…UJA Asks 272 lv,:gions in 1950 , ,, BEth,a--Lt Jar X A t O II % e,,,, t l HRO NI g Iii Vol. 51 — No. 45 40:44. a Thursday, December 1, 1949 10c a Copy — $3 Per Year . Anti-Jeirislt Gentlemen. Be Seated :Rioting. Breaks Out in Chicago lip CHICAGO — Anti-Jewish riot- ing on Chicago's south side has been reported in the national • press. Crowds attacked a Jew who was entertaining a number of friends, including eight Ne- groes, in one...…
…Thursday, December 1, 1949 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Pap 2 r14, Sho at Concert Temple Israel Cornerstone Rites Held I lsrael Rejects tIN Proposal ara • ,. i to internationalize Holy Ltl• of view with lq - aers stand '(7ri the ' LAKE SUCCESS— (WNS) —' issue. an have ! History, necessity and welded modern Jerusalem into RUSSIA'S RuS s's r i' a l ,No D ne of the earli- (See Picture on Page 161 Jewish State and his country, est backers of th...…
…Thursday, December 1, 1941 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page 3 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL Verdict Reversal Strikes Blow at Anti-Semitism By PHINEAS J. BIRON ILLINOIS APPELATE COURT has struck a mighty blow for the prestige and honor of Ameri- can justice. It did not content itself, with merely unanimously reversing the verdict in the case of Joseph Mc- Williams et al. vs. the "Sentinel" but flayed the court proceedings of the original trial which ...…
…DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page 4 A Blow for Justice Detroit Jewish Chronicle Published by the Jewish Chronicle Publishing Co., Inc. WOodward 1-1040 2827 Cadillac Tower, Detroit 26, Michigan SUBSCRIPTION: 53.00 Per Year, Single Copies, 1k: Foreign, $5.00 Per Year Entered as Second-class matter March 3, 1916, at the Post Office at Detroit, Mich.. under the Act of March 3. 1879. Thursday, December I, 1949 Girls Speak Their Miml on Jewish Me...…
…Thursday, December 1, 1949 WOMEN'S CLUBS • DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Direct Donor Event S. Z. Institute * Mrs. Regene Freund Cohane has invited Detroit Alumnae of Sigma Delta Tau for a dessert meeting at 8 p. m., Tuesday in her home in Highland Park. Plans are to be completed for the winter season fund raising proj- ect. A date will be selected and volunteers chosen for work at the Cancer Clinic in conjunction with the program of the -Det...…
…Thursday, December I, MI DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page 6 AJ Congress Donor Planners Events LEGAL NOTICES to Televise Panel on Reich of the Week Kvutzah Ivrith will hear a re- port on Israel by Abraham Schachter of the United Hebrew Schools at 9 p.m., Saturday at the Rose Sittig Cohen Bldg. M. Michlin will be chairman. First Insertion Meyer W. Leib, Attorney, Sete Cadillac Tower (26). NOTICE OF HEARING CLAIMS No. 374,300 STATE OF MIC...…
…Thur day. December 1, 1949 DETR 0 T Pisgah Lodge Speaker 11 Downtown Locke for big events. Su is BB VW and BBYM Who ate packing their bags and getting ready to leave for their joint convention in Pitts• By LIONEL ETRon: BBY IIAS really burgh which also begins in the been taking an active part in latter part of December • • • community service lately. BRYOutlook For example, the girls in the' Queen Esther Chapter recently spent some ti...…
…- 01110.1111111.111111.1111111.1111111110•111111110 stssmswesommewwwwwwwwwwwwwews Thursday. Decetnber 1. 1949 DETROIT JEIVISII CHRONICLE Page 8 die Realm o Zocal Societ y Plans June Wedding Lillian Harris Married I to Charles Nagdeman The marriage of Lilian E. Har- ris, daughter of Mrs. Chaim Katz of Manor avenue and the late Mr. Katz; and Charles H. Nag- deman, son of Mrs. Meyer Nag- dermal of Hammond, Ind., and the late Mr. Nagdeman...…
…Thursday, December 1, 1949 Page DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE In Evening Ceremon y Equality • Cliob Awaits Donor e .striariettieni3 Louis Wasserman announces the engagement of his daughter Sylvia Rachlin to Harold Karr, son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Mai Karr. The wedding will take place early in January. The Equality Club will hold its 22nd annual donor luncheon Dec. 6 at the Mayfair Room. For res- ervations, call Sonja Gertzman. UN. 1-7855....…
…Alfferkall I Ntish Perk Thursday, December 1. 1919 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE rage 10 Tells Donor Plans MRS. MAX H. ELIAS, presi- dent of the Zedarah Club, an- nounces the group's 18th an- nua! donor luncheon will be held at 12:30 p.m., Tuesday at the Book-Cadiliae. Proceeds will go to supply shoes and cloth:lig for the needy and for care of the aged. Mrs. Ben Jacai s, cultural chairman, state - that a fashion show wI" hig':Iight the erlert...…
…P eriodical Cotter I CLIFTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 20, 01110 Page 111 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Thursday, December 1, 1949 BE SURE TO LISTEN TO THE Jewish Chronicle Hour DIGNIFIED - POWERFUL - DRAMATIC COMMUNITY FAMILY PROGRAM WKMH 131 CI D w ONDIYAOL UR SUNDAYS AT 10:45-11:30 A. M. * MUSIC * INTERVIEWS * LOCAL EVENTS * WORLD NEWS * DRAMA ....SPONSORED BY THE ADVERTISERS BELOW.... at seen'in HOUSE EIAUTIFUI t.. tkvomber PACKER...…
…Thursday, December 1, 19411 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Pate 12 Year Book Workers Temple Israel Sisterhood to Sponsor Oneg PHIL ROTHSCHILD The adult education committee of Temple Israel Sisterhood is UW Du THE GALS i ate the Blowing out the candles this sponsoring monthly Oneg Sha- hombres they wish to date? 1 week are Larry Crantz, Shirley bots with the theme of "Joys of In a survey of 78 cookies in an Lipsky, clelrose Elkowitz, Blanche Je...…
…v•• Teen-Age , • Sophisticates Central High and would you still like to keep in touch with the fellows and girls who graduated • with you. This may all be ac complished by the forming of an "Alumni Association" of the', various classes which may also put on some social activities which will provide the opportun- ity for various class reunions. How about it fellows and girls in your first years at college does this plan sound good? If you're ...…
…, Page 14 Thursday, December 1, 1949 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Chronicle Want Ads Bring Results i Classified Ads Accepted up to 10 A. M. Wednesday Rates: 6c Per Word. Minimum Charge $1.00. Payable in Advance of Publication 2827 CADILLAC TOWER WO. 1-1040 PERSONAL ELECTRIC REPAIRS ;(0UNG Jewish girl desires to get ac- quainted with Jewish eligible gentle- man bachelor 27-33. One who has ambition. Object matrimony. State tirr.oniB eloex 2...…
…• 'Ic Thursday, December 1, 1949 Cong regations List Services Bnai David Sabbath Eve services at 4:45 p. ID. Morning worship at 9 a. in. Rabbi Joshua Sperka will preach on "The Message of Jacob's Dream." Class at 3:30 p. m. Minchah at 4:30 p .m. followed by Sholos Seudos. • • • Northwest Hebrew S Sabbath Eve services at 8:30 p. m. Rabbi Jacob E. Segal will preach on "What Makes a Man Strong." Cantor Nicholas Fenakel will chant the serv...…
…Page 16 DETROIT JEWISH CIIRONICLE Mizrachi's omen Meet Thursday, December 1, 1919 Temple Israel Cornersione Set NEW York (Special) — A mes- sage of encouragement with re- gard to social welfare projects for the children of Israel was sent by the State Department to the opening session of the 10th annual national convention of the Junior Mizrachi Women's Organ- ization of America. Bulletin The following were elected of- ficers of the Cha...…
…ArabsDemand Mr5 f o Israel Cros%ing Kinneret INS= s ■ 1 r / C \ r )41/4 Vol. 5I—No. .12 _7 \ ANICLE ssc ,t .Teuri.4h, Thursday, September 1, 1949 10c a Copy — $3 Pet Year Chronic.e Hour Starts Porter Quits Oct. 2, Station WKMH Conference Sunday, Oct. 2, at 10:45 a.m., the Jewish Chronicle Hour the air for the first time with one of the most original and dramatic programs in the history of Jewish radio, in Lausanne will go on L...…
…Thursday, September 1, 1949 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page Two 4 Detroit Men Are Named to str ct 6 Bnai r t Posts Aged Home Croup Maps Silver Event Mona Coblentz, Molly Lee, Belle Smith, Chalamas Tigel and Syl- via Weider. ,•- ■ • 7 irx • The 25th anniversary celebra- Also Mesdames Charles Blauer, i h B i Di Leon Dreylinger, Frank Green- tion of the Women's Auxiliary, Four Detroiters have been ap- wald, Eugene Gross, Albert Hel- Jewish Hom...…
…Thursday, September 1, 1949 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page Three STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL Arab Refugee Issue Keeps Haunting Ben Gurion By PIIINEAS J. BIRON RELIABLE SOURCES of information from Tel Aviv report that the American State Department is putting heavy pressure on the Israeli government, demanding it increase the figure of its offcr of 100,000 Arab refugees. As a matter of fact Weizmann, before his depart- ure for Switzerland, was a...…
…Thursday, September 1, 1949 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page Four Wolves on the Prowl Detroit Jewish Chronicle Published by the Jewish Chronicle Publishing Co., Inc. WOodward 1 1040 2827 Barium Tower, Detroit 26, Michigan -'.. "■ .,1 - SUBSCRIPTION: $3.00 Per Year, Single Copies, 10c; Foreign, $5.00 Per Year Entered as Second-class matter March 3, 1916, at the Post Office at Detroit, Mich., under the Act of March 3, 1879. GEORGE WEISWAS...…
…Thursday. September 1, 1949 DETROIT \JEWISH CHRONICLE Federation Women Nominate Mrs. Weiner for Presidency Here for •Holidays' S.Z. Men's Club Picks Chairmen Temple Youth Camp Has Detroit Visitors The following have been ap- pointed committee chairmen by the Shaarey Zedek Men's Club, Abraham Satovsky, president, an- nounced: Samuel J. Berke, Abe Sandie- man, Henry Carnick, Maurice Se- ligam, Abe Katzman, Carl Schil- ler, Louis Tatkin, Alb...…
…Thursday. September 1. 1949 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page Six in Engagement Told the Realm o Ronald Osnos Is Wed to a New York Girl Local Societ y On Southern Honeymoon 4 Families to Celebrate 127 Married Years Four sisters will celebrate a composite total of 127 married years with their husbands and families at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Sam Dworin of Pontiac on Labor Day. The Dworins have been mar- ried 25 years. as have Mr. and Mrs...…
…Page Seven DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Thursday, September 1, 1949 e Plans Spring N ngagemenb ►► lials Carl Cohans Return From Wedding Trip Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Susman of New York City announce the engagement of their daughter, Eleanor, to Donald Thal, son of Mr. and Mrs. Ellis Thal of Glynn Court. Mr. and Mrs. Carl Cohan have returned from New York and Niagara Falls where they spent their honeymoon. Mrs. Cohan is the former Ann Lesnic...…
…. Thursday, September 1, 1941 DETROIT JEWISH. CHRONICLE Page Eight `My Goodness" Donor Slated at Beth Aaron PHIL ROTHSCHILD H AVE The fifth annual donor lunch- eon of the Beth Aaron Sisterhood, will be held Tuesday, Dec. 6, at the Bel Air Terrace. Mrs. Sam L. Schneider, presi- dent, announced the appointment of the following members as chairmen of committees for the coming year. Mesdames Herman Becker, Sol Docks, Irwin Levine, Mac Silve...…
…Teen-Age Sophisticates By HELEN TENNENBAUM FTER A SUMMER of pleasures Page Nine DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Thursday, September 1, 1949 Remes, were all a part of the vacation of Barry Elias, Iry Berg, Ed Kirsh, Manny Cutler, and Al Goldberg who headed for Char- levoix.... • • • Rimar, Elaine Gittleman with Ary Bennish, Bette Stein and Milt Lutchansky, Arlene Leon squired by Melvin Borenstein, Edith Silber and Sid Baskin, Gayle Matz with Bob...…
…rage Ten Thursday, September 1, 1919 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE 1Chronicle Want Ads Bring Results' Classified Ads Accepted up to 10 A. M. Wednesday Rates: 6c Per Word. Minimum Charge $1.00, Payable in Advance of Publication 2827 BARLUM TOWER e APTS & FLATS FOR RENT WO. 1-1040 APTS. FOR RENT WHILE THEY LAST ar Milzvait Mr. and Mrs. Max Zabel an- nounce the Bar Mitzvah of their son Jerald Irwin, at 9 a. m., Sat- urday at Congregation Be...…
…oppemmoosp. Thursday, September 1, 1549 Services Set at Synagogues Beth Abraham Sabbath eve services at 7:15 p.m. Sabbath services at 9:15 a.m. Rabbi Israel I. Halpern will preach. Class at 5 p.m. Mincha at 7 p.m., followed by Sholos Seu- dos and Maariv. Weekday serv- ices at 7:30 a.m. and 7:15 p.m. • • • Shaarey Zion Sabbath eve services at 6:45 p.m. Sabbath services at 9 a.m. Rabbi Leo Goldman will speak. Class at 4:30 p.m. Pirke Avoth...…
…Thursday, September 1, 1919 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE Page Twelve *Sholome at Temple Site OUR ATHLETES No Door, Leaf ' it for Wolfeta Horse-Bettor By MITCHELL TENDLER 0 Lost! L OST Is LOST there not in this Racing • • • What Price Breeding? THE FORM holds no clue. I must stumble through the abyss of tears, torture, tribulation. Groping blindly among the maze of incomprehensible workouts, jockey changes, handicapper's se- lections and ...…
…Behind the 'Iron Curtain': Anti-Zionism in Poland and Hungary E JEWISH NEWS A Weekly Review Read Commentator's Column on Page 2 VOLUME 15—No. 16 of Jewish Events The Jewish People: CYCO Encyclopedia Three Volumes on Reform Judaism Reviews on Page 4 2114 Penobscot Bldg.—Phone WO. 5-1155 Detroit 26, Michigan, July 1, 1949 $3.00 Per Year; . Single Copy, 10c ryzvr j:, nx: elm onrpi Tr= ,N1P"1 'Proclaim Liberty Throughout the Land, Unt...…
…Mail Appeal Is Sent to Those Who Have Not Given to Campaign "If they came knocking on your door, you would give to every one" is the theme of the mail appeal sent to all members of the Jewish community who have not yet contributed to the 1949 Allied Jewish Campaign. The full text of the mail ap- peal is as follows: If they came knocking on your door, you would give to every one. I am a new arrival in the United States. Will you help me and m...…
…THE JEWISH NEWS - 3 Israeli Reparations Plan Eases Vatican Relations Friday, July 1, 1949 Council Gives Records, Literature to Members Catholic Prelate Repudiates Charge Israeli Troops Destroyed Monastery NEW YORK-It was learned from a number of members of an American Christian Pales- tine Committee mission to Is- rael, which recently returned from a study tour there, that the charges voiced by the Vati- can Radio last month-accusing Isra...…
…As the Editor Views the News .. . Important Encyclopedic Work Issued. by CYCO Community Cooperation THE JEWISH PEOPLE: PAST AND PRESENT. Volume H. An Encyclopedic Handbook in three volumes. Published by Jewish Encyclopedia Handbooks, Inc., Central Yiddish Culture Organization (CYCO), 67 Lexington Ave., New York 10. The construction of a new center for community activities on Davison Avenue, in cooperation with the Jewish War Veter- ans, th...…
…certificates for bravery displayed when they participated in the TEL AVIV (JTA) —B r i t i s h rescue of British sailors from Minister to Israel Alexander the ship Ampleworth, which Knox Helm presented three Is- foundered off the coast of Tel raeli citizens with life-saving Aviv in January, 1947. THE JEWISH NEWS-5 British Envoy Presents - Awards to Three Jews Conservative Leader Proposes . New U. S.—Israel Religious Tie Friday, July 1, 1949...…
…Reform Rabbis Berate 'Make-Believe Goodwill,' Religious School State Aid B RE TTON WOODS, N.H. the auspices of the national con- (JTA)—The inclusion of Jerusa- lem within the boundaries of Is- rael was asked by the Central Conference of American Rabbis in a resolution adopted follow- ing the report of its Commission on Justice and Peace to its 60th anniversary convention. The Reform Rabbis urged that "Jerusalem should be incorpor- atedi with...…
…Lodz Zionist Federation Dissolved; Polish Passport Situation Eases lion regarding the issuance of passports by the ministry im- proved this month, with the handing out of some 300 visas. Up to now, the monthly average has been between 120 and 130. Fees for passports have been increased to 20,000 zlotys, and so-called • collective passports, which were extremely cheap, have been abolished. In addition, the authorities have ordered that separat...…
…Congregational Activities Samuel Platt Named Yeshivah Adopts Young Israel Head ; New Board Setup; Installation July 13 Summer Term on Temple Israel Elects. LeVine Harry C. LeVine was elected A new administrative setup president of Temple Israel at for Yeshivath Beth Yehudah the annual meeting of the con- was approved at the Yeshiva's gregation, June 21. Amechani- annual membership meeting last cal engineer, graduate of Mas- Sunday. The meet...…
…, Voting Adult Council Re-elects Leonard Baruch to Presidency Ten different youth organiza- 'ons are represented on the ex- utive board of the Young dult. Council, as a result of the lection at the annual meeting une 15. Leonard Baruch was reeledted the Council presidency. Nat- , -;- udith B. Heyman Chosen President Of Judaea Leaders Mitigation of Sentences On Hungary Leaders Sought HERBERT HARRIS is the Wayne IZFA Schedules Campfire on...…
…• I Aciiviiico in °defy Eve Meister and her daughters, Martha and Joan, of Ewald Circle, have left for an extended trip to Mexico, where they will visit with their relatives and friends. Harry Stamler has returned from Los Angeles where he attended the graduation of his daughter, Susan. Miss Thelma Shanbrom, who has been studying in Cleveland, 0., will spend the summer with her family on Tyler Avenue. Mrs. Louis Marshall, Mrs. Harry Stone a...…
…ctivitieJ in Society Lois Landsberg Wed To Wallace G. Tonkin At a six o'clock ceremony June 5 at the Whittier Hotel, Lois Dr. and Mrs. Sidney Shear of Los Angeles are visiting their Muriel Landsberg became the families, Mrs. Bessie Shear of Pennington Dr., and -Mr. and Mrs. bride of Wallace Gerald Ton- Carl Shalit of Whitmore Rd., following their attendance at the Atlantic City medical convention. Mr. and Mrs. David Miller of Cherrylawn Ave....…
…12 — THE JEWISH NEWS Friday, July 1, 1449, June .4—To Mr, and' Mrs. Walter Frandel (Sylvia Gold- man) • of 17410 Kentucky, a daughter,, Marilyn Beth, * * June 11—To Mr. and Mrs. Max Chomsky (Bertha Belkin) of 4084 Buena Vista, a daughter, Frieda Lynn. * * June 13—To Mr. and Mrs. Ed- gar M. Fenton (Boots Weisbaum) of Cincinnati, a son. Richard Todd. * * * June 14—To Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kaufman (Lila Fishman of New York City) of Elmhurst Ave....…
…I W orneit'J Clulo Our Letter Box Thanks from Young Adults Editor, The Jewish News I am writing this on my be- half and on behalf of the offi- cers of the Jewish Young Adult Council. We wish to thank you for your cooperation in the cele- bration of the first anniversary of the Young Adult Council. We were very pleased With the proper display of publicity and your favor able editorial comments about the Council 'in the issue of June 10. We ...…
…JWV Reports:' Vets Set Tripled . Membership Goal Jewish Center Activities (The Jewish Community Center, 8904 Woodward, is a Red Feather Agency.) By PAUL KIRSCH (Editor's Note: This is the first in a weekly series of col- umns concerning the activities of the posts . and auxiliaries of the Department of Michigan, Jewish War Veterans. All posts and auxiliaries are asked to send their news items to the department office, room 206 Charlevoix ...…
…THE JEWISH NEWS--1 5 Friday, July 1, 1949 People Make News Reuben B. Besnik, nationally Among Detroiters elected as directors of the United Health prominent administrative figure and Welfare Fund of Michigan in community organization and welfare work, are Harry Becker, Martin L. has assumed Butzel, Dr. B. Benedict Glazer, the executive Julian S. Krolik, Judge Theodore post of Director Levin and Henry Wineman. * * * of University Resources at...…
…It Sophie Schwartz Heads Hadassah Business Unit At a meeting held June 12 at the home of Mrs. Perry Bern- stein on LaSalle Blvd., the Busi- ness and Professional group of Hadassah installed Sophie Blanche Schwartz as chairman. Assisting her are Daisy Kass, Jewish National Fund; Sara Ep- stein, Youth Aliyah; Sophie Fen- ton, treasurer, and Eva Ray- nitzky, vice chairman. Mrs. Isidore Sobeloff was gUest speaker. 16—THE JEWISH NEWS Friday, J...…
…allillill181111118H181881111181811811181118111111111811181881111118111811118188011111818111111118111181111811111111111 1.1: THE JEWISH NEWS-1 7 Friday, July 1, 1949 P Danny Raskin's E_== LISTENING r7 r ESTELLE WEIN, lovely winner of the column's 1949 Beauty Contest . . . now attending the Patricia Stevens School of Mod- eling as a result of her victory . . . was selected "Miss Detroit Tobacco" . . . in bathing suit parade before a judi...…
…Obituaries 1 8—THE JEWISH NEWS Friday, July 1, 1949 Try and Stop Me Monument ALBERT MANN, 19154 Ohio, man Chapel with Rabbi Sperka. died June 12. Services were held and Cantor Sonenklar officiat- By BENNETT CERF at the Kaufman Chapel with ing. He leaves his wife, Jean; a Rabbi Adler officiating. He son, Stanley; mother, Mrs. Bes- RED ALLEN is not only one of the most brilliant stars in leaves his wife, Elena; a son, Al- sie Litinsky; 2 br...…
…Classified Advertisements LIVING QUARTERS For Sale - To Rent Wanted Exchange ISCOURAGED COUPLE and gifted daughter need unfurnished place to live. Reasonable. TY. 8-1290. COUPLE or middle-aged woman. large room, new bedroom set. Kitchen and telephone privileges. After 6 p.m., TO. 9-5825. • .I. WITH ONE CHILD desperate to ;find apartment or flat. Willing to dec- . orate. Call TO. 7-7249. DUNG. WORKING COUPLE would like to rent 3 or 4 room ...…
…Exhibit of Students' Work, School Texts, Displayed at UHS Meetino- , k*rgt. :. 4,4Akk, At the annual meeting of the United Hebrew Schools, at Northwest Hebrew Congregation June 21, an interesting exhibit of textbooks, students' art work and numerous creations in the schools indicated many of the activities in all branches of the Detroit Hebrew educational system. Among the articles on display were works of students in elementary, high schoo...…
…Women Planning Calls to .14 ,000 For Contributions On 'THE Day' Mrs. Harry L. Jones is serving campaign assignments, Mrs. Jones as chairman of planning and or- is president of the Detroit chap- ganization for THE Day, Sunday, April 24, of the Women's Division of the 1949 Allied Jewish Cam- paign. On that one day, the 2,000 workers in general solicitation will call upon their 14,000 pros- pects for one contribution to cover the more than 50 ...…
…Israelis Taking Over Jerusalem State Zionists Back Frisch as ZOA Head 3 Nen, Little DP' s Etizzrit , TaLcril4 ft, I Vol. 51, No. 11 R NICLE 27 --- East European, Arab Curbs on Jews Studied by Knesset Friday, April 1, 1949 10c a Copy — $3 Per Year Ministries Moving to Holy City TEL AVIV—(WNS)—When the foreign ministry, it is said, is mak- Knesset (Parliament) resumed ing a determined effort to con- sessions, one of the major prop- vi...…
