'DRAMARAMA'
See Page 4
L qp- jL
4c
i.t zgau
Latest Deadline in the State
:43aiti,~
oh
CONTINUED MILD
r
VOL. LXII, No. 18-S
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 16, 1953
FOUR PAGES
I
t
Red German
Judge Fired
ByGrotewohl
Woman Named
Justice Minister
BERLIN -( - Communist
East Germany purged its justice
minister, Max Fechner, yesterday
and appointed a woman judge,
"Red Hilde" Benjamin, to take his
place.
Premier Otto Grotewohl said
4 Fechner, 60, was fired for "activ-
ity hostile to the republic," but did
not specify what this activity was.
He apparently has been chosen as
a scapegoat for the anti-govern-
ment riots which began June 17.
FECHNER'S fall was made pub-
lic j'ust six days after Moscow an-
nounced that Soviet Secret Police
Chief Lavrenty P. Beria had been
stripped of high office and set
down for trial as a traitor.
The same fate apparently
awaits Fechner. The East Ger-
man Red minister was the first
satellite politician to get the ax
in what is expected to be a wide-
spread purge in the wake 'of
Berias arrest. Fechner's son was
reported arrested earlier yes-
terday on undisclosed charges.
The East German announcement
coincided with a Moscow radio de-
claration that Beria's crony,
Vladimir G. Dekanozov, had been
purged from the Communist par-
ty in Georgia, a Soviet Republic.
This apparently meant that De-
kanozov had also lost his job as
minister for state security in
Georgia, home province of Stal-
in and Beria
FECHNER was last in the news
July 5 when he disclosed that 50,-
000 Germans had been arrested
for taking part in the uprisings.
He had been noted since ap-
pointment to his job in 1949
as a vigorous anti-American
and leader of the campaign to
blame the regime's troubles on
"American saboteurs."
But his successor, "Red 1ilde,"
has been even more zealous.
Mrs. Benjamin went on the war-
path last year and the scalps be-
gan piling up. Day after day,
broken men were hauled before the
bench where she sat as judge of
the State Supreme Court. They
were told what their alleged crime
was, given virtually no chance of
defense and sent off to long pris-
on terms.
« s «
MRS. BENJAMIN, who is Jew-
ish, has been a Communist since
the end of World War I. She man-
aged to escape Hitlerian prosecu-
tion through means which have
never been made public, although
her husband died in a concentra-
tion camp. She won her nickname
because of devotion to the Krem-
lin throughout those long years.
The Fechner bombshell broke
over Berlin yesterday as the
West muffled in secrecy plans to
exploit the unrest caused by the
worsening food shortage.
The West's program to aid East
German hunger sufferers, stung
the Red government into action
yesterday night.
It announced ration-free pota-
toes would be put on the market
immediately for all consumers in
East Berlin. The Communists ap-
parently gave East Berlin priority
over the rest of East Germany on
the new potato crop because of the
relief activities of Mayor Willy
Kressmann in a borough of West
Berlin who has been giving away
food.
EAST GERMANY'S state-mo-
1opolized food supplies are critical--
ly short. The summer harvest pros-
h pects are poor.
West German Vice Chancellor
Franz Bluecher flew back to Bonn
from Berlin last night with a full
agreement among officials here on
emergency relief measures for the
Soviet zone.
These will be submitted to the
Bonn Cabinet at a meeting today
for quick implementation.
Excess Tax Bill
Sent to President
WASHINGTON - (P) - Heed-
ing pleas that amendments might
cause further delays, the Senate
voted a straight six-month exten-
sion of the excess profits tax yes-
terday and sent the long-disputed
'
Rural Retreat
NORTH CAMPUS -- TOO SMALL? ADD ANOTHER!
* - * *
Forum Highlightsi 'U'
'add=A -Campus' Policy
In a 30 page article on "New Thinking on College Building," a re-
cent issue of the Architectural Forum spotlighted the University's
answer to the predicted enrollment boom-"Don't extend the campus;
add another one."
"In a desperate effort to catch up with the 60 to 100 percent
Increases in students, American universities last year added 865 new
buildings at a cost of $840,000,000," according to the magazine's report..'
PICTURES and descriptions of recent additions to 17 college
and universities, illustrate solutions to the problems of design and
Big 3 Invites
Reds to Four
Power Talks
Propose German
Unity on Agenda
WASHINGTON-0-()-The Unit-
ed States, Britain and France, in
a followup of their three-powr
strategy talks, yesterday formally
invited Russia's foreign minister to
a new East-West cold war confer-
ence.
Almost identically worded notes
to Russian Embassies in Washing-
ton, London and Paris proposing
a four power meeting be held' in
late September were dispatched by
the three Western governments.
* * *
THE INVITATIONS called on
Russia to discuss two critical Er-
opean problems; Uniting divided
Germany by free elections and an
Austrian peace settlement which
would end Russian and Western
occupation of that country.
The State Department announc-
ed the dispatch of the United
States note.
In sending the written invi-
tations less than 12 hours after
the end of their foreign min-
isters' conference here, the Big
three countries obviously were
taking no chances on a possible
Russian propaganda turndown
even before they' acted.
At the windup of their five day
conference Tuesday, Secretary of
State, John Foster Dulles, Lord
Salisbury, the British acting for-
eign secretary; and French For-
eign Minister Georges Bidault
jointly announced they would pro-
pose such a meeting to Russia for
early autumn.
*' . *
A TOP RANK American spokes-
man said the Western Powers
would agree to the proposed for-
eign ministers' conference.
In an earlier statement on Far
Eastern affairs, they joined in
warning Red China their govern-
ments would fight once more if
Communist forces "should renew
their aggression in Korea after an
armistice."
The United States, British and
French leaders also declared they
would support existing common
policies indefinitely toward Com-
munist China even after a Korean
cease fire.
National
Roundup
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - The Senate
yesterday ratified a treaty giv-
ing foreign courts the right to try
and punish American servicemen
for civil offenses overseas.
WASHINGTON-J. B. Matthews
yesterday asked the House Un-
American Activities Committee for
an opportunity to testify before it
in support of his charges of Com-
munist infiltration of the clergy.
* * *
WASHINGTON-The 3 0-mem-
ber House Government Operations
Committee revolted yesterday
against its chairma'n, 77-year-old
Rep. Clare E. Hoffman (R-Mich.),
and voted to strip him of his one-
man authority to order special in-
vestigations,
Do or Die
LUFKIN,g Tex. - {A°} An
18-year-old boy apparently was
fed up with equations in a high
school algebra class yesterday.
He pulled a pistol from his
belt and fired out the window
over teacher Wade Keene's
head.
A girl student fainted and fell
from her chair. Thinking she
was wounded, the teacher called
an ambulance and police. She
wasn't.
Authorities were searching
for the boy late yesterday. Class
was dismissed.
ROK Army Starts New,
Broad Counterattaek
90 Per Cent
Of 'U'Faculty
Get PayHikes
Pay raises for an estimated 9
out of 10 faculty members have
been included in the budget for
the coming fiscal' year, University
officials revealed yesterday.
The budget went into effect
yesterday, at the end of a legally
specified two-week waiting period
subsequent to a special meeting
of the Board of Regents held on
June 30.
However, the budget is retroac-
tive and covers the whole of the1
current fiscal year, which began'
on July 1.'
The distribution of the hikes
was not specified, but it is ex-
pected that the amount allotted
to them will be at least $2,-
000,000.
Made in an attempt to "adjust
existing inequalities" the increases
were part of a program aimed at
moving University salaries "closer
to the cost of living," according to
Arthur L. Brandon, director of
University relations.
Cancel Center Tea
The International Center has
postponed its regular ThursdayI
garden party so students may at-
tend President and Mrs. Harlan
Hatcher's reception in the League1
today,t
The weekly outdoor teas will
resume next week.s
difficulties in financing special
purpose buildings which beset uni-
versity architects.
The article describes the Uni-
versity's North Campus, across
the Huron, as a building plan
parallel to the retreat of the
merchandising world from down-
town to surburban shopping
centers.
"The University of Michigan, al-
ready one of the biggest of all uni-
vefsities has decided to stop nib-
bling at its college town borders
and instead build a suburb," the
article said.
* * *.
HAVING exhausted all Univer-
sity owned property in the im-
mediate postwar building program
and reached a point where the
University practically bisects the
town," the Regents' began to pur-
chase parcels of land out in the
country, the article quotes Lynn
W. Fry, University staff super-
vising architect.
Problems facing the Univer-
sity were:
1. The taking of residential
property from the tax rolls
2. Overloading of public util-
ities
3. Increasing of parking prob-
lems within Ann Arbor
4. Incurring of animosity of
residents in taking over their
homes.
The plan drawn up by Eero
Saarinen and Associates in 1951
and constructed on model scale
(now on display in the Union) is
"flexible so minor changes can be
made without harming overall de-
velopment."
In discussing financial building
problems, the article points out
that "yesterday's pomp is giVing
way to today's economic circum-
stances."
ACTION NEAR KUMSONG:
USIS Head
Hits Critics
Of Program
WASHINGTON-(A)-Dr. Rob-
ert L. Johnson, outgoing chief of
the State Department's informa-
tion service, said yesterday some
of America's most effective anti-
Red programs are being damaged
by "unsupported charges that they
are somehow soft on communism."
Johnson, without naming his
target, blamed "some of those who
are in the forefront of the fight
against communism."
* * *
AT THE SAME time House Re-
publicans with a little Democratic
help cut 32 per cent yesterday
from President Eisenhower's "aus-
terity budget" request for the
Voice of America.
The Voice is a major activity
of the U.S.I.S. information and
educational programs to counter
Soviet propaganda abroad.
Johnson spoke out after Sen.
McCarthy (R-Wis.) sidetracked
one phase of his Senate investi-
gations subcommittee inquiry
into the kind of books on the
shelves of the State Depart-
ment's overseas libraries.
Notified by McCarthy that he
need not testify Wednesday as
scheduled, Johnson proceeded to
disclose what he termed the full
story of the libraries.
- * * *
"ONE OF THE great dangers I
have sensed. during my term of of-
fice is that many of our most ef-
fective programs in fighting com-
munism are being impaired by un-
supported charges that they are
somehow soft on communism,"
Johnson said in an accompanying
statement.
"I do not say that there is a
deliberate effort to kill or crip-
ple these anti-Communist pro-
grams through the simple de-
vice of making such charges. I
merely point out that it is one
of the tragic ironies of our time
that some of those who are in
the forefront of the fight against
communism are among those
who are damaging the action
programs that do battle against
Financing of the Voice of Amer-
ica programs was provided in a
$168,155,584 omnibus appropria-
tion bill which the House passed
by voice vote and sent to the Sen-
ate.
Eisenhower had requested $87,-
900,000 to operate the program
during the fiscal year ending next
June 30. Former President Tru-
man wanted $114,515,800.
--Daily-Chuck Ritz
MAKING PLANS-Mrs. Harlan Hatcher, Dawn Waldron, '56,
singer and orchestra leader Paul McDonough, '55L, discuss enter-
tainment arrangements for the student tea which President and
Mrs. Hatcher are giving from 8 to 10 p.m. today. The tea will
be held at the League because repairs are now in progress at the
Hatcher home.
WEDGE OR SPLICE?_
Res Expected UTo Offer
Peace Treaty to Japan
TOKYO-(P)---Top diplomatic sources here expect the Soviet
Union to expand its peace offensive to the Far East and offer a peace
treaty to Japan soon.
The Soviets probably do not expect to lure economically-weak
Japan to their side, but they hope to drive a wedge between this na-
tion and the United States.
SOVIET RUSSIA attended the San Francisco conference in 1951
that wrote the peace treaty since ratified by most of the free world
nations. But the Red delegates blustered about the terms and refused
to sign.0
Recently, as it has in other parts of the world, the Soviet
attitude toward Japan has switched dramatically.-
In recent months, the Soviet Union has:
1. Opened a strenuous drive to increase trade between the two
nations.
2. Slashed prices on such vital Japanese imports as coal to the
point where Russia is probably breaking even at best.
3. Given the slumping Japan shipbuilding industry a shot in
the arm by placing a large order for repair of Russian ships, and
hinted bigger and better orders are in the works.
4. Softened its once harsh attitude toward Japanese fishing ships
that stray into Soviet territory.
IN JAPAN, teetering on the brink of economic collapse, these
overtures are greeted enthusiastically in many quarters.
Few Japanese businessmen make a secret of their belief. Japan
must resume its large pre-war trade with Communist China and the
Soviet Union to survive the postwar economic crisis.
'Allied Planes
Lead Fight
AgainstReds
Clark Says Reds
Violate Secrecy
By The Associated Press
The South Korean Army swung
into a broad counterattack yester-
day against the new Chinese line
south of Kumsong on the East-
Central front, as Allied warplanes
led the way under a sunny sky.
Meanwhile, UN Commander
Gen. Mark Clark arrived in Ko-
rea yesterday from his Tokyo
headquarters as truce talks neared
a crisis at Panmunjom and im-
mediately accused the Commu-
nists of violating secrecy of the
armistice negotiations.
CLARK told newsmen who met
him at an airport that the Com-
munist radio report yesterday of
an American "walkout" from the
talks had "violated the executive
nature of the truce session."
UN Command and Communist
truce negotiators met less than
a half hour yesterday and re-
cessed until tomorrow at 2 p.m.
On the war front, tanks roared
along the highways beside the
columns of ROK troops heading
north. Allied heavy artillery
pounded roads ahead of the troops.
SOUTH KOREAN Gen. Sun Yup
Paik reported the infantrymen
were "making good progress." "I
feel now that the battle has set
tied down to the pof0. where we
can go ahead and attack and
drive the Chinese back," he add-
ed.
The ROKs were hitting north-
west of the Pukhan River where
the Chinese made their great-
est gains Sunday night and
Monday morning in the onset
of the Reds' greatest offensive in
two years.
The Red gains came along a 20-
mile wide front between Kumha
and the Pukhan River on the
Kumsong Bulge of the East-Cen-
tral Front. The Red smash had
knocked the South Korean back
several miles, just how many was
withheld by censorship.
GEN. CLARK arrived in Seoul
as the ROK counterattack got un-
der way.
Clark told newsmen, "The
front situation appears to be in
hand from reports I have re-
ceived." But he added he would
go to the front to see for him.
self..
Squadrons of thundering Allied
jet fighter-bombers flew against
the Reds trying feverishly to dig
in on their newly won positions
on the Kumsong Bulge.
THE SCREAM of the jets was
a welcome sound to South Korean
infantrymen who battled the at-
tacking Reds three days without
air support in rainy weather.
The Reds' 24-hour offensive
rocked the South Koreans back
on the East-Central Front Sun-
day and Monday.'
The Allied officers expressed
confidence they could hold off any
new Red assaults In the sector,
particularly with Allied air power
back in action.
THE UN Command delegates
went into yesterday's truce talks
for a possible showdown with the
Reds, who reportedly have been
told that the armistice agreement
mustdbe signed now, or the talks
called off.
The UN delegation apparently
was responsible for a 15-minute
delay in the start of the talk, to
give it time to receive a message
delivered by helicopter.
Reds End Boycott;
Pledge UN Million
UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-(P)
-Soviet Russia pledged its first
contribution yesterday to the Unit-
ed Natins Technical Assistoaj'
* * *
__ -
Colleges Build To Meet Enrollment Boom
AT MIAMI UNIVERSITY-GALLERY FACADE OF ORCHARD STONE VENEER
,,jgjo"4 j.
.. ; .. .