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VOL. LXV, No. IOS
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1955
FOUR PAGES
Steel Strike Ends
With Wage Hike
U.S. Steel Agrees To 15-Cent-Plus
Hike; Other Plants To Offer Same
PITTSBURGH (OP)-The shortest steel strike in history ended yes-
terday when the nation's No. 1 and 2 basic steel producers agreed to a
15-cent-plus hourly wage boost.
United States Corp., the nation's top producer and tle usual in-
dustry pacesetter, came to terms with the CIO United Steelworkers
about 12 hours after the strike began.
With big steel's 150,000 workers assured of a wage boost, the union
quickly signed Bethlehem Steel Corp. which has alout 80,000 USW
members.
David J. McDonald, president of the big union, predicted the re-
Congress May Hold Back
Finances for Dixon-Yates
Eisenhower
Orders Plan
.~.:..::~<~4«:4~R R -evaluated
Ann Arbor
To Celebrate
150th 4th
July 4, 1776 marked the sign-
ing of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence,
For 150 years after that. patri-
otic Americans annually celebrat-
ed their freedom from England
by huge celebrations, parades and
of course fireworks.
,A look through 19th century
newspapers shows that "engines
trimmed in red, white and blue'
headed long parades of soldiers
and children on the Fourth of July
in Ann Arbor.
Parading
The parade marched to a city
park, where the Declaration of
Independence was read to a large
audience. Then a talk by a well
known soldier was given-the sub-
ject, "Patriotism of Americans.'
The anniversary of American
independence began at daybreak
in 1870 by the ringing of bells
firing of guns and pistols, and
shooting of fireworks.
"At 9% o'clock," so an old ac-
count reads, "the procession
formed for a parade down Huron
Street. A day of picnicking, hose
fights and fire-shooting was held
with hundreds of local families
attending.
Southern Holiday
Not long after the Civil War
k an Ann Arborite, Charles Cooley,
went to Ashville, North Carolina
for a vacation. From there, on
the 4th of July, 1883, he wrote
that he "longed for the sound of
firecrackers of patriotic boys in
the 'North having fun."
The reason for the quiet holi-
day, according to the letter, was
that after the Civil War, Negroes
were celebrating their emancipa-
tion,; apparently forgetting the
Declaration of Independence.
The whites became so discour-
aged at the celebrating, they no
longer paid attention to the fes-
tive occasion, Cooley wrote. By
1883, there was no celebrating by
anyone in the South.
Calendars and newspaper ac-
counts of the 20th century show
that Independence Day means a
day of vacation and picnics, fire-
works displays and partying Sel-
dom are ceremonies held where
the Pelaration of Indeperndence is
rad, or even mentioner1
r Flood Controlling
Suggestion Made
WASHINGTON (A)-The Senate
hat cottages and resorts throughout
the state.
s Drive Safely"
The entire nation is preparing
for the holiday amid repeated
warnings of "Drive Safely." In its
usual frightening way, the Na-
tional Safety Council has predict-
ed 3P0 traffic deaths for the na-
tion in the next three days, all the
while pleading with motorists to
make the prediction much too
high.
In Washtenaw County, Sheriff
Erwin L. Klager has cancelled all
leaves, put extra fee deputies on
duty and assigned six Guardsmen
1 to work with his regular men. Six
partol cars from the department
will cruise county highways, he
said.
State troopers at Ypsilanti are
also putting extra cars on the road
and cancelling pass days in an ef-
fort to hold down highway cas-
ualties. Twelve Guardsmen will
ride with troopers.
Planes To Help
The Civil Air Patrol will have
planes in the air beginning Mon-
day afternoon when the home-
bound jam is due to start. Pilots
will keep a wary eye on develop-
ing traffic jams and congested
highways.
In serene contrast to the ex-
i plosive highway situation, the Ann
Arbor scene will be peaceful, if not
altogether empty. City police ex-
pect an easy time of it as com-
pared to normal duty, because
many city drivers will be fighting
traffic jams on the highway ra-
ther than motoring on city streets.
Another aspect of the Fourth of
July, fireworks, does not promise
to be of much concern, city police
, said. There has been less trouble
with illegal explosives such as fire-
crackers this year so far, as com-
pared to past years, they said.
Fireworks displays are scheduled
for the Fourth aat Ypsilanti and
Whitmore Lake by professionals li-
censed for that purpose.
sMarine Flier
Found Dead
On Ocean Isle
TOKYO UP)-One of four miss-
ing Marine" airmen was found dead
yesterday in the wreckage of his
jet plane on a little volcanic Pa-
cific island normally skirtedby
fliers because of tricky winds that
swirl crazily above it.
The unflagging hunt for the
three others entered its sixth day
with at least 12 planes and 13
ships maneuvering in a criss-cross
pattern through a 16,000-square-
mile area south of here. Weather
was clear.
The body found was listed ten-
tatively by the Marine Corps as
that of Lt. Alan Alan M. McAneny.
mainder of his 600,000 members in
Strikes Halt,
er Mill,
CarTeamsters
By The Associated Press
A brief nationwide strike of some
600,000 United Steel Workers melt-
ed yesterday with a 15-cent hour-
ly wage increase agreement, but
labor trouble brought shutdowns
in the copper industry.
Transportation strikes jammed
trafftic in Washington, D.C., and
Buffalo, N.Y. A street car and bus
strike went through its 11th day
in Los ,Angeles.
The AFL Teamsters Union con-
tinued a strike which curtailed mo-
tor freight movement in New Eng-
land. The teamsters also called a
strike over wages of Railway Ex-
press truck drivers in nine major
cities for Tuesday.
In the copper and nonferrous
metals industry, three of the Big
Four basic producers were, struck
by the International Union of
Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers,
an unaffiliated union,
The union said that all installa-
tions of the American Smelting
and Refining Company, Phelps
Dodge Corporation, and Kenne-
cott Copper Corporation were
picketed in support of e~ 20-cent
hourly pay raise demand.
Workers in all three transporta-
tion strikes are members of the
AFL Amalgamated Assn. of Street,
Electric Railway and M o t o r
'Coach Employes of America.
The union is seeking arbitrationj
of its demand of Capitol Transit
Co. for a 25-cent hourly pay raise.
In Buffalo, employes have de-r
manded a 7-cent raise.
Stassen Pleas
For Free .Asia
WASHINGTON W) - Harold
Stassen stepped down as foreign
aid chief yesterday with a plea
that America concentrate most of
its aid funds in free Asia "for a
long time to come."
A few minutes after he submit-
ted his final report to President
Dwight D. Eisenhower, former Re-
publican Congressman John B.
Holister took over as his succes-
sor.
basic steel industry would get the
"identical contract from other firms
quickly.
Steel Prices Up
U.S. Steel quickly announced
that it's boosting prices about 5.8
per cent, amounting to slightly less
than $7.50 a ton. Basic carbon steel
now sells for about $125 a ton.
Similar price boosts are expected
throughout the industry. Within a
short time consumers are expected
to begin paying more for the
thousands of products made from
steel.
Big Steel said the price hike is
effective July 6.
Industry sources said all steel
companies were expected to follow
the big steel pattern in prices.
No Disorder
The quick ending of the strike
came as picket lines circled steel
plants throughoutthe country.
There was no disorder.
Clifford E. Hood, president of
U.S. Steel, said work in the corpo-
ration's steel producing plants "will
be resumed as quickly as possible."
It was expected production would
be normal again Tuesday, following
Monday's July 4 holiday.
Unanimously Approved
Steelworkers greeted the settle-
mnent with happy shouts as McDon-
ald read off the terms to the
union's 170-member Wage Policy
Committee.
The pact was unanimously ap-
proved by the union's policy mak-
ers.
Union members, following a tra-
dition of "no contract, no work,"
walked off the job Thursday mid-
night even as McDonald and John
A. Stephens, vice president and
head negotiator for U.S. Steel,
were putting finishing touches on
the pact. They had been in < mar-
athon man-to-man all-night bar-
gaining session.
Reasons for Increase
The increase provides an 11'4
cent hourly wage increase for all
workers and a half-cent spread be-
tween the 32 job classifications.
The spread is estimated to average
out to another 3%/ cents an hour.
The new agreement pushes av-
erage hourly earnings of steel-
workers to 2.44%/. The lowest paid
worker in the mills now will re-
ceive $1.682 an hour. The cor-
poration originally offered about
10 cents an hour.
In announcing U.S. Steel is in-
creasing its prices, Hood declared
this was made necessary "not only
by the rise in U.S. Steel's employ-
ment costs under the new contract
but also by the steadily mounting
costs of purchases, goods and serv-
ices, of state and local taxes and
of new construction."
WASHINGTON (M)-The Housel
gave President Dwight D. Eisen-
hower a dramatic new victory yes-
terday by breaking an anti-segre-
gation impasse, then passing his
bill to build up a trained military
reserve of nearly three million men.
First the chamber voted down,
156-105, a new attempt by Rep.
Adam C. Powell, Jr. (D-N.Y.) to
tack on an amendment against
segregation in the National Guard.
Then it defeated 161-52 a motion
by Rep. Charles P. Nelson (R-,
Maite) to send the bill back to
committee. Finally it pas. d $!Ne
bill and sent it to the Senate.
The votes on the Powell amend-
ment and Nelson move were stand-
ing ones and the final decision was
by voice vote'because there was in-
sufficient demand for a roll call.
Thus there was no record of how
individual members voted.
However, reporters noted that
almost all Republicans present and
virtually all Southern Democrats
voted against the Powell amend-
Judge Rules
Desegregation
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (1) - Fed-
eral Judge H. Hobart Grooms rul-
ed yesterday that the University of
Alabama cannot refuse enrollment
of two Negro women.
He ruled that the university is
"permanently enjoined and re-
strained from denying the plain-
tiffs and others similarly situated
the right to enroll ... solely on ac-
count of their race or color."
ment. It was supported by numbers
of Northern Democrats and a
handful of Republicans.
Teen Age Volunteers
It is designed to increase the
trained reserve from 700,000 to
2,900,000 men in four years, largely
through teen-age volunteers for
special six months' training and
71/2 years reserve duty.
The measure had been blocked
temporarily in the House May 18
when Powell, a Negro got in an
amendment prohibiting federal as-
signment of reservists to segregat-
ed guard units. The vote then was
126-87. Manysupporters of the
amendment actually were opposing
the reserve program itself.
Under constant prodding by the
President, the House Armed Serv-
ices Committee reworte the meas-
are, eliminating all reference to the
guard, and sent it back to the
House. Other major provisions
were left unchanged.
Drop Issue
Eisenhower asked Powell in a
letter to drop the segregation is-
sue because it would kill the bill.
The reserve bill, which the Sen-
ate is expected generally to en-
dorse in later action, provides:
1. Youths under 18% years old
can volunteer for maximum special
training of six months if they agree
to stay in the reserves 7% years.
This choice, limited to 250,000 men
annually, would substitute for reg-
ular two-year draft duty.
Obligation Cut
2. The total reserve and active
duty obligation for other volun-
teers and draftees would be low-
ered from eight to six years. Of
this, five years would be in active
VERTICAL TAKEOFF AIRLINER-This laboratory scale test model of an airliner that can take off
and land like a helicopter has been successfully flown, it was announced in Moffett Field, Calif.
The plane, using the downward jet-of-air principle, takes off, lands, and hovers with its wings in
this position. The wings are moved up into a horizontal position for normal flight. The model was
shown to more than 400 of the nation's top executives of aviation at the Ames Aeronautical Lab-
oratory. (AP Wirephoto).
ANTI-SEGREGATION RIDER DEFEATED:
House Passes Reserve Training Bill
Democrats Call
Project Doomed
WASHINGTON (P) -- The Dix-
on-Yates private power project, a
storm center issue between Presi-
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower and
public power advocates for more
than a year, was wobbling on its
last legs yesterday.
In Congress, key Republicans
joined jubilant Democrats in a
move to withhold funds for a
power line to link the private
project with the government's
Tennessee Valley Authority sys-
tem.
These funds, 6% million dol-
lars, are crucial. Unless they are
provided, even if the Dixon-Yates
plant is completed its power would
be left stranded in the middle of
the Mississippi River,
Study Begun
And within the administration,
officials began a new study, di-
rected by President Eisenhower
himself, to decide whether to
scrap the contract so stoutly de-
fended by Eisenhower for many
months.
Democratic leaders in Congress
said the project is doomed. They
p r e d i c t e d the administration
would abandon it. But even if the
administration persists, they said,
Congress will see to it now that
the project is killed.
These and many other devel-
opments stemmed from an an-
nbuncement by the city of Mem-
phis, Tenn-. that it will build it-
own power plant rather than ac-
cept Dixon-Yates power. Foes o$
the project, joined by some for-
mer supporters, concluded that
in the light of this decision the
Dixon-Yates plant is no longer
needed.
duty and trained reserve service,
the additional year in the inactive
reserves.
3. Reservists who failed to main-
tain 48 annual drills and 17-day
summer training, or the equival-
ent, could be recalled to active
duty for 45 days for each year
they were behind in training.
4. The President would be autho-
rized to recall up to one nillion re-
servists to active duty, without
consulting Congress, in an emer-
gency.
World News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
Pilots Killed . .
COIMBRA, Portugal - Eight
Portuguese fighter pilots rode to
death in formation in American-
built Thunderjets yesterday.
They crashed in a thick fog in
mountain country-one four-plane
flight above the other-while on
air force show at Coimbra, an at.-
the way from Ota Air Base to an
cient university center 110 miles
northeast of Lisbon.
The blast and flames of the
crash carried aloft to four fellow
pilots lyignf ft,cct-r owpb .. ...
plane squadron. All these emerged
pilots filying top cover for the 12-
unscathed.
* * *
Peipig Speaks eee
MOST DROWNINGS UNNECESSARY:
Rules for Safe Swimming Given
Drownings claimed 149 lives last Fourth of July weekend.
"Most of these drownings, and others that occur during the
summer months, can be prevented if people would learn simple water
safety precautions," commented Fritzie Gareis, swimming instruc-
tor in the women's physical education department.,
Miss Gareis laid down a few rules for swimmers to observe:
1. Never swim alone. No matter how good you are, you can't tell
when you get a cramp, or get into trouble.
2. Swim at a beach where there are people, and ideally, where
there is a lifeguard.
3. Don't dive headlong into a place you don't know. There have
been instances of people splitting their skulls on submerged rocks.
4. Don't swim in unknown waters. Investigate the bottom so you
will be able to -avoid strong currents and drop-offs.
Watch Pollution
5. Be careful of pollution in unfrequented waters.
6. If you can't maintain yourself in the water for at least five
minutes, don't go out in a boat or canoe.
7. Wait an hour after eating before going into the water.
8. Don't overestimate your swimming ability.
9. Never get panicky in case of an accident. Surprisingly, drown-
ings frequently occur close to a beach, dock or other object.
"People can help individuals if they are within reaching distance,"
Miss Gareis explained. "They can hand or toss something out to the
TOKYO -- Peiping radio Fri-
day night said some of the three
American and two Belgian ex-sol-
diers due to leave Red China soon
have been drunk and disorderly
and have insulted women and po-
lice while awaiting exit.
A broadcast, heard here, said
Otho G. Bell of Olympia, Wash.,
was arrested Wednesday because
he abused and committed provoca-
tive acts against passing citizens
and the policeman on duty in the
street, and threatened them with
assault."
Britain Joins .. .
LONDON - Britain has decided
to join six West European nations
in a study of plans to share and
develop atomic energy and other
industrial resources, official sour-
ces said yesterday.
The six countries are France,
Italy, West Germany, Belgium,
Netherlands and Luxembourg.
Second Yictim .. .
FAIRBANKS, Alaska - The Air
Force identified yesterday the sec-
ond of two fliers killed Tuesday in
the crash of a jet training plane
near Big Delta.
He was 2nd Lt. Leonard D. Reed
son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert L. Reed
of Liberty, Ind.
The other victim was identified
previously as 2nd Lt. Darrel C.
Disputed Contract
The hotly disputed contract
calls for private utilities, headed
by Edgar H. Dixon and Eugene A.
Yates, to build the 107 million
dollar plant in West Memphis,
Ark., across the Mississippi Riv-
er from Memphis.
The contract with the AtomIc
Energy Commission would funnel
this Dixon-Yates power into the
TVA system to replace TVA power
consumed by atomic plants else-
where. But the key point is that
Dixon-Yates power was destined
to relieve a shortage within the
Memphis area.
Tennessee and Memphis offi-
cials, as well as Democratic lead-
ers generally, have argued the
private power would be more
costly, would enrich the utilities,
and would be an opening wedge
to destroy public power and the
TVA.
Private Enterprise
Supporters of the plan have de-
fended it vigorously as a logical
and worthwhile example of pri-
vate enterprise. They have argued
further expansion of the TVA sys-
tem would lead to socialism or
government control of all electric
power.
The Senate appropriations Com-
mittee voted to withhold the 6%/
million dollars for the TVA trans-
mission link to Dixon-Yates "if
within a period of 90 days after
the approval of this act the city
of Memphis has made a definite
commitment to supply its power
needs and the TVA is relieved of
this obligation."
In New York, Edgar H. Dixon,
president of Middle South Utili-
ties, said, "As far as we're con-
cerned i we still have a contract
with the Atomic Energy Commis-
sion calling for completion of the
first unit of the plant by August
1957, and we will continue to go
ahead."
Polio Downi
...