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VOL. LXIII, No. 32-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 5, 1953
OOLER, CLEAURING E
FOUR PAGES;
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Begins
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Military
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Today's
UN Totall
Return Set at39
MajdorTells of Officers Sentenced
By Reds on Anti-Peace Charges
By The Associated Press
With swift military precision, the exchange of Korean War pris-
oners began yesterday and the first American freed immediately
related that the Communists only two days ago had sentenced some
high U. S: officers to special prison terms for "instigating against
peace."
Maj. John Daujat of Richmond, Calif., told his chilling story as
the first of 400 Allied prisoners on yesterday's exchange list were
RUSSIA
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* * *
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* * *
Dulles, Rhee
Conference.
Goes 'Well'
By The Associated Press
4 U.S. Secretary of State Dulle
opened his vital post-Korean ar
mistice conferences yesterday wit)
President Syngman Rhee and sai
afterward the meeting "went ver
well"o
"We had a good preliminar
talk and agreed on the topics t
be discussed," Dulles told corres
pondents after the one hour, 5
minute conference at Rhee's presi
dential mansion.
THE SECRETARY said he an4
Rhee agreed to discuss these point
during their four-day conference
1. The forthcoming Korean
political conference.
2. A United States-Korean
mutual security treaty.
3. American economic aid to
t.e, b p of Korea.
They will meet again at mid.
- night today.
U . * .
MEANWHILE, the State De
partment yesterday issued a state.
ment designed to show that there
is no split between Dulles and Pres
ident Eisenhower over use o
American Army resources for re
building war-battered Korea.
THE DEPARTMENT said a clar-
ifying announcement by the White
House Monday was released after
"full consultation with the State
Department."
Officials said there had been
some interpretation of the White
House announcement as a re-
pudiation by the President of
Dulles and that they wanted to
bring out the record to show that
this was not correct.
On Saturday Dulles told diplo-
mats representing 15 United Na-
tions with troops in Korea that
President Eisenhower had approv-
ed the use of America troops as
missionaries of rehabilitation to
rebuild the country into a show
window of the free world.
Police Crush
E. Berlin Red
Food Attack
BERLIN - (P) - Six thousand
Communist raiders were smashed
back with clubs and water guns
yesterday by police commandos
,rushed to defend American free
food stations in West Berlin.
More than 100 Red storm troop-
ers were carted off to jail, some
with bleeding heads, after 30-
minute street battles in the U. S.
and French sectors. Seventy-five
were identified as oldtime trouble-
makers and booked for further in-
vestigation. The others were re-
leased.
*~ * *
TWO POLICEMEN were injured
in the fighting, which flared at
midday after the Communists had
slipped "action brigades" by sub-
waj from the Soviet sector to West
Berlin
Small police details regularly
assigned to the food distribu-
tion centers were overwhelmed
by the Red rioters. With sirens
screaming, commando platoon
cars and truck-borne water xuns
" handed over by the Chinese and
North Korean Reds.
THE FIRST GROUP of 100
crossed the line into this neutral
zone promptly at 9 p.m. yesterday.
They included 35 sick and wound-
ed Americans.
The Communists informed Al-
lied officers that the second
day's return of war prisoners
will total 392.
S This total, eight less than the
promised daily 400, will include
1 70 Americans, 250 Koreans and
72 other Allied personnel.
* * *
DAUJAT, a prisoner 31 months,
said he knew nothing of Maj. Gen.
William F. Dean, highest-ranking
Allied ,officer held by the Reds.
He mentioned a lieutenant he said
had gotten a year's term on the
Reds' belated charges, but did not
give his name.
Dean, a prisoner for three
years, was not in the first day's
group.
A U. S. helicopter arrived at
Freedom Village yesterday bear-
ing the first American sick and
wounded to be returned in yes-
terday's opening of the prisoner
of war echange.
Three more helicopters followed,
all carrying litter patients. There
Sgt. Edward Hewlett of De-
troit was the only Michigan
solder among the released
POW's yesterday.
Knowland
Elected New
GOP Leader
WASHINGTON-W)-Republi-
can senators unanimously elected
Sen. William F. Knowland of Cali-
fornia as majority leader yesterday
at a session that was described as
completely harmonious.
Sen. Homer Ferguson of Michi-
gan was named to succeed Know-
land as chairman of the GOP Pol-
icy Committee. The vacancies in
the key legislative posts resulted
from the death last Friday of Ma-
jority Leader Robert A. Taft of
Ohio.
* * *
THE 45 YEAR old Knowland is
one of the youngest men named
to fill that post in recent years.
He had been acting majority lead-
er under appointment by Taft since
the Ohioan was forced to give up
active direction of the Senate leg-
islative program.
Yesterday's selections had been
anticipated, but the harmonious
action at a closed-door session
attended by 39 of the 46 Repub-
licans now serving followed a
minor intra-party dispute that
broke out in the open Monday.
Seven Republicans, led by Sen.
Bridges of New Hampshire, senior
party member in Senate service
and Sen. McCarthy of Wisconsin,
Monday had urged a delay until
January in election of a perman-
ent successor to Taft. Neither at-
tended the meeting.
TWO SENATORS, Capehart and
Jenner, who supported this de-
laying tactic without direct opposi-
tion to Knowland, attended yes-
terday's closed conference.
Jenner, as he pushed his way
through reporters after the
meeting, was asked if anyone
sought a delay.
"Everything was unanimous,"
he said. "It was just one big hap-
py family."
Taft's place on the policy com-
mittee was not filled nor were
choice committee assignments left
vacant by the death of Sen. Tobey
(R-NH).They probably will be de-
cided before the next session in
January.
were two patients on each helicop-
ter.
Within the next five weeks al-
most 87,000 men-12,763 Allied
and 74,000 Communists-will be
exchanged.
Of these only 3,313 are Ameri-
cans and there was no accounting
for some 8,300 others still listed
as missing in action.
" * *
THE EXCHANGE, known as
"Operation Big Switch," culmin-
ated more than 20 months of bit-
ter negotiations during a stale-
mated war that was halted ten
days ago.
The exchange point, freshly
bull-dozed, and its four small re-
ception tents was the first sight
of the free world for the returning
Allied prisoners.
, * * *
REPRESENTATIVES of each
nation, were on hand to welcome
the returning men and speak to
them in their native tongues.
Helicopter crews stood by to fly
the seriously sick and wounded
to the 121st Evacuation Hospital
near Seoul.
From Munsan the able-bodied
American prisoners will be taken
to Inchon, Seoul's port, where they
will board transports for the re-
turn to the United States. Non-
American prisoners will be sent to
Japan for processing before be-
ginning their journey home.
Figy Refuses
To Resign Job
BENTON HARBOR, Mich.-(AP)
-The Commission of Agriculture
at ,n executive session here Mon-
day asked Charles Figy to resign
as director of the Department of
Agricuture, it was learned yester-
day.
William A. Anderson of Benton
Harbor, a member of the commis-
sion, said last night Figy refused
the commission's request and that
he was given until Sept. 4 to pon-
der over it.
* * .*
HELICOPTER CRASHES-In Seattle Governors watch as a
helicopter, participating in a Naval show for the visiting execu-
tives, hits the water a short distance from the reviewing stand
after the pilot lost control. Both the pilot and the machinist
mate were rescued, uninjured, by another helicopter and crash
boat.
Ike Calls Commuists
n
InAsia'Ominous' Threalt
SEATTLE, Wash.--MP)-President Eisenhower declared yesterday
that the advance of communism in Southeast Asia and Iran has cre-
ated a "very ominous" threat to American security.
The President, speaking informally at the annual governors' con-
ference here, pointed toward a possible change in national policy
which might give Asia immediate-if not lasting-priority over Eu-
rope in the American defense system.
APPLAUDING THE decision of Congress to put 400 million dol-
O lars of foreign aid into the defense
of Indochina, the President told
]Veiv iethod the nation's governors forcefully
that this is no "give-away" pro-
PRINCE GEORGE COURT- gram.
HOUSE, Va. - (P) - A Virgin- "We are voting for the cheap-
ia judge yesterday rejected est way that can prevent the
what was probably an unprece- occurence of something that
dented excuse for speeding. would be of a most terrible sig
. "I was just trying to fright- nificance to the United States
en my mother-in-law," Johnny of America," he said.
M. Marshall, 26 years old of
Baton Rouge, La., told the ar- He spelled this out as the pos-
resting officer when he was sible loss of all Southeast Asia, in-
nabbed on U.S. 460 near here. cluding India and Pakistan, to the
Communists and the denial to the
free world of the tin, tungsten
and other products it needs.
* * *
"IF INDOCHINA goes, several
o Talk Today tgs happen right away, he
"The peninsula, the last little
ater and its various phases, Ken- bit of land hanging on down
there, would be scarcely defen-
n Pictures: the Art and the Audi- sible. The tin and tungsten that
um A, Angell Hall. we so greatly value from that
ater arts department of the Uni- area would cease coming and all
, MacGowan also writes books on India would be outflanked."
)pment. He said that if Indochina were
and Paramount studios, he came lost to the Reds, "Burma would
dway. Previously he had been be in no position for defense."
Reds Reject
LONDON - () - Moscow
radio said yesterday the So-
viet Union has rejected as
"completely groundless" a U.S.
protest against the shooting
down of an American bomber
off Siberia July 29.
The U.S. protest had followed
an earlier Russian charge that
the American plane had flown
over Soviet territory and open-
ed fire on Russian MIG fighters.
The United States denied this
charge and counter-charged
that the MIGs had attacked
the bomber 40 miles out over
the Sea of Japan.
Hint Moody
Will Publish
Newspaper
DETROIT-(/A)-Former Sena-
tor Blair Moody, ex-Detroit news-
paperman and Washington politi-
cal writer, announced yesterday
that a syndicate headed by him-
self has signed a contract to lease
a Detroit printing firm.
Moody, making the announce-
ment in Washington, refused to
comment on reports here thergroup
might use the firm to publish a
daily newspaper.
* * *
THE FIRM in mind is the Mich-
igan Rotary Printing Co., one of
the largest rotary printing estab-
lishments in the middle west.
The ex-Michigan senator, who
was defeated for election last
November by Republican Sen.
Charles E. Potter, said a 15-year
lease was obtained by the syndi-
cate, which includes many prom-
inent Detroit and New York bus-
inessmen.
Moody said organization of the
syndicate was directed by himself
and Roger L. Stevens of Ann Ar-
bor and New York, principal own-
er of the Empire State Building,;
and engaged in shopping center
developments in Boston and Se-
attle.'
* * *
MOODY SAID the syndicate had
obtained an option to buy the
plant in five years.
One of the firm's biggest con-
tracts is publication of the De-
troit Shopping News, a weekly
advertising paper. Detroit has
three daily newspapers in a
2,500,000 population area.
A longtime newspaperman,
Moody was appointed to the Sen-
ate in 1951 by Gov. Williams to re-
place the late Sen. Arthur H. Van-
denberg. Moody, 51 years old, is a
Democrat.
Inclusion of Red.
China 'Essential
Agenda To Include German Unity,
Decrease in 'International Tension'
MOSCOW - P) - The Soviet Union accepted the West's invita-
tion yesterday to a Big Four foreign minister's conference, but said
Red China's participation was "essential" for easing of world ten-
sion.
In notes delivered yesterday to the ambassadors or Britain,
France and the United States, the
Kremlin proposed a two-point
agenda for the conference:
1. Discussion of "measures to
decrease international tension.
2. Discussion of the German
problem "including re-establish-
ment of the unity of Germany and
the conclusion of a peace treaty."
THE THREE Western Powers
proposed on July 15 that the Big
Four hold a conference toward the
end of September on setting up
free German elections leading to
reunification of that country and
on signing an Austrian independ-
ence treaty.
Yesterday's Soviet note said
the Soviet Union felt the con-
ference would have a better
chance of success if the Austrian
treaty were postponed until aft-
er the German problem had been
dealt with.
The Western Powers suggested
in their invitations that the con-
ference concentrate on free elec-
tions to produce a unifled-Germany
and an independence treaty for
Austria.
They said that a German
peace treaty would be possible
only with a free and representa-
tive German government chosen
by free elections.
The Soviet reply was made pub-
lic a few hours before a scheduled
meeting of the Supreme Soviet-
parliament of the Soviet Union.
Mayock Says
Ille gal Funds
Used in 1948
WASHINGTON-()-A Wash-
ington attorney who used to work
for the Democrati National Com-
mittee testified yesterday he en-,
gineered an illegal $30,000 contri-
bution for the 1948 Democratic
campaign.
Welburn Mayock, who called
himself "a furtive little lawyer,"j
told a House Ways and Means sub-
committee about the money and
said he is willing to suffer the con-
sequences.
REP. BYRNES (R-Wis.), asked
the greying, outspoken witness:
"There was no question in your
mind that it was a violation of
the Hatch Act?"
"There is no question in my
mind about that," Mayock re-
plied.
The subcommittee is investigat-
ing the handling of tax cases. The
$30,000 involved was part of a
$65,000 fee Mayock said he obtain-
ed in 1948 from William S. Lasdon,
head of a Yonkers, N. Y. chemical
company, as- a result of getting
favorable taxruling from the1
Treasury Department.
Flemming May'
Succeed Taft
MIDDLETOWN, Ohio - (') -
The Middletown Journal said yes-r
tetday it has learned the appoint-s
Congress'
Attainments
Appraised
By GAYLE GREENE
University political scientists
commenting on the achievements
of the congressional session just
convened all drew attention to Ei-
senhoweras a "non-forceful" exec-
utive but disagreed in assessing
Congress' accomplishments.
Prof. Frank Grace of the polit-
ical science department cited an
"absolute minimum of cooperation
between Ike and his lawmakers."
And Prof. Philip B. Taylorof the
political science department un-
derlined his colleague's statement.
* * *
"THERE IS always a struggle
between Congress and the Presi-
dent for predominance. Eisenhow-
er entered with a different atti-
tude, however. He wasn't going to
force executive dominance on
them," he pointed out.
The result of Ike's attitude
according to Prof. Taylor is
"Congress has failed to work
with him on every major issue.
Rather than exert strong lead-
ership Eisenhower has waited for
Congress to give him an opening,"
Prof. Grace noted. "Working
against Ike is a fundamental split
in Congress, more fundamental
than the Democratic split," Prof.
Grace said.
* * *
PROF. GRACE cited the Presi-
dent's stand on the excess profits
tax as the one exception to Ei-
senhower's complete lack of strong
executive pressure on the legisla-
ture. "He has defended the exec-
utive branch, however," the profes-
sor added, calling attention to.
Ike's defense of Central Intelli-
gence head Allen Dulles.
A change in Eisenhower's tac-
tics -is essential according to
Prof. Taylor who feels "strong-
er and stronger executive lead-
ership is needed." "It's up to Ei-
senhower to save Congress from
themselves," the professor add-
ed. Congressional plans change
from week to week in response
to the demands of pressure
groups, he explained. "I don't
believe the public expected this
lack of leadership," he said.
According to Prof. Henry L.
Bretton, of the political science
department, Eisenhower is capable
of utilizing his power to full ex-
tent if the need arises but "he will
hesitate to forcethe issue because
of his deep respect for Congress."
THE NEED for such leadership ac-
cording to Prof. Taylor is shown
by Congress' refusal to go along
with the President on his foreign
aid recommendations, their be-
grudging acceptance of Bohlen's
nomination as ambassador to Rus-
sia and their equally begrudging
POPULAR ARTS:
MacGowan]T
Long-time associate of the the
neth MacGowan will discuss "Motio
ence" at 4:15 p.m. today in Auditori
Currently chairman of the the
versity of California at Los Angeles
the motion pictures and their develo
Formerly a producer for RKO
to Hollywood straight from Broa
drama critic for newspapers and t
magazines, including a stint as
an editor for "Theater Arts."
MacGowan has worked with Eu-
gene O'Neill and Robert Edmond
'TALES OF HOFFMANN-
Of fenbach Opera Opens Tomorrow
"Tales of Hoffman," Jacques
Offenbach's opera of fantasy will
be the final presentation of the
University's Summer Playbill.
A joint undertaking of the
School of Music and the speech
department, the production, which
will open at 8 p.m. tomorrow in :
the Lydia Mendelssohn Theater.
has been translated into English .o
by Josef Blatt of the music school. ='
* * * *
THE STORY concerns a student,!
Hoffman, who tells his fellow stu-
dents about three weird and imag-
I THE ~COMMISSION wuill bhavp it.-
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