PAGE TIWO
T HE MICHIGAN DAILY
SATURDAY, AUGUST E, 1943
mos"t
More Opera
MATTER OF FACT:
Sir Winston
"Think That Does It?"
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
)
I
NOW THAT the School of Music and
Speech Department are enjoying an-
other highly successful run with this week's
fine production of Offenbach's "Tales of
Hoffmann," it is fitting to discuss what local
operatic productions have done for the cam-
pus, and what could be done to enliven the
future.
Both Josef Blatt and Valentine Windt, re-
spectively our very capable music and stage
directors, have sought to present operas in a
way that would be appealing to an Ameri-
can audience, in other words to remove the
ancient barriers that kept Americans away
from opera houses.
These barriers are generally three in
number: Language, Staging, Musical En-
semble. Why should Americans be sub-
jected to opera in a language they can-
not understand? Why should they have
to watch grotesque prima donnas whose
unmotivated meanderings are placed
against flimsy, undecorous sets? Why
should good voices be accompanied by or-
chestras who can't play and choruses who
can't sing?
Obviously Americans should not be faced
with these barriers. And today they are not.
The trend of the past few years has brought
new life to opera, and now that we are hav-
ing decent productions, opera is turning out
to be a very marketable commodity. The
public not only wants it but buys it.
The music school-speech department pro-
ductions have proven this point as much as
anything by the Metropolitan, only on a
smaller scale. Those in charge of our pro-
ductions have done an extremely commend-
able job. But now it is time to ask further
questions. r
Should operatic productions stick to the
popular standard repertory?. Should it
succumb to the same disease that has
paralyzed the concert hall so destructively,
namely that the public has been so con-
CIIN
Architecture Auditorium
THE MALTESE FALCON with Humphrey
Bogart, Sidney Gre'enstreet, Peter Lorre
and Mary Astor
"THE MALTESE FALCON" is a great
movie. Its mystery centers around char-
acter, not plot. It has a great deal of plot
and just that much more character. The
detective-hero, Sam Spade, is a hero. Unlike
many of his popular colleagues, he is neither
sadistic nor uncourageous, and he steers
clear of psychological jargon. Sam has both
emotion and intellect and thus, he begins to
resemble our idea of the complete man, for
he thinks and feels-simultaneously.
A complete man by definition, and by
consequence of his fusion of emotion and
intellect, adheres to moral values, and in this
society, recreates them. But morality now,
and in the society this movie presents, is
chaotic. As a result, Sam's morality cannot
be communicated. It goes unseen. Thus, the
most important thing about Sam Is Invisible.
He is an invisible whole man. Or, to reverse
the viewpoint, his moral actions take place
in something like a vacuum-the Medieval
world of order and degree which was over-
thrown by the Rennissance. Sam's nobility is
buried in history. Under the circumstances,
he becomes a superman. The most percep-
tive of all the other criminals, metaphysi-
cally dubbed "the fat man," can explain
Sam only as a "card," can see his actions
only as unpredictable. Sam's motives are
not fat: to repeat, in this society they are
4nvisible.
Only. the criminals in this movie can
offer him companionship and challenge.
In their quest for th-e Maltese falcon, all
but Sam adhere to a code of brutal prag-
matism, and Sam, since he is invisible,
also appears to. Yet, the criminals possess
a fusion of emotion and intelligence. If
1t were of the same high quality as Sam's,
they also would be supermen. They can-
not participate within a society which has
experienced the Renaissance and whose
moral chaos since Industrialism is jet-
propelled. This society's members, exem-
plified by police and by $10,000 beneficiary
widows, are all variations on a machine.
They neither think nor feel; police swing
at jaws and widows flirt.
In such a society, no one but the police
themselves are so anxious for a scapegoat
that they would atcuse Sam if it were not
for the obstructions of legal proceedure. And
legality aside, their accusation could be
justified. Sam is more of a threat to their
system than the criminals. Sam cares who
done it-to the visible extent that he knows
he won't be pinched if he can produce a
murderer. He cares who done it to the in-
visible extent, morally, as one who has a
nostalgic compulsion for order in an order-
less society. The police are not interested in
order, but the facade of order-conventions,
expediency, and just plain private bourgeoise
"getting-on." Sam the superman is a threat.
He is, in fact, the revolutionary who is come
full swing, approximately 900 years too late.
Thus, we see his humanity only in his rela-
tionship with his secretary, which is essen-
tially a feudal relationship.
ditioned by powerful entrepreneurs that
it can only accept the standard and com-
mercial, thus killing freshness and vitality
in art?
Or should this new audience, just being
initiated into the delights of opera, be given
the entire operatic literature, to see the old
masterpieces as well as new ones hot off the
fire? Here we must give a positive, emphatic,
yes. The public must have the opportunity
of hearing Gluck along with Gounod, Mon-
teverdi with Puccini, Purcell with Offenbach,
Stravinsky with Bizet, Hindemith with Wag-
ner.
A University theater should insure artistic
equality by presenting the operas of the
16th, 17th, 18th, and 20th centuries as well
as the 19th century. Presenting only Car-
men is as contemptible as an art gallery
exhibiting only Whistler,
By enlarging their repertory to include
operas from all periods, which hereto-
fore has not been done in Ann Arbor, the
School of Music and Speech Department
could do the community a service many
times greater than the Met, who probably
would not have taken a chance on Mozart
if his name had not been sculptored on
the opera house's ceiling in full view of the
diamond-studded boxes.
Any art form must be continually created
or else die, and likewise once a work has
been created it must not be left to die.
Creation of art is the only real proof that
the world is conscious of it, for only man's
desire to create produces our interest in it
in the first place.
Opera cannot become stagnant by lying
dormant in one period.
Let's have some contemporary and renais-
sance operas to prove that Lydia Mendels-
sohn is not prejudiced and narrow-minded.
The magnificant work already done for opera
in Ann Arbor should be continued con-
structively.
-Donald Harris
human of them, the gunman (who deserves
to be known only by the machine with which
he functions), though again the criminals'
choice is not based on imoral values, degree
of humanity, but pragmatism on its shal-
lowest survival level. Sam himself has singled
out the gunman, giving the criminals little
or no choice. At this moment, the camera
switches to the gunman's point of view. For
the camera to do this was human and compli-
cated and moral. Perhaps it is by such
methods that we perceive Sam's invisible
morality.
The gunman would have satisfied the
police. Yet, in the end Sam turns them all
in, although he has no respect for the po-
lice and their facades of order. He admires
the criminals, for their spirit and intellect.
He actually loves one of them. But Sam
does not give up his lover in the interests
of the Hollywood censor.
He gives her and the other criminals
to the police- because he cannot live with
them. He can neither trust them nor control
them. He can at least predict the machina-
tions of society. In this society, Sam is forced
to sacrifice his love and loyalty to Pragma-
tism.
In the form of a detective story, Dashiel
Hammett has managed to relate the fall of
the complete man. He has managed this
through symbols. The central one, the Mal-
tese falcon, is a symbol for moral order. The
Knight Templars made it for the Emperor
Charles in order to show him their respect
and loyalty. Charles never received it, how-
ever, because the Renaissance, in the form
of the Tudor buccaneers, reached it first.
All the characters who possess both emotion
and intellect know enough to look for it.
With the falcon, Sam would not have needed
to sacrif ice love and loyalty.
His morality, essentially feudal, is based
on a reciprocal code of respect and loyal-
ty. But Sam's only vassal is his secretary,
and his quest to extend the order of his
office to larger relationships is, as he
said, "the stuff that dreams are made of."
Sam wanted a share in the falcon, but
dreams are no longer real and the falcon,
like reality in America, is hard, heavy and
enamel. Sam gives up his emotion and be-
comes the split man. As his sole survival
demonstrates, he becomes the most com-
petent practitioner of the brutal .pragma-
tism.
The suspense of "The Maltese Falcon" is
involved in the revelation of these charact-
ers, not in the unraveling of the plot. This
review does not "give the movie away." The
suspense is there and it is exciting. The act-
ing is superb, and the music is more than
background. It functions as a Greek chorus,
commenting on the tragedy.
-Donald and Eleanor Hope
IF MY THEORY of relativity is proven suc-
cessful, Germany will claim me as a Ger-
man and France will declare that I am a cit-
izen of the world. Should my theory prove
untrue, France will say that I am a German
and Germany will declare that I am a Jew.
-Albert Einstein
WE ARE the hollow men
S
Illness
By STEWART ALSOP
LONDON-Those in the best positions to
judge do not believe that Sir Winston
Churchill will ever again be able to assume
the active, day-to-day leadership of his
country. There has been much speculation
about Churchill's illness, ranging from re-
ports that it was wholly "diplomatic," to cir-
cumstantial accounts of total paralysis. The
facts are these.
In the last week of June Churchill suffer-
ed a stroke, caused by a partially blocked
artery which resulted in an interference of
the blood supply to the brain. The stroke
was relatively mild; there was little loss of
movement and the marvellous Churchillian
intellect was left unimpaired. Even so, be-
cause of Churchill's age, the doctors took an
extremely serious view of what had hap-
pened, and believed, at best, that Churchill
would be a semi-invalid confined to a wheel
chair for a long time.
They were reckoning, however, with-
out Sir Winston Churchill. He immediately
demanded what all doctors hate to give--
a clear and simple explanation of what was
wrong. He then proceeded to prescribe for
himself an unconventional course of treat-
ment, designed to restore his circulation.
To the astonishment of the doctors, he
was able very soon to leave his wheel chair.
He now walks about, although for brief
periods and with some difficulty.
In short, he has made a near-miraculous
recovery. But the facts remain.
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WASHINGTON
MERRY-GO-ROUND
WITH DREW PEARSON
** *
*
CHURCHILL is nearing eighty. A man of
that age who has had one stroke is al-
ways in danger of another, especially when
subjected to physical and nervous strain.
The strain of the British premiership is sec-
ond only to that of the American presidency.
This is why those close to the situation doubt
whether Churchill, however magnificent his
courage and tough his constitution, can con-
tinue much longer as Prime Minister.
The decsion of course rests with Church-
ill-and he has apparently not confided his
intentions even to his intimates. He has
made clear his determination, however,
that Foreign Minister Anthony Eden
should be his successor. Despite much spec-
ulation that Chancellor of the Exchequer
R. A. Butler (whose star has been rising
steadily) may succeed Churchill, there is
not much doubt that Churchill will have
his way.
In England, suchrmatters are decidedly
by a small inner circle of leaders. In this
case, the inner circle consists of Churchill,
Lord Salisbury, Eden and Butler. All four-
notably including Butler himself-are agreed
on Eden as Churchill's successor. But the
situation is complicated by the fact Eden
too has been seriously ill, and is not yet fully
recovered.
Eden is expected to be entirely well by
September or early October. If Churchill
were to resign before this time, however,
Eden could hardly take over. This is why
there is a strong belief in knowledgeable
quarters that Churchill has already decided
to step out, and that he is merely "keeping
the seat warm for Anthony."
AGAINST THIS seat-warming theory
should be placed the undoubted fact that
Churchill has a profound desire to play a
decisive peace-making role, as the last great
act of a great life.
This desire may cause Churchill to stay
on as Prime Minister for some time long-
er, although he will certainly hand over
to Eden the day-to-day business of the
government,
Churchill's motivations for his famous
May 11th speech, calling for a four-power
meeting at the highest level, were, of course,
mixed. They were certainly in part politi-
cal; Churchill unquestionably had his eye
on an important by-election then impend-
ing. They were also in part personal;
Churchill was deeply angered by the So-
cialists' war-mongering charge in the last
elections. But his basic motivation rose above
the political or the personal.
According to those who have discussed his
proposal with him, Churchill reasons that
Stalin's death marked a great world change,
and that it would be folly rigidly to adhere
to past policy until an effort was made to
find out what this change might mean. He
reasons further that the West will strongly
resist making further sacrifices to organize
its defenses, unless it is first demonstrated
that an agreed settlement is not a possible
alternative. On this last point, at least, every
day that passes seems to confirm the old
man's prescience.
The notion that Churchill wants to ap-
pease the Russians enrages him almost as
much as the Socialists' war-mongering
charge. "Surely they do not think,"
Churchill remarked to a recent visitor,
"that I would sell the pass." At any rate,
however "irresponsible" Churchill's pro-
posal may have seemed in Washington, it
should be very well understood there that
his May 11 speech struck an extraordin-
arily responsive chord in England and
throughout Europe.
Partly for this reason, Churchill's politi-
WASHINGTON-The last public function Senator Taft attended was
the public-housing conference on May 12. With him at the
meeting was Sen. Tom Hennings of Missouri, Democrat. This was
two weeks before doctors told him on May 26 that he had cancer.
Taft looked all in.
"I shouldn't have come here," he told Hennings. "I seem to be
tired all the time. The doctor says I have some kind of anemia. I,
wouldn't have come at all except that I accepted the invitation a long,
time ago and I didn't want to let these people down. After all, public
housing is one of my babies."
But while Taft lay on his deathbed two months later, his Re-
publican colleagues, led by the man who succeeded him-Know-
land of California-did some weird hatchet-work on his housing
baby.
Seizing a moment when other slum-clearance senators were ab-
sent in New Hampshire attending the funeral of another great Re-
publican, Charles Tobey, the Senate passed by voice vote a bill
which drastically reduces the public-housing program Taft helped to
pioneer; also permits cities which have already started housing pro-
grams to back out of them; and finally gives a special bonanza to
Los Angeles.
The latter is the most amazing of all. For the bill contains a
special rider permitting Los Angeles to get reimbursed at the na-
tional taxpayers' expense for about $10,000,000 worth of architects'
fees, land, other housing plans which the real-estate lobby has
now tossed out.
In brief, the taxpayers of Boston and Pensacola, Seattle and
Louisville, plus all the other cities, will now pay for the discarded
housing plans of Los Angeles.
CITY OF THE ANGELES
THE "CITY OF THE ANGELS" had started to clear out Mexican
and Negro slums, prepared to build public-housing projects un-
der the Taft housing act. Then the real-estate lobby got busy. After
a terrific campaign in which all kinds of money was spent to defeat
Mayor Fletcher Bowron, Republican, the real-estate lobby elected
Congressman Norris Poulson, Republican, as new Mayor of the city of
the Angels.
Then Poulson came back to Washington, persuaded his two fel-
low Californians, Senator Knowland and Congressman John Phillips,
to tack a special rider on the independent office appropriation bill
giving Los Angeles a special bonanza which may run up to $10,000,000.
Los Angeles is the only city in the U.S.A. so favored by Sen-
ator Knowland and Congressman Phillips. But when other cities
hear of this, the line is bound to form on the right to stage simi-
lar raids on the alleged economy-minded congress.
Amazing fact is that Eisenhower's own housing chief, ex-congress-
man Albert Cole of Kansas, gave his OK to this special legislation
benefiting Los Angeles, as well as to the general drastic scaling down
of the Taft housing program.
NOTE-How devoted Taft was to the cause of public housing is
illustrated by a hitherto unpublished event in July of 1948. The Re-
publican Convention was meeting in Philadelphia. Taft was running
for the presidential nomination.- The convention was waiting for him
to get to Philadelphia. Nevertheless he delayed his departure until
he could go over to the House of Representatives, buttonhole GOP
leaders Martin and Halleck and tell them they must push public
housing.
, * * *
HUEY LONG'S BROTHER
THE FIRST SESSION of the greatest show on earth-the 83rd con-
gress-was wearily grinding to a close. Tempers-were frayed, con-
gressmen exhausted. Plane and Pullman reservations were waiting.
Concurrent senate resolution 41 was before the House of Repre-
sentatives. It suspended the deportation of 960 aliens from the U.S.A.
Some were married to Americans, some had husbands fighting in
Korea, all had been in the United States seven years, all had been
investigated by the FBI.
Republican leader Charlie Halleck of Indiana asked that it
be passed in a hurry. The bill had passed the Senate, been OK'd
by all appropriate committees. Halleck asked for unanimous
consent. But Overton Brooks of Louisiana objected - on the
ground that certain aliens who deserved no special treatment had
been indluded among those who did.
The debate which GOP leader Halleck sought to avoid was now
on.
Striding down the aisle came the brother of the late Huey Long.
A dentist by profession, Dr. George Long had seen one brother, Huey,
become a U.S. Senator, another brother, Earl, become governor, and
a nephew, Russell, become a Senator. Finally, at the age of 70, he
himself was elected to the House.
A big man with a shock of gray hair to match, the freshman con-
gressman from Louisiana strode up to the microphone in the speaker's
well. He wore a dazzling white suit, and his language dazzled the
House-stenographer with its sizzling, unintelligible eloquence.
Waving his arms, tossing his hair, he struck out against the
tactics of the Republican leadership. Those who knew his late
brother, the Kingfish, recognized the oratory. But no one, not
even the reporter, could quite tell what he was saying, except for
one point. He was against the bill.
As dentist Long turned to leave the microphone, a little man.
The Daily Official Bulletin I an1
efficial publication of the Universityi
of Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assumes no editorial responsi-
bility. Publication in it is construe-
tive notice to all members of the
University. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 510
Administration Building before f p.m.
the day preceeding publication (be-
fore 11 a.m. on Saturday).1
SATURDAY, AUGUST S, 1953 1
VOL. LXII, No. 35-S
Notices
. students having Library books:
1. Students having in their posses-
sion books borrowed from the General
Library or its branches are notified1
that such books are due Wednesday,1
August 12.1
2. Students having special need for
certain books between August 12 andE
August 14may retain such books for
that period by renewing them at the
Charging Desk.1
3. The names of al students who
have not cleared their records at the
Library by Friday. August 14 will be1
sent to the Cashier's Office and their
credits and grades will be withheld until
such time as said records are cleared
In compliance with the regulations of
the Regents.
Scholarship offer for study at the Free
University of Berlin, Germany during
the academic year 1953-54. Covers tu-
tion, room and DM 170 per marks, plus
round trip air transportation between
West Germany and Berlin. Open until
August 16. Application should be made
to the office of the Secretary of the De-,
partment of Political Science, Univer-
sity of Michigan. For study in any
field within the social sciences. Ade-
quate knowledge of German required.
Applicant must be unmarried and not
older than 26, either sex, must have
satisfactory academic record at college
level. Personal interview to be held,
with each applicant.
Recommendations for Departmental
Honors: Teaching departments wishing
to recommend tentative August gradu-
ates from the College of Literature, Si-
ence, and the Arts, and the School of
Education for departmental honors
should recommend such students in a
letter to be sent to the Registrar's Of-
fice, Room 1513 Administration Build-
ing before August 20.
The informal Spanish conversation
meetings which are held every Tuesday
and Thursday in the North Wing of;
the Michigan Union Cafeteria will now
take place at 3:00 p.m. instead of 2:00
p.m.
Attention August Graduates: CollegeE
of Literature, Science, and the Arts,
School of Education School of Music,I
School of Public Health:
Students are advised not to request7
grades of I or X in August. When such
grades are absolutely imperative, the
work must be made up in time to allow
your instructor to report the make-up1
grade no later than 11 a.m., August 20.1
Grades received after that time may de-
Xe tteto4
TO THE EDITOR
Bias Charged ..
To the Editor:
A NEIGHBOR, a middle-aged
lady, called at our house the
other day to ask if we had apart-
ments for rent. When I explained
that we did but that none was
vacant,' she came quickly to her
point. "You have rented to colored
people, haven't you?" she said, and
I admitted it with firm politeness.
She broke off quickly, saying she
would tell the Real Estate Board
about it, and they would put a stop
to what we'd done.
If the matter had rested there
it would have been properly dis-
missed as the aberrant reaction of
a somewhat troubled person, fund-
amentally harmless. But thses are
times when such careless sparks
catch fire. The next day we got
an "official" phone call. The wife
of a student received it, and re-
ported she was asked by her name-
less interlocutor, "what kind of
people live in your house?" More
recently, a young man, described
only as "short" and again name-
less, has appeared here represent-
ing himself as of some city build-
ing department. He said that there
is a building code violation in this
structure, though it has not been
altered in many years. It happen-
ed that the "violation" concerned
the very apartment occupied by
the colored couple. It also so hap-
pened that a colored girl, a Uni-
versity employe and the wife of a
student, came in while the "in-
spector" was conducting his inter-
view. He was immediately interest-
ed in another kind of information.
"Do you live here?" he demanded,
without formality.
Naturally, it is regrettable that
we and others in this predicament
must turn to publicity and must be
rescued piecemeal from the opera-
tion of forces that can easily
thwart academic careers. It would
seem to me that the temper of
these times calls for some realistic
action on the part of the Univer-
sity. As things now stand, sparks
strewn by such irresponsibles as
live in every block, can cause local
explosions. And careers will be the
casualties.
fer the student's graduation until a la-
ter date.
"Law School Admission Test: Candi-
dates taking the Law School Admission
Test on August 8, are requested to re-
port to Room 100, Hutchins Hall at
8:45 a.m., Saturday. The session will
'last until 1:00 p.m."
Personal Requests
Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co, Pias-
kon Division, Toledo, Ohio, has released
a listing of current technical and sales
openings. Men graduates with degrees
in Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering, or Forestry
are eligible to apply.,
The Kimberly-clark Corp. is looking
for a graduate to fill the position of
Male Personnel Understudy in Mem-
phis, Tenn. Graduates in the field of
Personnel, such as Industrial Relations,
Industrial Management, Personnel Man-
agement. Economics, Public Speaking,
Sociology, and Psychology, may apply.
For additional- information about
these and other openings, contact the
Bureau of Appointments, 3528 Admin-
istration Bldg., Ext. 371.
Lectures
MONDAY, AUGUST 10
Lecture. Institute for Mathematics
Teachers: "Mathematics in the Machine
Shop," R. A. Roggenbuck, Ford Motor
Co., 11:00 a.m., Room 130 Business Ad-
ministration Bldg.
Popular Arts in America. Appraisal of
the program "The Popular Arts in
America"- a panel. Morris anowt,
Assistant Professor of Psychology; Nor-
man E. Nelson, Professor of English; and
Robert P. Ziff, Instructor in Philosophy.
4:15 p.m., William L. Clements Library
Lecture, Institute for Mathematics
Teachers: "Make Mine Mathematics
Walter Carnahan of Purdue Univer-
sity, 7:30 p.m., East Conference Boom,
Rackham Bldg.
Linguistic Forum. "Language Strue-
ture and the Structure of Society." Alf
Sommerfelt, Professor of Linguistics,
University of Oslo. 7:30 p.m., Auditor-
ium C, Angel Hall.
Academic Notices
Doctoral Examination for William
Kerr, Electrical Engineering; thesis: "A
Beta-Ray Microscope," today, 2518 East
Engineering Bldg., at 9:00 a.m. Chair-
man, H. J. Gomberg.
Doctoral Examination for Harold Swan
Edmondson, Speech; thesis: "The Sea-
shore Measures of Musical Talents as
a Prognostic Guide in Language Rehab-
ilitation for Persons with Asphasla,"
Monday, August 10, 1007 East Huron
Street, at 2:00 p.m. Chairman, H. H.
Bloomer.
Doctoral Examination for Hugh Wiley
Hitchcock, Musicology; thesis: "The La-
tin Oratories of Marc-Antoine Charpen
tier," Monday, August 10, East Council
Room, Rackham Bldg., at 3:00 p.m.
Chairman, L. E. Cuyler.
Doctoral Examination for Louis Ben-
jamin Stadler, Pharmaceutical Chem-
istry; thesis: "An Assay Method "ir
Papain Using a Synthetic Substrate,"
Monday, August 10, 2525 Chemistry
Bldg., at 2:30 pm. Chairman, Lee Wor-
rell.
Doctoral Examination for Katherine
Lucy Washburn Wilcox, Psychology;
thesis: "Intellectual Functioning as'Re
lated to Electroconvulsive Therapy,
Tuesday, August 11, 7611 Haven Hall, at
8:00 a.m. Chairman, E. L. Kelly.
Doctoral Examination for John Bap-
tist Villella, Zoology; thesis "The Life
History of Brachylaima rhomboideum
(Sinitsin, 1931) (Trematoda; Brachyla-
matidae)", Tuesday, August 11, 2089
Natural Science Building, at 9:00 a.m.
Chairman, A. E. Woodhead.
Doctoral Examination for Ralph Le-
land Shively, Mathematics; thesis: "On
Pseudo Laguerre Polynomials," Tuesday,
August 11, 247 West Engineering Bldg.,
at 2:00 p.m. Chairman, E. D. Rainville.
Doctoral Examination for Charles Car-
penter Buck, Mathematics; thesis: "The
Algebraic Aspect of Integration in
Space," Tuesday, August 11, West Coun-
cil Room, Rackham Bldg., at 2:00 p.m.
Chairman, G. Y. Ranich.
Doctoral Examination fo Ray Mar-
tin Bertram, English Language and
Literature; thesis: "The Novel of Amer-
ica's Past: A Study of Five American
Historical Novelists, 1925-1950," Tues-
day, August 11, East Council Room,
Rackham Building, at 2:30 p.m. Chair-
man, J. L. Davis.
Doctoral Examination for William
Thornbury Going, English Language
and Literature; thesis: "Wilfrid Boa-
wen Blunt and tie Tradition of the
English Sonnet Sequence in the Nine-
teenth Century," Tuesday, August 11,
1611 Haven Hall, at 3:00 p.m. Chairman,
C. D. Thorpe.
(Continued on page 4)
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