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VOL. LIV No. 14-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN SATURDAY, JULY 22, 1944
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Truman Ousts
Wallace, Gets Nomination
* Rpr
Reports
Indicate
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
Full-Scale
Rebellion Rocking Germany
_
Blood Bath Initiated To
Quell Military Uprising
FRANCE
Seime Boy
By the Associated Press
LONDON, Saturday, July 22-A
self-styled rebel German officer in-
sisted today that a full-scale revolt1
against Adolf Hitler's regime wast
continuing, while a welter of re-
ports said the vengeful Gestapo hadt
slaughtered some of the most illu-
seious figures in the army, and theI
Nazis themselves admitted the broad
scope of the conspiracy even as they
claimed to be firmly in control.
The dead in a blood purge by
which the shaken Nazi chiefs soughtE
to, retain power included Field Mar-t
shals Walter Von Brauchitsch, Karl
Gerd Von Rundstedt, Sigmund Wil-t
helm List and Fritz Erich Von Mann-t
stein, according to reports via Switz-
erland from unconfirmed but usually
reliable sources.
Executions Reported
Travelers reaching Sweden also
said there were many well-known
names among at least 100 generalsl
executed after the unsuccessful at-1
tempt to assassinate Hitler Thurs-
day.
Early this morning, after the Ger-
man home radio had shut down, a
mysterious speaker on the Frankfurtt
station's wavelength called for at-
tention and announced that "by or-
der of the commander of the army
group of resistance" he was empow-
ered to state that although Col.
Count Claus Van Stauffenberg, the1
mhan who planted the bomb that al-;
most killed Hitler, had paid with his
life, this was only "the first blow,"
and declared:E
Initial Action Failedf
"Let Hitler know this much for
certain-there is more than one
Stauffenberg."]
'He admitted the "initial action at-
tempt against Hitler's life has fail-
ed," but insisted, "the general action]
APPROACHING DOOM:
continues. We German officers are
waging a battle against Hitler and
his clique relentlessly and unhesi-
tatingly and shall fight until this
criminal regime has been finally ex-
terminated.
"It is not true that the revolt and
resistance movement has collapsed."
Failure of the plot in its initial
stages appeared evident, from the re-
peated Nazi broadcasts throughout
Friday and Friday night, and from
Swiss reports that Nazy newspap-
ers still were arriving aboard trains
that were on normal schedule. Oth-
er quarters, however, confirmed that
there still was at least some life in
the uprising.
* * *
High Nazi Generals
Reported Exeeuted
BERN, Switzerland, July 21.-VP)-
Reports that the bloody Nazi purge
has claimed the lives of many of
Germany's most famous generals, in-
cluding Field Marshals Walther von
Brauchitsch and Karl Gerd von
Rundstedt, spread tonight from us-
ually reliable sources although they
lacked official confirmation.
Reports reaching here also men-
tioned Field Marshal Sigmund Wil-
helm List, last reported as comman-
der in southeast Europe, and Field
Marshal Fritz Erich von Mannstein,
recently removed from his command
on the Russian front, among the
prominent officers who had been
executed.
Information available here indi-
cated that the Nazi terrorist action
following the reported attempt to
assassinate Hit1ler was at least mo-
mentarily successful, although the
full story of the revolt among the
army leaders was hidden behind
rigid communications barriers.
* * *
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ALLIED ADVANCES in Normandy,
indicated by the arrows, reached
five miles south of Caen under the
leadership of Gen. Sir Bernard L.
Montgomery. St. Martin De Fon-
tenay represents the farthest gain
of Canadian troops fighting south
of Caen. Most significant haul yes-
terdaiy was the capture of St.
Andre-Sur-Orne beyond the Orne
River.
* * *
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Pollock Predicts Nazi Collapse,
But Warns of Overoptimism
Professor James K. Pollock, noted
observer of German affairs, cautioned,
against over-optimism in Allied coun-
tries because of the current German
situation, but predicted eventual col-
lapse of the Nazi regime yesterday
in an interview.
"Although this is obviously a break
in the German situation," he de-;
clared, "there is no evidence to date,
on the basis of which anybody could
get too enthusiastic."
"I expect, in the short run, renewed
tenacity on the part of German
fighting men," he stated, "but it is
more important that this apparent
revolt spells doom for Hitler faster
than we have thought."
Plot Made Public
"The most remarkable thing about
the whole situation," he emphasized,
"is the fact that Hitler himself went
to great pains to make the plot pub-
lic."
Dr. Pollock, professor of political
science, is a recognized authority on
the international scene, served as an
election official during the Saar ple-
biscite and traveled extensively in
Germany until 1934.
"Hitler and his Nazi lieutenants
will turn this revolt into a morale
factor to make it clear to the German
people that the Nazi party is still
invincible. We must remember that
City May Reach
E Bond Quota
"There is a fair probability that
Ann Arbor will reach its E bond
quota before Tuesday," Warren
Cook, county bond chairman, said
yesterday although the city is still
$173,938 short of the $1,300,000 goal.
He explained that many reports
from payroll deductions had not come
in when latest tabulations were made
Thursday.
Ann Arbor has exceeded its quota
in individual bonds not of the E ser-
a n ." aln in cnororation sales. The
the Nazis let us hear only what they
wish," he added.
Strategy Evidenced
Pollock pointed to this move with
all its publicity as being another step
in the German strategy of dividing
Allied sentiment and warned against
"grasping this development as being
a sure sign of immediate German
collapse."
"It -"is not strange that this Army
revolt is centered on the Eastern
front where Germany has suffered
her worst defeats of the war. The
number of top flight generals re-
ported to have surrendered to the
Russians is an indication of dissatis-
faction in high Army circles.
"This seems to be dissatisfaction
over the way Hitler hasreplaced
many of his Army leaders and the
manner in which he has made the
war his personal concern," he said.
Hitler Went Too Far
Pollock likened the present flare
of opposition to the blood purge of
1934 which he observed in Germany
and said "this time Hitler seems to
have gone too far with the Army,
riding roughshod over high ranking
officers."
"If German reports are true that
Hitler is executing scores of Army
officers, that is all right with me.
That means there will be less for us
to kill," he declared.
He discounted circulating opinion
that this is. an attempt to overthrow
the government by the Army and
arrange a negotiated peace, called
these opinions "wishful thinking,"
and predicted fighting of a more
bitter nature ahead.
Center Will Have
Summer Reception
The Sixth Annual Summer Re-,
ception for Foreign Students in hon-
or of the 350 foreign students who
are studying here will be held from
8 to 10:30 p. m. today at the Interna-
Allied Infantry
Cements Line
Below Caen
British, Canadians
Crush Counterattack
SHEAF, Saturday, July 22-(AP)-
British and Canadian infantry ce-
mented positions below Caen to a
depth of five miles yesterday and
smashed back a heavy counterattack
as the Germans struck through rain
and mud that mired the main Allied
drive toward Paris.
The enemy counterattack develop-
ed near St. Martin De Fontenay,' five
miles south of Caen, which was cap-
tured in a blinding rainstorm by
Canadians.
Nearby St. Andre-Sur-Orne was
captured by the Allies in the day's
most significant gain. The Germans
also were forced into slow retreat
on the west of Caen as the Allies
fought for elbow room.
Montgomery Captures Monts
Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery's
forces captured the village of Monts,
only three and a half miles northeast
of the highway center of Villers-
bocage, but the Germans still held
out in Noyers, two miles east of
Monts.
First reports said the British had
captured Noyers, but supreme head-
quarters later made an official cor-
rection. SHAEF also said there was
no fighting inside this sector's ene-
my stronghold of Evrecy, as re-
ported previously, but the British
held the railway station just north
of the town.
Rommel Checks Drive
Armor clashed with armor in the
battle for the Dives River strong-
point of Troarn, eight miles east of
Caen, and tiger tanks drove the
British back to the railway station
just west of the town. However Brit-
ish outfianking columns were both
north and south of Troarn.
Despite the breach in his lines, it
appeared Field Marshal Erwin Rom-
mel had checked the drive southeast
toward Vimont, eight miles from
Caen, with a concentrated screen of
anti-tank guns.
British and Canadians had cleared
both banks of the Orne River for a
distance of five miles south of Caen
except for a few stragglers.
Koiso To Suggest
New Ja Cabinet
Gen. Kuniaki Koiso, long an advo-
cate of Jananese expansion, is ex-
Reds Cross
Bug River
Russians Advance
On 37 Mile Front
By the Associated Press
LONDON, July 21-Russian troops
smashed across the B g River in
force on a front more than 37 miles
wide today and advanced nine milest
through staggering German opposi-
tion aided by a mass of tanks of every
description deployed on the rolling1
Lublin Plain for a drive on Warsaw.
The Bug was the last big water1
barrier before the Wisla (Vistula),
which flows through Warsaw, 130 to
160 miles above the points where the
Red Army engineers flung their mas-
sive pontoons across in a day's time.
Railroad, Highway Besieged
The broadcast Soviet midnight
communique, announcing the sudden
thrust over the Bug, said the railroad
and highway between besieged Brest
Litovsk and Chelm had been cut by
Marshal Konstantin K. Rokossovsky's
forces. Chelm, 65 miles south of
Brest Litovsk, was the first big ob-
jective on the route to Warsaw, and
Soviet troops already were less than
12 miles from it on the north and
east.
This was the most notable of a
long series of successes announced by
the Russians in a day of lugging ad-
vances.
Previously, Marshal Stalin in an
order of the day announced the fall
of Ostrov, 475 airline miles north of
the Bug crossings.
Some elements of Gen. Ivan Kon-
ev's Ukrainian Army already had
raced across the Diver north and
south of Sokal and were in possession
of Rawa Ruska. They were expected
to join Pokossovsky's forces farther
north for an advance on Lublin.
Fishermen, Farmers Volunteer
The major crossings of the Bug
were described by Moscow dispatches
as a spectacular undertaking, in
which fishermen and farmers from
many miles around volunteered to
help thousands of engineers connect
the pre-fabricated bridges.
Overhead, airplanes of every de-
scription kept the Germans from in-
terfering, while Soviet artillery hurl-
ed a thunderous fire into the enemy
and Soviet tanks, ranging from light
bruiser models to massive "KV's,"
rumbled out across the newly-built
bridges.
The Russian infantry, which had
slogged through the mud to reach the
eastern banks, dashed out dry-shod
across the big stream and slashed
into the Germans on the western
side almost without pause.
Daily Distribution
Special arrangements have been
made so that on rainy or windy
days students may pick up their
copies of The Daily just inside the
front door of the main library in-
stead of in the customary place
on the Diagonal.
Yanks Hold
Guam Gains
Nimitz Announces,
Added Landings
By the Associated Press
U. S. PACIFIC FLEET HEAD-
QUARTERS, PEARL HARBOR, July
21. - American forces have es-
tablished good beachheads on Guam
and additional troops are landing
against light initial Japanese resis-
tance, Adm. Chester W. Nimitz an-
-nounced tonight.
Nimitz reported in a communique
that the progress of fighting begun
yesterday morning for the first re-
conquest of an American naval base
lost 31 months and nine days ago.
Thanks to a terrific record-smash-
ing naval and aerial bombardment
of beaches and defense installations,
marines and soldiers were meeting
little opposition in effecting their
landings.
Jap Resistance Stiffens
However, Nimitz reported Ameri-
can troops advancing inland were
"meeting stiffened resistance in some
sectors."
This was to, be expected. The ex-
cellence and precision of the bom-
bardment was believed to have neu-
tralized many if not a majority of
the defenses.
But it is impossible to knock out
inland guns and mortars, many of
which are well concealed and have
to be hunted out singly and silenced.
Nimitz said preliminary estimates
indicate "our casualties are moder-
ate." This is in contrast to landings
made against the fiercest resistance
five weeks earlier at Saipan, where
American forces were unable to de-
liver such a concentrated, continuing
bombardment.
Some conception of the beach bom-
bardment of Guam can be gleaned
from Nimitz's report that 627 tons of
bombs and 147 rockets were expended
by carrier aircraft alone on the day
preceding the landings.
Record Aerial Tonnage Set
This is believed to be a record for a
one-day aerial tonnage preceding any
landings in the Pacific. In addition,
naval guns fired thousands of rounds
of big shells into beach positions.
This tonnage was not announced.
This terrible bombardment con-
tinued "up to the moment of land-
ings," then began searching out Jap-
anese artillery batteries as their loca-
tion became known.
It seems highly probable that the
ground troops already have landed
heavy artillery to join in the barrage.
HARRY S. TRUMAN
.. . the victor.
3,000 Planes
Climax. Attack
Over 'Germany
LONDON, July 21-(AP)--United
States air forces flung 3,000 war-
planes-paced by more than 1,600
heavy bombers-against high-prior-
ity targets in Germany today in a
thunderous climax to six days of the
greatest sustained assault in the his-
tory of aerial conflict.
Thirty-five British-based bombers
and eleven fighters were lost, prob-
ably to intense anti-aircraft fire, for
so potent was the American fighter
screen that the few enemy fighters
which braved it penetrated to only
one of the formations, the U. S. stra-
tegic air force communique announc-
ed.
Sixteen enemy planes were shot
down by the big task force from brit-
ain, ten of them by bomber gunners.
Official Tabulation .. .
CHICAGO STADIUM, July 21-
(AP)-The final official tabulation
of the second ballot for vice presi-
dential nominee at the Democratic
national convention:
Truman 1,100,
Wallace 66.
Douglas 4.
Absent 6.
Total 1,176.
Second Ballot Decides
Vice-Presidential Race
By The Associated Press
CHICAGO, July 21-Harry S. Truman, ten years ago a political un-
known, triumphantly captured the Democratic party's nomination for vice
president tonight,
The Missouri Senator thus replaced Henry A. Wallace as the running
mate for President Roosevelt's unprecedented fourth term bid. Wallace
had led on the first ballot but one after another, the state 'delegations
swarmed behind Truman on the second.
Grinning and waving, Truman, the lean, gray, 60-year-old chairman
of the senate war investigating committee, climbed to the speaker's plat-
form, as soon as he won his uphill
battle, to receive the convention's
noisy acclaim.
Labor Supported Wallace
Although Wallace's name spelled
political poison to many Dixie Dem-
ocrats, the former secretary of agri-
culture commanded powerful support
from some elements of labor, among
them the CIO Political Action Com-
mittee.
Its.chairman, Sidney Hillman,
promised the Roosevelt-Truman team
" .:''our complete and whole-hearted
.+:::::::.>.'.'support."
Tonight, for a second time in four
years, Democrats tossed a vice-presi-
dent onto the political scrap heap and
A GOOD LOSER:
Wallace Pledges Full Support
o Roosevelt-Truman Ieket
V
CHICAGO, July 21-(AP)-Vice
President Wallace said tonight "the
cause of liberalism has been further
advanced by developments at the
Democratic convention and announc-
ed that he would whole-heartedly
support the Roosevelt-Truman ticket.
That was his comment immediately
after he learned over the radio that
Senator Harry S. Truman had de-
feated him in their battle for the
TU' Fresh Air
Tag Day Nets
$941 for Fund
Boy campers yesterday collected
$941 in their summer Tag Day drive
when students and townspeople were
asked to contribute to maintenance
of the University's Fresh Air Camp
on Patterson Lake.
Top sum collected by one boy was
$27. About 93 boys, from nine to 13
years old were brought by truck from
the FreshAir Camp made their head-
quarters the First Methodist church
where they had lunch. After the
day's soliciting was over they were
treated to a movie.
The total amount collected in the
summer Tag Day was considerably
less than the $1,900 netted in the
spring drive which was carried on by
University students. One reason giv-
en is that the boys were not able to
solicit all day, but were allowed to
stay on the streets only about six
L _.. l.« «...rv. . ,-- +1
gency and during the peace."
Wallace, in shirt sleeves, met news-
papermen in his hotel room where
he had remained throughout the bal-
loting for vice-president. He smiled
and shook hands with a number of
visitors who had waited outside his
door.
"I am very happy about it--really
I am," the vice-president said.
When he was asked if he would
support the ticket actively this fall
he replied:
"Of course."
He told the reporters that his poli-
tical views were well summed up in
his speech to the convention yester-
day when he seconded' President
Roosevelt's nomination, and sug-
gested that they refer to it.
In Hotel During Ballot
Wallace remained in his hotel dur-
ing the tense developments at the
convention hall which ended in his
defeat,
He did not even listen to the radio
for a long time and, in mid-after-
noon, took a nap.
He got up about midway through
the first ballot, and sat down with
friends around a radio to listen to
the finale.
As for his fight for renomination,
Wallace said, "I did what I thought
was right, and I am very happy about
it."
Picked a newcomer to meet with,
Roosevelt a Republican challenge to
take over the national administra-
tion.
History Repeated
Four years ago, it was John Nance
Garner who was dropped at the in-
stigation of the chief executive. This
year, the president had said he would
vote personally for Wallace if he
were a convention delegate, but that
he likewise thought Truman-or Su-
preme Court Justice. William O.
Douglas-would add "real strength"
to the ticket that will oppose the
Republicans' Thomas E. Dewey and
John W. Bricker.
Democrats took the weak White
House endorsement Wallace as their
cue. National Chairman Robert E.
Hannegan, himself a Missourian, was
credited by convention delegates with
engineering the Truman victory.
Truman Addressed Convention
In his career-climaxing victory
tonight, Truman told the convention:
"You don't know how very much I
appreciate this very great honor
which has come to the great state
of Missouri."
"There is also connected with it a
great responsibility which I am per-
fectly willing to assume.
"I expect to continue the effort
which I have been making as Senator
to help shorten the war and win the
peace under our great leader Roose-
velt.
"I accept the honor with all the
humility that a citizen of the United
States can assume in this position."
Truman still did not have a clear
cut majority the first time through
the second roll call of states, but vic-
tory was just barely outside his grasp.
Some states already had shifted to
him and the Trhman drive was all
set to mow down a host of favor-
ite son candidates.
U.S. Infantry
Gains on Arno
ROME, July 21.-()-American
infantry and armor have hammered
out new gains along a 25-mile stretch
of the lower Arno River west of
Florence and have sent patrols across
the river against a hurricane of fire
from Nazi mortars, anti-tank guns
and automatic weapons, Allied head-
quarters announced today.
Returning patrol members said the
hills rising north of the Arno were
studded with pillboxes and protected
by extensive mine fields. The Nazis,
I-_ - ,A 1- _ n si-.ivl..-A ,.
HENRY A WALLACE
... the vanquished.