.
Its governing body, the Board in Control of
Intercollegiate Athletics has been the most
ecent group to come under inspection and
Student Government Council is considering a
ecommendation to the Regents suggesting a
hange in the student membership of the board.
If approved by SGC and the Regents, the
Ian would increase the number of student
nembers from two to three with only one being
n athlete.
Under the present system two students sit
n the Board. They are usually well-known
thletes elected in an all-campus "popularity
ontest" and serve for two-year terms.
Unfortunfately the quality of their represen-
ation has been open to criticism. Athletes often
ack the time to be. effective Board members,
Tut more disastrously, the interest, In one
urther respect they are more likely to reflect
thletic Department attitudes rather than the
tudent body as a whole.
The lack of effective student representation
as left 24,000 students on campus with nothing
o say about the operation of a multi-million
.ollar enterprise.
While the future of this integral part of this
institution has long been debated, its position
has never been as seriously questioned as in
recent years.
STUDENT CONCERN with athletics cannot
be limited to attending football games or
attempting to be a loyal fan. They must con-
tinually examine the value of intercollegiate
athletics and attempt to evaluate its position in
an academic atmosphere.
Discussions should be a continuous process,
with the Board considering student opinion
on these and other related matters. It would be
ludicrous to assume that the present form of
organization now gives students the necessary
quality o'f representation.
Athletes, to be sure, deserve to have their
representative who can express the viewpoint
of those involved in competition. But two inter-
ested, qualified and effective students would add
the necessary balance in, the important deci-
sions made by the board.
SGC's proposed change is the first solid step
in direction of making the campus effective in
formulating athletic policy. It's too important
to be sidetracked on its way to the Regents,
-CHARLES OZOLL
azine is published only with the
imprimatur of the Peiping govern-
ment.
TO DOUBT is to be reactionary
and the fear of being tagged a re-
actionary is much greater than
the fear of being called a liar or a
hypocrite.
During our 24-day tour of the
key industrial cities of Wuhan,
Anshan, Mukden, Peiping and
Shanghai our party of Filipino
newsmen experienced, to a limit-
ed extent, the fear of the com-
pletely helpless.
Since there is no civil or crim-
inal code, the average Chinese
does not know exactly how far he
can go before he is accused of
crime or "reactionary tendencies."
The expression of dissatisfaction
might be allowed one day, punish-
able by imprisonment the next
and even by death the day after.
It is not strange, then, that lies
about the United States flourish
unmolested.
The anti-American feeling be-
ing generated constantly by press,
radio, posters, operas, movies and
even drawings for children
reached its logical peak in mass
demonstrations staged all over
China during the Middle East cris-
is demanding the withdrawal of
American troops from Lebanon.
We sawdemonstrations in Can-
ton and Peiping involving millions
of slogan-shouting, banner wav-
ing, gong and drum-beating Chi-
nese of all ages,
THE PEIPING demonstrations
lasted three days and three nights
without pause. They were sup-
posedly "spontaneous" but ap-
peared well-organized even to
such details as loudspeakers
strung out along the "street of
eternal peace," the main street of
the Communist capital.
Emergency first-aid stations and
temporary comfort stations were
set up by the time the first dem-
onstrators half-walked and half-
ran around Peiping voicing pro-
tests against what the Chinese
press called "armed, imperialistic
and unjustified aggression" on the
part of the United States and
Britain.
"Down with America" posters
and pictures of alleged American
"atrocities and war crimes" are
found all over China. Statements
from the few American turn-coats
in China are given prominence
and are taken as gospel by the
average Chinese.
The picture of the United States
as presented in China is one of
almost complete corruption.
S * *
OUR GUIDES and interpi'eters
kept drawing distinctions between
the United States government and
its people. They believe there is
an almost complete separation be-
tween the two
At the "workers' cultural pal-
ace" in Peiping there is an entire
row of glass cases devoted to pic-
tures of "American War Crimes
and Atrocities Committed During
the Korean War,"
Even pitiful cases of frostbite
treated by American doctors in
Korea have been used to criticize
the United States. Captions read:
"American doctors could have
saved this man's fingers and toes
but they simply did not bother be-
cause he is Chinese"
The very idea of a free and ob-
jective press has, from all appear-
ances, been effectively wiped out.
Journalists in Shanghai defend
and even praise the fact that "we
call American imperialists by their
true name."
The notion that the news print-
ed in papers with circulations run-
ning into hundreds of thousands
might be slanted, is just not be-
lievable to the ordinary Chinese.
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HOWEVER, China's foreign con-
cerns are not confined to Formosa
'Armed revolts have broken out
in Tibet, taken over by the Reds
in 1951, and there have been re-
ports that rebellion has spread into
neighboring providences.
Their entrance into Tibet and
attempts to expand into gther
parts of Asia is an attempt to
Telieve the population pressures.
Experts predict there will be one
billion Chinese by the turn of the
century and already, the nation
is straining at its borders. Four
million Chinese have migrated to
Tibet, straining the food resources
of the isolated nation whose popu-
lation usually numbers six million.
At the present time, China, in
land and population is already a
major power, with a population
almost four times as large as the
United States and with a land area
equally as large. Here the com-
parison must end, for agricultur-
ally, economically and industrially,
China still lags far behind the
major countries of the world,
CHINA'S EMERGENCE into the
world scene as a power has been
the result of two five year plans
in an attempt to make a "great
leap forward."
Although food production has
increased by almost unbelievable
proportions, millions still starve in
China. Two factors cause this, first
the rise in population far out-
strips the increase in food produc-
tion. Second, is China's great in-
debtedness to Russia for aid and
equipment needed to develop the
country. To repay Russia, they
export over two million tons of
food every year.
To alleviate their agriculture
problems, China has forced
changes in their traditional view
of the peasants. The most drastic
of these has been the herding of
over 90 per cent of the peasants
into communes, a development
reminiscent of George Orwell's
"1984". Orwell envisioned a world
in which, "there would be no emo-
tions except fear, rage, triumph
and self-abasement. Everything
else we must destroy. , . . There
will be no wives and no friends, ...
No loyalty except to the party,.
No love except for big brother."
In essence this has happened to
China. In the communes, there is
no private property, all has been
given to the state, husbands are
separated from wives, and mothers
from children. Here as in "1984"
there is no family life, no indi-
viduals-nothing but the state,
* * *
IN THE MIDST of China's at-
tempt to put the commune system
into effect, Mao Tse-tung last
month stepped down as head of
state, though still remaining as
the chairman of the Communist
Party in China. Although this
move was seen by some as a demo-
tion for Mao, it is probably more
accurate to say that he has given
up the title to concentrate on
getting the communes to operate
with more ease, withoutabeing
himself distracted by the routine
of administrative affairs.
If China is able to change their
state into one which would be
truly communistic, it is feasible
that as one diplomat said one day
Russia and the United States will
have to join forces in order to
restrain the state of China. But
tomorrow is an even numbered
day, Quemoy will be shelled again,
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LOCAL LABOR -.
SRed Steel Dre uilds Prestige
OFFEE«.BLACK By Richard Taub
HypcriyHere &. There
H pctlY
i XCITING newsworthy events took place over
Christmas vacation. Oddly enough, the
vents were not only highly significant in the
orld picture, but presented some remarkable
pportunities for display of doublethink, hypo-
isy and simply contradictory.thinking.
The first example was the placing in orbit o
he four-ton Atlas rocket "for peace." It was
for peace," because President Eisenhower
roadcast a Christmas message from the rocket.
ut all the newspapers were also eager to
rnphasize in the very next paragraph, that this
ocket weighed four tons and was a remark-
ble scientific achievement which showed we
ad caught up to the Russians, and, in fact,
ere just as good as the Russians. We were
ven able to operate a tape recorder which was
h the rocket.
What utter nonsense!
he only thing that could be considered peace-
A about the rocket by any strength of the
nagination was that we were now good enough
a equal the Russians, and this might prevent
hem from starting a war.
Of course, the Soviets launced their "Lunik"
week later, and everything was back to where
started.
)URING VACATION Fidel Castro's forces
ousted Fulgencio Batista's forces in the
ighly dramatic culmination of a five-year
nuggle against the dictator. Castro had what
ublic relations men call "a good press." until
is brother rashly kidnapped a number of
merican and Canadian citizens. Most hoped
r Batista's overthrow, and, in fact, for Cas-
'o's success, but with his success, extreme un-
asiness set in. "Is he a communist? We'd better
et in and support him before the Communists
o." This kind of question had not been voiced
efore, possibly because nobody thought Castro
ad much of a chance-But it is a bit ironic
at fear should develop so quickly about
astro's political beliefs, solely because he was
revolutionary overthrowing a clearly tyranni-
l regime,
The Communist bogey-man pops up in the
darndest places.
Castro may go the way of most Latin Ameri-
can revolutionaries and become a dictator hin-
self, but this sudden fear of a Moscow inspired
triumph was as unwarranted as it was irra-
tional.
DURING OR JUST BEFORE the vacation
a record appeared which attacked the over-
commercialization of Christmas. The record
"Green Christmas," by the popular satirist Stan
Freeberg, blasted the Madison Avenue men for
their money-oriented approach to Christmas.
The record was played for about a week on New
York radios and then disappeared from the air
waves. Strangely enough, it also vanished from
record counters throughout the city. Seems that
the advertising agencies did not like it.
At almost the same time, the Advertising
Council ran two-page spreads in several na-
tional magazines pointing out how wonderful
advertisers were. It seems they devote time and
energy to producing "public service" type ads.
Among these are "Prevent Fires," starring
Smokey the Bear, and more important "Attend
the Church of Your Choice," How hypocritical
can you get?
ON CAMPUS this past week students had
the opportunity to see something similar
on campus. It was not really hypocritical. It
just represented two different educational phi-
losophies which are somewhat contradictory.
The literary college is now considering the pos-
sibility of allowing upperclassmen to sign their
own elections cards. They are working to give
greater personal responsibility to the student.
At the same time, the administration has sent
out letters to Ann Arbor landlords urging them
to adopt University contracts. These contracts,
the letter points out, will protect the landlord
from students who run out without paying the
rent, and will also protect students from the
arbitrary actions of landlords. What the letter
does not say is that such contracts also give the
By ThOMAS WHITNEY
Associated Press Foreign News Analyst
FIFTY MILLION peasants are
aweating at forced labor all
over China to turn out millions of
tons of iron in primitive forges
by handicraft methods.
Whether this iron will be usable
for anything except the simplest
tools -seems unlikely, and probably
not even Mao Tse-Tung himself
will ever have the foggiest idea of
how much was actually turned out.
But although this metal may
not make good machine tools, it
makes excellent propaganda at
home and abroad. The inflated
figures of steel production which
it permits Peiping to release ex-
aggerate greatly the rapid enough
industrial progress which Red
China is actually making.
Day and night the steel cam-
paign goes on. Millions of coolies
toil away hauling sacks and bas-
kets ofMwhat they hope is iron ore.
Brick is piled on brick to make
tens of thousands of little minia-
ture blast furnaces. To keep one
of these operating and producing
a few tons a day takes the work
of perhaps two to three score
farmers, many of them employed
at pumping up and down on bi
bellows notbunlike those used in
old village blacksmith shops.
REPORTS ROLL into Peiping
from all the provinces.
"Until Oct. 18 Sishui county in
northern Kweichow had only a
baby iron and st'eel works that
could produce steel . . . On that
day thousands of local people came
out to build local type steelmaking
furnaces in response to the call of
the Communist Party Committee
of the county. Some 1,185 furnaces
went into operation the next day.
They turned out 1,340 tons of steel
on Oct. 20 and 5,421 tons Oct. 25."
"This year's total number of
native-method steel-smelting fur-
naces will reach at least 200,000."
These are typical quotations
from recent broadcasts of radio
Neiping.
The campaign to produce iron,
and steel in small furnaces all over
th~e country is the most dramatic
phase of the campaign of the
Chinese Communist government to
increase Red China's steel output.,
As part of the same program
construction workers labor day and
night to put into operation new
big blast furnaces and open
hearths at the big Japanese-built
combine at Anshan, or at the
plants under construction at Wu-
haii and Paotow.
The stated goal is to double
.Red China's steel output in one
year-to increase it from 5,350,000
metric tons in 1957 to 10,700,000 in
1958.
* * *
GENERALLY it seems likely
that 1> None of the handicraft
steel contributes to Red China's
industrial power; 2) The use of
handicraft methods to produce
such "vteel" is extraordinarily
wasteful of resources, including in
particular timber to produce char-
coal; 3) No one in all China has
the sig htest idea of how muchof
this metal is actually being pro-
duced.
And yet despite these facts, it
seems equally possible that the
Red Chinese steel campaign will
score a tremendous propaganda
triumph.
Such is the naive belief in big
figures, particularly among people
in the le, advanced nations of the
wldthait u'nhlvev er will
modest than the total production
increase which will be claimed by
Peiping. Also it will be one more
step in the national mobilization
and organization of China by the,
Communists.
- To top it off, the drive will im-
press deeply the Chinese Com-
munists themselves, and probably
the rest of the world.
'U' STUDENT SAYS:
Regime Unpopular
By RICHARD CONDON
Daly staff writer
R ATHER THAN 'live under the
Red regime on the Chinese
mainland, Ding-Yih Liu, a politi-
cal science graduate student at the
University and vice-president of
Chinese Student Club left his
homeland in 1949 and went to
Formosa, the anti-Communist
fortress of Free China to pursue
his free ways of living,
Mr. Liu saws that the Commu-
nist regime received initial sup-
port from the Chinese people be-
cause the Reds promised great re-
forms and because the Nationalist'
government failed to solve the
fundamental problems that con-
fronted the Chinese nation. "The
problems," he said, "were too big
to be solved immediately." Since
then, he said, Nationalist China
has progressed a long way, while
the Chinese on the mainland have
been disillusioned.
"Communist actions have not
been consistent with their prom-
ises," he said. "At first they prom-
ised to redistribute the land. Aft-
er power was seized and the na-
tion was consolidated collectiviza-
tion of agriculture was introduced.
The people were apathetic but
they began to realize that they
had been deceived. When, last
May, communization was forced
upon them they were no longer
happy."
"I am not speaking as a dele-
gate from Formosa," he said, "But
as a human being." He spoke of
the fundamental principals of the
commune system: separation of
family, development and educa-
tion of children in state camps
divorced from their parents, 16
hour work days in many cases un-
der military supervision and the
atrocities inflicted upon the people
for daring to express themselves
freely. He summarized these prac-
tices by saying, "The Chinese
people are denied the freeodm of
individual human dignity."
While seeking to proselytize the
i n s t i t u t i o n of Communism
throughout the world, the Reds,
he said, "forced the people to sac-
rifice human dignity. The price
is too great."
"TENSION is mounting every
day. Sooner or later the people
will revolt. They are only waiting
for the proper moment, which is
sure to coenm soon if the (Commu-.
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