Sixty-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIWERsmTY OF MICHIGAN
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"Don't Mind Dickie - He's Just Getting
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When Opinions Are Free,
Truth Will Preval"
rbditorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, JULY 12, 1956 NIGHT EDITOR: ADELAIDE WILEY
Japanese Election Returns
Unfavorable to American Policy
THE RECENT election returns in Japan will cool toward American policy in the Orient, not
have a marked effect on American foreign only on the question of rearmament but also
policy in the Far East. Although 'Premier on such major problems as renewed relations
Ichire Hatoyama's Conservative party was re- and trade with mainland China and the contin-
turned to control in the House of Councillors, wing presence 'of American military personnel
upper house of the Japanese Diet, the Socialist and bases in Japan.
party gained enough seats to block an attempt
by the Conservatives to revise the Constitution. THE SOCIALISTS generally desire to weaken
The Constitutional reform issue revolves Japanese ties with the United States and to-
about a proposal to rearm which is supported build relations with Communist China. Al-
by the Conservatives and favored by the United though Japanese Socialists object to the term
States as a force to aid, if necessary, in stem- "neutralist bloc," their policy would move
ming the spread of Communism. In opposition Japan into the middle ground in the East-West
are the Socialists, backed by the Communists conflict.
and other small factions. The return in this election was the freely
Although a small National Defense Force expressed will of the people of a sovereign state
has been created in Japan, major rearmament in a honest election. The irony of the situation
is forbidden under the controversial Article 9 lies in the fact that Article 9 is the direct
of the Constitution, the famed "no-war" clause. result of the denands of the Allied Occupation
The Conservatives have gradually been pushing during the writing of the Constitution in 1946-
for repeal of this Article in order to undertake 1947.
the rearmament program they believe necessary Dictated by the necessities of the Cold War,
for the defense of Japan. and in preparation for the possibility of a Hot
War, the United States has been forced into a
THE ELECTION returns will negate this ef- reversal of its position. A large segment of the
fort, for the immediate future at least. To Japanese people, on the other hand, has shown
revise the Japanese Constitution a vote of an opposition to any move to change the present
absolute % majority in both the upper and prohibition against any sizeable military estab-
lower houses of the Diet must be effected. In lishment.
addition, the issue must be taken to the people
where a majority vote is necessary to carry the THE UNITED STATES can only continue to
measure. exert efforts to retain the diplomatic friend-
The Conservatives, even with the votes of ship of Japan in a positive, constructive man-
allied factions, will not be able to muster ner, encouraging and aiding her in stabilizing
enough strength in the House of Councillors her political and economic affairs. Japan, with
to take the first step in Constitutional revision. her ever-growing population and her reviving
Japanese rearmament is out of the question at industrial resources, is an essential ally in the
present. Cold War struggle.t
The vote this week was also important in If the Japanese people choose not to become
that the trend to the left, while not severe, military allies, the United States must insure
gives some indication of the thinking of the that Japan remains as a diplomatic friend.
Japanese voter. The Socialist Party has been -RICHARD HALLORAN
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Candidate Not Leader
By WALTER LIPPMANN
r.~t
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LYDIA MENDELSSOHN:
Maugharn's 'The Circle'
THEAmusing But Stiff
SPEECH Department's second production of the summer is
Somerset Maugham's "The Circle," an amusing if stuffy domestic
comedy. Certain technical difficulties prevent it from being as aptly
done as the season's opener, but Maugham's love of caricature serves
well to keep the play on its feet.
The Circle itself is ingeniously (though, mathematically speak-
ihg, preposterously) composed of two triangles. One is formed by
Clive Champion-Cheny, his runaway wife of three decades past, and
Lady Kitty's paramour, Lord Posteous: the second features Arnold
Champion-Cheny, his wife Elizabeth, and a young colonial named
Teddie Luton.
The plot questions whether the romantic mistake of Lady Kitty
will be repeated by her equally romantic daughter-in-law. There is
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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Cold War Opportunit Missed
By DREW PEARSON
O JUDGE by what is happening in Congress
to the President's legislative program, he
is the unanimous candidate of a party that
will not follow him as a leader. A heavy major.
ity of the Republicans, acting contrary to the
President's advice, had justed 'voted for the
Powell amendment which made it impossible
to pass the bill to give Federal aid to the pub-
lic schools. But for the Republican defectors,
the Democrats could not have gotten Congress
to over-rule the Administration on the size of
the military appropriation, and in effect to
pass a vote of no confidence in the President's
military judgment.
The President's very modest proposals to
liberalize international trade are stalled be-
cause of Republican opposition. The foreign
aid bill, the keystone of Administration foreign
policy, is given what "Life" magazine describes
as "a furious kicking around." None of this
could have happened if the President had a
reasonably united support from his own party.
Yet he has such overwhelming support for
his running again that he will probably be re-
nominated by acclamation. The same Repub-
licans who oppose his policies and his mea-
sures are a chorus crying out that the future
of this country, the future of the world, de-
pend upon his being a candidate. What are we
to make of this contrast between his candidacy
and his leadership? The obvious explanation is
the cynical one, that the dissenting Republi-
cans do not believe in Eisenhower's policies but
that they need him to win the election for
them,
THE RELATIONS between the President and
his party in Congress are remarkable. His
enormous popularity and prestige have made
him, as he was far from being in 1952, the un-
disputed choice of the party for President. Yet
he is as little able today as when he took office
to unite and lead his party in support of his
policies. The issues on which the party will not
unite behind him are not small issues. They are
crucial and major issues of foreign policy, de-
fense, education. What takes some explaining
is how, though he and they are divided in Con-
gress, they can be united for the Presidential
election.
This is possible because in General Eisenhow-
er's conception of the American government,
the President is not the leader of the system
who makes it work but the officer who pre-
sides over the Executive branch. He exhorts, he
preaches, he proposes measures, he pleads for
them. But he does not lead the Congress.
In his book there are no rewards for men,
like Sen. Wiley, who take risks in order to fol-
low him; there are no penalties for those who,
like Sen. Knowland, so often oppose him. Yet
in order to lead a party it is necessary not
only to talk but also to use a discipline of re-
wards and penalties.
It is General Eisenhower's unwillingness to
insist upon party discipline, his virtual neu-
trality between those who oppose him and
those who support him, that account for his
inability to lead Congress. His personal popu-
larity, which is his party's prime asset, is free-
ly available to all Republicans without any re-
ciprocal obligation on their part. So the Re-
publicans apposed to Eisenhower want him for
President, being under no obligation to follow
him.
THE AMERtICAN potitical system has never
worked well when the President is passive
and unable to give a strong lead to Congress.
For the American Congress is like other legis-
lative bodies as, for example, the French Na-
tional Assembly. It is almost incapable of deal-
ing successfully with big questions except un-
der the leadership, which includes the disci-
pline, on the Executive.
On measures where the national interest is
more than the net sum of opposing local inter-
ests, the Executive, that is the President, must
be the active political force.
He cannot drop the big measures into the
legislative assembly, making an occasional pub-
lic comment and doing some private lobbying,
but on the whole standing aside in an attitude
of respectful neutrality for the big measures
are almost certain to be ground to bits by Con-
gressmen responding to local pressures from
their constituents. These measures can be
saved and carried through the Legislature only
if the representatives can feel behind them, and
can point to, a national ressure which is
stronger than the local pressures. Except when
there is an upheaval of popular sentiment,
only the President can generate. the national
pressure.
THE KELLEY bill to give Federal aid to the
public schools is a case in point. The nation-
al interest, as the President rightly saw it,
called for the passage of this bill. It was known
to all that there was no chance of passing it
through the Senate as against a Southern filli-
buster, if the bill contained the Powell amend-
ment denying Federal funds to states resisting
integration. But a heavy majority of the Re-
publicans in the House, joined by a third of the
Democrats from the North, nevertheless voted
to insert the Powell emendment.
Thus Federal aid to education was sacrificed
by some 148 Republicans and some 77 Demo-
crats who believed they were appealing to the
Negro voters in their local constituencies. The
President alone could have forced Congress to
face the grave national need in this crisis of
HERE IS some unwritten history
regarding a previous revolt be-
hind the Iron Curtain which may
point to ways of helping the peo-
ple of Poland today.
In June, 1953, immediately aft-
er East Berlin workers tackled Red
tanks with bottles and bare hands,
crying for food, I suggested to
Jimmie Riddleberger, then in
charge of the State Department's
German Desk, now Ambassador
to Yugoslavia, and to General
Beetle Smith, then Undersecre-
tary of State, that U.S. food sur-
pluses be given the hungry rioters
by private American service
groups.
The Lions, , Kiwanis, Rotary
clubs, I suggested, together with
t h e American Legion, VFW,
AMVETS, Junior Chambers of
Commerce, would probably be de-
lighted to help finance the pur'
chase and distribution of surplutL
food. If the offer was turned down,
then East Berliners, with no boun-
dary to worry about, could come
across to West Berlin and pick up
the foo dthemselves.
I pointed out that it was much
better for private American groups
to do this, because gifts by gov-
ernment are viewed with suspic-
ion.
I also figured this proposal
would be right down the Eisen-
hower Administration alley be-
cause it had been talking so much
about private enterprise and keep-
ing the government out of pri-
vate enterprise.
* * .
IT SO happened that the Inter-
national Lions Clubs were holding
their annual convention in Chica-
go at that time and they author-
ized me to make a concrete pro-
posal for "the purchase of surplus
wheat and butter which Secretary
Benson had running out of his
ears.
So I went down to see Secretary
Benson. He brought in five of his
top executives. They were polite,
cordial, noncommittal.
"The executives of the Lions In-
ternational," I explained, "are
ready to buy your wheat and but-
ter for the support price you paid
for it. They would like to take de-
livery immediately in West Ber.
lin. The State Department informs
me that you already have a large
supply there so that all you need
do is to send a cable to release it
there."
I stressed the need'"for speed,
the fact that nww was the psycho-
logical time to show that individ-
ual Americans were eager to help
individual rebels against Commu-
niem.
I suggested that it was much
better to have groups of Americans
operate than the government, be-
cause east Germans distrusted
governments. They did not dis-
trust people.
s * *
"WILL YOU write me a letter
about this?" requested Secretary
Benson.
"I have already written one," I
said, and pulled it out of my
pocket.
Days passed-a total of three
weeks. No word from Benson. Fi-
nally, Riddleberger phoned to say
that he had taken $15,000,000 out
of the State Department budget
to offer food to the East Berliners.
The State Department drafted
an official announcement and
President Eisenhower signed it. It
was a fine gesture, and good poli-
tics here at home. But part of the
bloom was off the rose. By that
time it was July. The riots were
over. And the official announce-
ment by the U.S. government was
interpreted abroad as a pure prop-
aganda gesture. It won. us no
friends.
- *
THIS UNWRITTEN history is
told now for one reason only -
the recent revolt in Poznan, Po-
land.
This time the State Department,
acting more wisely, had the Amer-
ican Red Cross offer to send food
to the Poles. The Red Cross,
though organized under the wing
of the government, is not the gov-
ernment. The offer was turned
down.
It is still not too late for groups
of patriotic Americans to offer
food to the Poles. If the offer is
turned down, it is still not too late
to send the food in small packages
by balloon. The Crlaade for Free-
dom has been sending balloon
messages into Poland ever since
we inaugurated the idea from
West Berlin in the summer of
1951.
At first we were not as successful
in reaching Poland as Czechoslo-
vakia. But the balloon techniques
have improved since then, and it
would be perfectly possible to
launch a 'tremendous barrage of
balloons carrying waterproofed
packaged food, each bearing a
message in the Polish language to
the people of Poland from individ-
ual Americans in the U.S.A.
One reason Congress is cutting
down on foreign aid is because aid
by government has lost part of its
effectiveness. But the American
people have great generosity, great
initiative, and great enthusiasm
once they are given a chance to
move.
(Copyright 1956, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
obviously room for much moraliz-
ing and witty repartee, and these
are present in varying amounts
according to the seriousness of the
scenes.
The six principal actors divide
neatly into the same pair of tri-
angles-the older generation prov-
ing most adept, while the younger
threesome exhibits a fair share
of uneasiness in the roles.
Lady Kitty is played with su-
preme flair by Gertrude Slack,
who has little trouble flashing
from frivolity to sentimentality
and then to sincere concern over
the fate of Elizabeth.
, * ,
HOMER STORY appears as the
wronged husband of the world-
weary trio. Mr. St ry does ex-
tremely well as a nfan who has
made a working arrangement with
life and is satisfied with making
a running commentary on it. His
cynicism is generally weak, but
since he seems to approach all
things with an affection for situ-
ations this doesn't hamper him too
much.
Warren Pickett's portrayal of
Lord Hughie Porteous is the play's
best feature. His gruffness and
generally ill-humor bring him
laughs on almost every line, and
his apparent comfort and pleasure
in the role are excellently com-
municated.
The members of the younger
set manage less well. Marilyn
dherniak, as Elizabeth Champion-
(heny, shows far too little the
romantic she claims to own. Miss
Cherniak reads most of her lines
with inappropriate smiplicity and
flatness. Albert Phillips (as her
husband) is fairly stiff and given
to posturing, and Joseph Ombry
(as Teddie) is falsely bumptious
though occasionally effective.
M -Tom Arp
MELODY CIRCUS:
'Annie' Hits
Fast Pace
SOME OF THE prop rifles may
have misfired Monday night in
the opening of "Annie Get Your
Gun" at the Melody Circus The-
ater, but the cast certainly did
not as they went on to give a
bullseye performance of the
Broadway hit. The pace that "An-
nie" started off with-and main-
tained-was the fastest of the sea-
son for the tent theater-in-the-
round at Grand River and Eight
Mile in Detroit; and it takes good
performers to achieve good pace.
Melody Circus had the good per-
formers Monday night, so it goes
,without saying that "Annie Get
Your Gun" is a summer musical
success that Ann Arbor audiences
will enjoy.
Pay DeWitt in the title role was
an immodest and lovable Annie
with the necessary rustic finish to
her characterization and a pleas-
ant voice suited for batting out
such uninhibited numbers as "Do-
in' What Comes Naturally" and
"You Can't Get a Man with a
Gun" one moment and a soft, ro-
mantic tune like "They Say It's
Wonderful" the next.
Opposite Annie, William Shrin-
er as Frank Butler keeps up his
end of the love match with a
strong voice and a stage presence
that is more western cowboy than
perhaps he realizes.
* * *
THE PLOT of the musical, a
simple boy-meets-girl sketch, is
spiced up with cowboys, Indians
and sharpshooters, and Bobby
Jarvis, who stages the Melody Cir-
cus musicals, has taken advantage
of this to present the most exciting
spectacle ever witnessed under the
big green-and white-striped tent.
Near the end of the first act,
Rex Cooper, the Melody Circus
choreographer, does an Indian
"Adoption Dance" that holds the
audience spellbound. Performing
under a filtered red light, Cooper
seems to fill the stage with his
costumed body, leaping and whirl-
ing in a ritual that won the wild
applause of the first night audi-
ence.
The girls in the corps de ballet
were especially light and bouncy
in the show, and one of their num-
ber, a lithe gaminesque brunette,
fairly steals the show every time
she comes on the stage.
* * $
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin Is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assumes no editorial responsi-
bility. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN from the Room 35
Administration Building before 2 p.m.
the day preceding plication.
THURSDAY, JULY 12, 1M8
VOL. LXVI, NO. .12
General Notices
Phi Delta Kappa Luncheon Meet-
ing - All members of Phi Delta
Kappa are invited to a luncbeon meet-
ing in the South Cafeteria of the Mich.
Igan Union at noon ons Thurs., July 12.
Go through the cafeteria line and car-
ry your tray to the South Cafeteria,
which will be reserved for Phi Delta
Kappa. Plans for future activities will
be discussed. Visting. faculty and stu-
dent members are especially invited.
Lectures
Linguistic Forum Lecture, Thurs.,
July 12, 7:30 p.m., Rackham Amphi-
theater. Dr. Seymour Chatman, Unver-
sity of Pennsylvania, on "Linguaistic
and Poetics."
Astronomy Department Visitors' Night
Fri., July 13, 8:30 pam., Room 203.
Angell Hall. Prof. F. T. Haddock will
talk on "Radio Stars and Planets." After
the talk the Student Observatory on
the fifth floor of Angell Hall will be
open for inspection and for telescopic
observations of the Moon and Saturn.
Children welcomed, but must be ac-
companied by adults.
Play
The Circle, W. Somerset Maugham's
comedy, will be presented by the De-
partment of Speech at 8:00 p.m. to.
night in the Lydia Mendelssohn Thea-
tre.
Concerts
Carillon Recital: ':15 p m. sThurs
July 12. Comrpositiols by ercvail Price,
pezofrmed by Professor Price: Seven
Preludes and Sonata for 43 Bells.
Faculty Conert: William Stubbis,
clarinet, Clyde Carpenter, French horn,
and Mary McCall Stubbins, piano 8:30
p.m. Thurs., July 12, In Aud. A, Angel
Hall. Program: Sonata for French horn.
and Piano, Op. 17, by Beethoven; Duo
Concertante for Clarinet and Piano, Op.
33, by Von Weber; Sonata for Horn and
Piano (1939) by Hindemith; Sonatine
for Clarinet and Piano, Op. 85, No. 3
(1948) by Gunter Raphael. Open to the
general public without charge.
Academic Notices
La Socedad Hispanica, of the Depart.
ment of Romance Languages, weekly
meeting today, Wednesday, at 7:45 p.m.,
in the Assembly Hall of the RacJ~bam,
Building. Dr. Federico S. Escribano,
Professor. of Spanish, will speak on
Spanish on "Intromision del ingles en
el habia espanola de boy." Spanish
music and songs. All interested are
invited.
Doctoral Examination for Robert Aen
Schuteman, Education thesis: "A
Study of Colombian Nationals Who
Attended Collegiate Institutions in the
United States," Thurs., July 12, 31
School of Business Administration at
2:00 p.m. Chairman, A: D. Henderson.
Placement Notices
The following schools have listed
vacancies for the 1956-1957 school year. -
They will not send representatives to
the Bureau of Appointments at this
time.
Elmwood Park, Ml. - Teacher needs:
Elementary ( second grade, 1 fifth
grade); Industrial Arts.
'Farmington, Mich. - Teacher needs:
Vocal Music; Girls' Physical Educati
Flint, Mich. (Utley School) - Teacher
needs: Elementary (Later Elem., Kin-
dergarten); Homemaking; Math/Science
Spanish/English.
Fowler, Mich. - Teacher needs Ath.-
letic Director/Coach/Industrial Artl
Instrumental Music.
Hudson Mich.-Teacher needs: Band
Seventh tirade.
Kern County, Calif. (Bakersfield,
Calif.) - Teacher needs: Elementary
(Kindergarten to Eighth); English, So-
cial Studies; Girls' Physical Ed,; Coi-
mercial; Homemaking; Music; Special
Education (Mentally Retarded; Speech
Correctionist; Supervision).
Klamath Falls, Ore. - Teacher needs:
Elementary (1st to 8th); Social Studies;
Foreign Language.
Manton, Mich. - Teacher needs:
Science/Social Studies; Later Elemen-
tary.
Marion, Ohio--Teacher needs: High
School Home Economics; Junior High
Vocal Music; Arts and Crafts; English/
Latin.
Maumee, Ohio-Teacher needs. Girls'
Physical Education, High School/Ele-
mentary; Public Speaking/English;
Speech/Hearing Therapist; Elementary
FOUR YEARS AGO:
Post-Election Brought Gloom
By DAVID KESSEL
FOUR YEARS AGO, while the
Korean war continued, and Illi-
nois diminished Rose Bowl pre-
tentions by winning from the Wol-
verines 22-13, Stevenson and
Eisenhower fought a grim battle
throughout the land and the pages
of the Daily were black with
headlines and read with enthusi-
asm.
In spite of an artificially creat-
ed atmosphere of intense political
interest, generated by political so-
phisticates, students and faculty
appeared less apathetic than us-
ual as election day approached.
Polls taken at registration re-
vealed strong faculty support for
Adlai, while students favored Ike
2 to 1. And a full page ad in The
Daily named hundreds of "Stud-
ents for Stevenson", including a
few names that crept in by mis-
take, to the dismay of the own-
ers.
* * *
GROUPS OF STUDENTS eager-
PERHAPS A FEW editorial writ-
ers noted the difficult transition
Eisenhower was making from mil-
itary leader to political leader,
but the names of McCarthy, Jen-
ner, Taft, and Ferguson were men-
tioned with elegant disdain and
each new proclamation by Steven-
son was carefully reprinted.
After the election, the prevail-
ing opinion seemed to be mingled
astonishment and dismay. Prin-
ciple operating factors were claim-
ed to be disatisfaction with the
Democrats and confidence in Ike,
although many writers noted that
"Adlai talked sense to the people
but they wouldn't listen."
A deluge of letters, some tragic,
others ridiculous, poured in, while
the editorial mill ground out
journalistic corn in abundance.
S* *
THE WORD "LIBERAL" was
used with incredible frequency,
and it was applied to a wide va-
riety of groups. "If you put "lib-
eral" in quotes, know whom you're
how they could get that "liberal"
out of the White House, without
losing the next election, but this
is too well known to be significant.
*, * *
NEVERTHELESS, the intense
reaction to the defeat of the Dem--
ocrats in 1952 is not easy to ex-
plain. Unquestionably, many oth-
wise rational observers made some
incredible statements shortly after
the election results were known.
Apparently most of these indi-
viduals had come to identify them-
selves almost completely with
Stevenson, while blindly opposing
Eisenhower, making litke or no
effort to investigate or evaluate
his potentialities tnd abilities.
(Unfortunately, Stevenson be-
came infatuated with his so-called
intellectual appeal and his writers
were instructed accordingly. This
may have cost him some votes but
it made available to historians
much well constructed prose.)
* * *
FOR A FEW DAYS, most of the
faculty and some of the students
9
Editorial Staff
LEE MARKS, Managing Editor
Night Editors