I
Sir An
Sixty-Eight Years of Editorial Freedom
Baii4
FV
FAIR, COOL
FOUR PM
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 2,1959
FIVE CENTS
FOUR PA(
l4
Soviet Educators
Stress Language
(EDITOR'S NOTE Following is the second .in a series of five articles
by niversity President Harlan Hatcher on his recent trip to the Soviet
Unrion as head of a delegation which studied higher education. This series
o tilds originally appeared in The Detroit News. The original articles by
Preit Hatcher are reprinted here in full.)
By HARLAN HATCHER
General comparisons of the Soviet and American educational
systems are almost impossible to make. The goals of the two systems,;
and therefore the specific porgrams in each of the fields of education,
are sodifferent that an attempt to compare one against the other is
irtually meaningless.
I have said that the United States educational system has done,
: nd is doing, a superior job of training young people for our kind of
society. I repeat that statement. There is every reason, based upon
past performance, why the American people should have the utmost
ionfidence in their schools and colleges.
Schools Make Changes
It is also significant, I think, that when the needs of our nation
have 'changed, the schools have come forward to meet those needs.
Thus, in the early development of this country, when agricultural and
technical specialists were in great demand for a rapidly expanding
frontier economy, there sprang up the great Land Grant Colleges.
Thus; too, the development of teachers' colleges to serve an ever-
tncrasing need in that field. And thus somewhat more recently, the
organization of a large number of more specialized scientific and
technical schools which are now'
a vital part of our educational
syst-m.
We have again reached, I be-
lieve, the stage in our national de-
.g 5rvelopment where a re-evaluations
of some of our educational goalst
kr;. and the practices based upon
them, is required. The frontier ofr
today is no less real than it was
in our grandfather's day. But it
is of a different nature.t
Need Evaluation1
One of the fields in. which ourt
educational system needs to take
stock of its assets and its short-a
comings is in the sciences-physi-
cal, biological, and mathematical.c
Another is foreign language in-
struction.x
I shall not dwell at length/on
the sciences, nor attempt to ad-s
vance any final conclusions onI
" . Soviet educational programs inc
these fields. A considerable num-
ber of American scientific delegations hve visited the USSR,I
and their observation, and conclusions are rather widely known.
Confirms Resultsc
My own observations, based upon only a cursory examination ont
some of the work in universities and colleges, confirms the conclu-c
sions already reported by authorities in the field. The Soviet systemc
does place a heavy emphasis on the sciences from the elementaryE
school t6 the graduate level. In some respects the education of a stu-I
dent in the sciences is much narrower than ours, but it is also much
deeper in his particular area of specialty.C
Perhaps .it is sufficient to point out that before the recent educa-x
tional reform, the Russian student, by the time he had completed thet
ten-year (secondary) school, had received 1,386 hours of instruction f
in mathematics (second only to Russian language and literary read-t
ing); 297 in biology; 165 in physics; and 66 in chemistry. In addition,
he probably took some 250 hours in technical drawing, practical shop
work, and related subjects. With the number of hours of practicalx
work to be increased under the recently announced educational re-x
form, and with the ten-year school extended to eleven years, the timet
devoted to the sciences undoubtedly will show a corresponding in-
crease.
Recommends Book
For those who are interested in a detailed and scholarly analysis
of Soviet education in the science fields, I would recommend most c
highly Alexander Korol's excellent book, "Soviet Education for Sciencef
and Technology." It is one of the most authoritative publicationsi
available on this subject.
In the area of foreign language instruction, it seemed to all mem-c
bers of our party that the Soviet education program was superior
to our own. Almost everywhere we went we met Soviet students,;
secondary as well as college, who could speak and understand English
with considerable skill.
Here again instruction begins at the elementary school level.t
The study of a foreign language commences in the fifth grade andi
continues through the tenth, or last, grade. It is part of the regularc
curriculum and a compulsory subject which a student must pass be-I
fore being granted his diploma.X
Learn Reading .
In the secondary schools, the aim of foreign language instructions
is to teach pupils to read and understand original texts of moderate1
difficulty and to provide the foundation for the attainment of speak-
ing skills in later education. There is some evidence, however, that
recent studies have found this program inadequate and that more
emphasis will be placed, even at the secondary level, in learning to
understand and speak the language rather than simply upon obtain-
ing a reading knowledge.
Altogether, 660 hours of instruction are devoted to the study of
a foreign language in the curriculum of a Russian secondary school.
This is broken down into 132 hours in each of the fifth and sixth
grades, and 99 hours in each of the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth
grades.
Require Two Languages
At the university level, two foreign languages are'required of al-
most all students regardless of major. Here the primary emphasis is
upon speaking the language and understanding the spoken word. Spe-
cial schools, such as the Institute of Foreign Languages which we
visited in Moscow, require even greater proficiency and are doing a
truly outstanding job of instruction in the language field.
Almost everywhere we visited, we found well-equipped labora-
tories for the study of languages. These laboratories contained the
latest in audio-visual equipment making it possible for the student
to listen to various kinds of foreign accents, to record his own voice
and study defects in pronunciation, and to otherwise take advantage
of the latest technical devices to help him obtain a mastery of the
Ianguage.
System Has Weaknesses
Appropriation
Unchange
As-
Education
Bill
DR. WILLIAM IKUBBARD
. named medical school dean
Name Dean
To:0Replace
Furs tenberg
Dr. William N. Hubbard, Jr., as-
sociate dean of the New York
University College of Medicine,
has been appointed dean of the'
medical school.
Replacing Dean Albert C. Furs-
tenberg whose retirement fur-!
lough began yesterday, Dr. Hub-
bard is the fifth person to hold
the title of "dean" and the eighth
administrative head of the medi-
cal school in its 109-year history.
The appointment, effective im-
mediately, was announced by
President Harlan Hatcher early
yesterday, following word from
Dr. Hubbard that he would ac-
cept. Negotiations with Dr. Hub-
bard had been authorized by the
Regents.
Unanimously Recommended
The ,selection of the new -dean
came after intensive study of po-'
tential candidates, with the medi-
cal ' school faculty committee
working on the appointment un-.
a n i m o u s l y recommending Dr.
Hubbard, President Hatcher said.
The University, the President
commented, "feels fortunate in
being able to select Dr. Hubbard
to assume the deanship at a time
when the medical school is con-
fronted with all of the new and
trying problems facing medical
education everywhere.
"We needed a person with the
necessary skills, therdedicated la-
brr and the wisdom to continue
the great leadership which this
school has enjoyed under Dr.
Furstenberg's deanship.",
Received Degree from NYU
The 39-year-old iappointee re-
ceived a bachelor of arts degree
from Columbia University, studied
in the medical school at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina and re-
ceived his doctor of medicine de-
gree from the NYU medical col-
lege.
He continued specialized train-
ing in internal medicine at New
York's Bellevue Hospital, joining
the NYU medical college faculty
in 1949. Dr. Hubbard was subse-
quently named the John Wyckoff
Fellow in Medicine and was ap-
pointed assistant dean in 1951.
Since 1953, he has served as as-
sistant professor of medicine and
associate dean of the medical col-
lege.
Luebke Wins'
Presidency
Of Germany
BERLIN (R) - Heinrich Luebke,
the handpicked candidate of
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, yes-
terday was elected president of
West Germany.
The election by the 1,038-mem-
ber electoral college went off
without incident despite the!
threats and protests of the Com-
munists.
The Reds had warned that
holding the convention in West
Berlin, 110 miles behind the Iron
Curtain, was a dangerous affront
to East Germany.
Shows Chancellor's Power
The voting demonstrated that
the 83-year-old chancellor, de-
spite recent grumbling over his
whip-cracking tactics, was still
very much in command of his
ruling Christian Democrat Party.
The 64-year-old Luebke, a short
wiry man little known except for
his record as agriculture minister
for the past six years, was elevat-
ed to the ceremonial presidential
job on the second ballot. He ran
up 526 votes, six more than
needed.
Carlo Schmid, the scholarly 62-
year-old Socialist candidate, was
second with 386. Max Becker of
the Free Democrats received 99.
Voters Abstain
More than a score abstained on
each ballot.
The Socialists and Free Demo-
crats had hoped to slip one of
their candidates in if any sub-
stantial number of Christian
Democrats bolted on the secret
ballot.
'Changes
Rent Polcy
Michigan Terrace and North-
wood Apartments will cost Uni-
versity students more in the fall,
it was announced yesterday.
Rents will be raised five to
seven dollars monthly because of
a change in leasing procedure,
Leonard A. Schaad't, business
manager for University housing,
said.
Student tenants requested a 60-
day noticeto terminate their
leases, rather than yearly con-
tracts. This rent increase will
cover expected vacancies caused
by the new leasing procedure,
Schaadt said. .
Apartments are expected to be
largely vacant during the sum-
mer. Previously, students were
forced to sublet their apartments
if not in use during the summer
months or meet the rent in some
other manner.
Effective Sept. 1, monthly ren-
tals for the University-operated
apartments will be $85 for a
single room, $97 for two rooms
and $112 for three rooms.
By SELMA SAWAYA
"America must find the 'carriers
of promise' and knock down any
and all obstacles in the path of
their education; it must develop
these carriers into a democratic
elite."
Prof. Max Lerner offered this
yesterday as one part of the an-
swer to the question, "Can We
Win the Future?" Speaking before
a capacity crowd attending the
third talk in the summer lecture
series, "Modern Man Looks For-
ward," Prof. Lerner delved into
the problems of America's past,
the ethos of our time and the
possibilities for America's future.
He emphasized the role of "cre-
ativeness" throughout history, and
its present important role in
carrying on what he termed the
'continual American revolution.'
Suggests Joining Forces
In describing this revolution,
Prof. Lerner prefaced his remarks
with his concept ,of an "intelli-
gence race" - the concept of'
either a race against Russia and'
China, or a race with them
against a "common adversary,
Chaos."
"America will have to move
away from its preoccupation with
technological inventions to' a pre-
occupation with sociological in-
ventions," he said. This will be
done by developing the "social
intelligence" of the individual -
"social intelligence includes emo-
tion, will, courage, sensitivity and
a sense of human responsibility-
a very difficult thing to achieve."
Prof. Lerner continued by de-
scribing the "triple revolution"
of our time, the framework within
which America must operate in
the race for the future.
The triple revolution is the
revolt ofrcolonial peoples against
imperialism, the revolt of colored
races against the white race and
an economic revolution, which is
the effort to enable the mass of
people to make a living and a
life.
Must Move with Tide
To gain any advantages, Ameri-
ca must~ work with this tide of
events, he continued. "We can-
not make headway in this world
by being the last bastion of con-
servatism.
"We thought we could keep
dangerous ideas away by building
walrs and forbidding the teaching
of them. We now know this atti-
tude is wrong; what we should
have is competition between ideas,
and we must develop a sense of
the creative idea within people."
Pointing out some of the ob-
vious relationships between Amer-
ica and the revolutionary tradi-
tion, Prof. Lerner also mentioned
the ideas which America has given
the world.
Introduced Ideas to World
"At the time of our revolution,
the idea of freedom was one of
the most astounding concepts the
world had heard to that time.
"America has also given to the
world another idea-the idea of
access . .. everyone having equal,
PROF. MAX LERNER
... calls for creativeness
LERNER DISCUSSES FUTURE:
America Needs 'Democratic Elite
access to equal opportunity. And
we have given to others the idea
of a 'life style,' the sense of possi-
bilities of life."
Goingnfrom therevolutionary
traditions of America to its pres-
ent ethos, Prof. Lerner discussed
the current attitude toward sci-
PROPOSAL:
To Curtail
_Telecasts
By The Associated Press
LANSING - Allocations were!
not the only concern of legislators
in actions affecting the state's
schools and universities yesterday.
A bill designed to eliminate
closed-circuit telecasts of Univer-
sity and Michigan State Univer-
sity games was sent to Governor-
G. Mennen Williams for final ap-
proval while a bill focusing on
revision of rural school district
boundaries was restored to life in
a surprise House action.
The proposal concerning game
telecasts, which cleared the Legis-
lature yesterday would slap a fi-
nancial penalty on the two big
schools if they agree to a repeat
of last fall's closed circuit tele-
cast of their sellout football game.
Any profits would be cut from
their legislative appropriation for
operations in 1959-60.
The controversial K-12 school
district bill, buried last week in a
Senate committee, was tacked
onto a Senate-approved measure
setting up procedures for county
school boards to revise school dis-
trict boundaries by House sup-
porters yesterday.
The K-12 plan, approved in the
House several weeks ago, would
force the estimated 1,350 primary
school districts with no high
schools to build them or join oth-
er districts which already have
them.
ence and its' relation toi
ing attitude toward man
He deplored the gro
dency to regard facetse
such as the forests or
sources, as something to
ipulated and used.
By adopting what he
"public-relations point
big business and such m
as radio and TV have b
ipulating man in much
they have been manipul
ture.
"Man, as well as Natu
always be subject, neve
Prof. Lerner declared. H
about the growing ten
human beings to becom
able."
Sees Moral Vigor De
Part of this tendency
be linked, to the declin
national moral vigor, h
ued.
Examining the goals c
most Americans today.
money, 'security, happin
-will show that each h
of soundness, but that
has become distorted by
pulsiveness which mo
have developed in pur
goals.
Each person must r
the goals in the light o
personality, and not in
of the mass society, Pri
said. Society is depend
and more on individua
future - "we are a
society," he continued.
America must think in
the creative minoritiesN
it a spearhead society
fostering these minor
their creative ideas; t
must think in terms of
-"the development of t
tial within the individu
Prof. Lerner conclude
the individuals in Amer
ety who have the stan
rebel on them-the ma
individual who is posse
creative ideas - and
them to form part of t
democratic elite will be
task of the America of t
is to win the' future.
World N
Roundu
By The Associated I
JERUSALEM - Pri
ter David Ben-Gurion
showdown test in Parlia
terday on the governm
cision to sell arms to N
many, the hottest dom
in Israel's short existei
Despite bitter Israeli
the Germans for their
termination of the Jew
ment voted 57-45 again
tion to cancel the contr
250,000 Israeli-made g
launchers to West Ger
deputies abstained.
* * *
WASHINGTON - Fi
Deputy Premier Frol1
talked for 70 minutes w
dent Dwight D. Eisenh
terday, reportedly touch
East-West deadlock ov
and then plugged for
Soviet-Afmerican trade
sion with Senators.
Kozlov pounded on t
that trade is a means f
ing relations between
try and the United Sta
But Senators said th
Soviet leader had nothi
offer them on the quest
future status of West E
outstanding barrier to1
lations at this moment.
C G L * *
COVINGTON, La.-G
RS ..
Passes,
Le isature
Votes Funds
the grow-
wing ten-
of Nature, Community College
other re-
be man- Allocation Lowered
called the By Joint Committee
of view," By The Associated Press
ass-media
een man- LANSING - A slightly-altered
the way higher education bill cleared the
ating na- Legislature yesterday, with no
changes in the University's record
re, should $33.4 million appropriation for
r object," operations.
e worried The bill totals $101,380,832 for
dency of education, after slight cuts by a
e "vend- joint House-Senate conference
committee.
cline The committee chopped the
can also House-approved allocation for
e in the junior and community colleges by
Le contin- $155,000, leaving sit at $3,620,000,
Appropriations'Listed
-omuon to Appropriations for the other
- success, state colleges and universities re-
ss, power mained untouched. Exact figures
ias a core
this core are:
the com- Wayne State University, $14.7
etoplemillion.
St peoplePFerris Institute, $1.7 million.
suing the Houghton, $2.9 million.
'-exainine Central Michigan University
f-his owne $2.6 million.
the light Eastern Michigan College $2.9
heig million .v
f. Lerner mlin
li.gLmrer Northern Michigan College, $12
ing moremiln '
ls for its stern Michigan University,
spearhead $4.4 million.
n terms of It rejected a $25,000 increase in
who make the State Library allocations put
, and in on in the House, but gprovided
ities and $2,500 for bookbinding and$7,00
he ocityto provide for an oversight in th
heductio original allowance for salaries.
education
he poten- School Aid Unsettled
al. The Legislature completed ac
d, finding tion on budget bills totaling about
ican soci- 150 milliop dollars, leaving only
ap of the school aid and capital olay
rk of an spending; levels to be decided.
ssed with No action on the two remaining
educating budgetary items was expected be-
he future fore next /week. Legislators plan
the major to knock off for a long holiday
today if it weekend after brief meetings this.
morning.,
Sen. Frank D. Beadle (R,-8t.
Clair), Republican majority lead-
er, estimated the final size of the
e' s completed general fund budget at
411 million dollars compared with
424 millions asked by Governor
jPG. Mennen Williams.
Totals Near $361 Million
Press The totals of spending bills
ne Minis- approved *y the Legislature was
won a brought by yesterday's actionto
ment yes- just under $361 million.
nent's Tde-.'o this figure, Sen. Beadle added'
West Ger- an estimate, of 15 million dollars
estic issue for capital outlay and 35 million
eic. dollars from the geeral fund to;
hatred of supplement the 1959-60 school aid'
mass ex- program.
vs, Parlia- Other bills cleared after Senate
nst a mo- and House acceptance of confer-
act to sell ence committee adjustments
r e n a d e totaled $24,195,180 for safety and
many. Six defense and $24,309,339 for gen-
eral government.
Sen. Beadle gave his overall
rst Soviet budget estimate in a letter to the
R. Kozlov Governor reiterating Senate re-
ith Presi- fusal at this time to authorize
tower yes- cashing the Veterans Trust Fund
ing on the to swell depleted treasury bal-
er Berlin, ances. .
increased
in a ses- 1owalski Hits
the theme "
or better- Quack Passage
his coun-
tes. Of Fund Bills
ie visiting
ng new to special to The Daily
in o the LANSING - Not all legislators
better re- here were satisfied with the speedy
passage of appropriations bills for
higher education, mental health
ov. Earl K. and public health Wednesday.
to adopt a House of Representatives Demo-
whom he cratic Floor Leader Joseph Kowal-
s hospital. ski, of Detroit, said the appropria-
ur doctors tions bills "have been shot through
governor, the Legislature in a slipshod man-
TO TRAIN INSTRUCTORS:
ELI Institutes Educational Television,
.:: ::Television was used, probably
>:" ;.: - -::....for the first time in the world, to
help train teachers of English as
a foreign language in a demon-
.:..:{ {4stiation Wednesday.
The occasion was the initial
use of the English Language In-
stitute's brand new $27,000 closed-
- : " circuit installation located in the
" : " :} {North University Building.
The equipment,Bfinanced by a
Ford Foundation grant, allows an
ELI teacher to instruct a class
of foreign students in the rudi-
ments of the English language.
while another class of ELI "teach-
er trainees," watches and dis-
cusses the results in a neighboring
room.
Using the new TV technique,
Long announced p
14-year-old boyw
played poker in a
plans tt
with
Texas
Meanwhile, one of fo0
treating the Louisiana