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VOL. LIV No. 22-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN THURSDAY, AUG. 3, 1944 PIEFV ET
PRICE FIVE CEN'.I"Si
Armored Troops Race Acro
Turkey Breaks Of Relations with Germany
Iss
Brittany
Bradley's
Force Is
Split Asked
By British,
Americans
Turks Still Hope
To Avoid War
TWIN OFFENSIVE:
White Russian Army
Nears East Prussia.
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Thursday, Aug. 3-The Third White Russian Army thrust
within eight miles of East Prussia's pre-1939 border yesterday in the
foremost of twin drives aimed at the heart of the Junkers homeland.
Other Soviet armies on the long thundering front tightened their
violent siege of Warsaw, pushed a quadruple annihilation drive against
possibly 300,000 Germans isolated in Estonia and Latvia, and launchedj
a new offensive in the south towards Krakow, Poland's second city.
The closest approach to East Prussia came with the capture of
Dydvizhe in a steady advance westward. The fall of this town, which is
eight miles southeast of the junction town of Schirwindt on the frontier,
By The Associated Press
ANKARA, TURKEY, Aug. 2 (11:00
p. m.)-Turkey broke her diplomatic
and economic relations with Ger-
many today at the request of Great
Britain, backed by American diplo-
macy, but she clung to the hope of
avoiding actual warfare.
(The Nazi reaction to the break
was quickly apparent in a Berlin
dispatch from the official German
news agency DNB which said the
action initiated a policy the "con-
sequences of which, if Turkey should
continue along this dangerous road,
are not very difficult to see. War
with Germany will of necessity fol-
low."
("The decision taken today can
only be called a new step along a
very dangerous phase of Turkish
policy," Berlin said.)
Turks Prepare /
Anti-aircraft guns moved through
the streets of Ankara today-directly
t past' the Assembly House-and
throughout the nation Turkey was
girding herself for war.
The Turks hope their action will
not bring war upon Turkey. 'At
least for the time being they do not
wish to go farther than the evacua-
tion of Germany's diplomatic and
consular and secret service from Tur-
key and the halting of all trade with
Germany
According to one report, Turkey's
break with Germany had been de-
cided upon before U. S. Ambassador
Laurence A. Steinhardt left Ankara
for Washington a month ago.
Allies To Help
Saracoglu also announced that the
Atlantic Allies had agreed to help
- Turkey face the "difficulties" which
might result from her break with
Germany-war with the Axis. He
revealed that the Allied ban on ship-
ments of war materials to Turkey,
effected after the failure of the Feb-
ruary military talks in Ankara, had
now been lifted.
Freshmen May
Petition for
Engine Council
Freshmen in the engineering school
will have an added opportunity to
petition for class positions on the
Engineering Council, President Chuck
Walton announced yesterday, with
the deadline extended to 4:30 p. m.
Monday.
Included on the petition must be
the signatures of 15 members of the
freshmen class as well as the per-
son's qualifications, activities and
grades in school, draft status and
plans for the Council if elected. Peti-
tions can be turned in to the office of
the dean of engineering.
Both civilians and students in the
Navy program are qualified to enter
the elections which will be held next
week, Walton said. The two repre-
sentatives elected will serve until
their graduation.
The duties of the class represent-
ative will be to assist in organizing
meetings of the engineering societies,
arranging social functions and to
serve on the Honor Council. Fur-
ther information about petitions can
be obtained from Walton.
Rally Features
Outdoor Sports
Outdoor sports will be featured at
the summer Rec Rally, which will
be held from 7:30 to 9 p. m. Satur-
day on Palmer Field, it was announc-
ed by Barbara Bathke, summer pres-
ident of the Women's Athletic Asso-
ciation.
Highlights of the Rally will be
mixed tennis, softball, badminton,
Churchill Says
V itory May
Come Soon
Prime Minister Claims .
News from France Good
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Aug. 2-Prime Minister
Churchill declared in a comprehen-
sive review of the war today that "I
fear greatly of raising false hopes,
but I no longer feel bound to deny
that victory may come perhaps soon.'
With caution tempering his opti-
mism, Churchill said that the latest
news from the Allied beachhead in
France "seems to be extremely good,"
that the Red Army was "tearing the
guts out of the German Army," and
that "the interval between the de-
feat of Hitler and the defeat of Ja-
pan will be shorter-perhaps much
shorter-than I had at one time sup-
posed."
The war, he said, "approaches per-
haps its closing stage."
Speaks Before Commons
Speaking for an hour and 40 min-
utes before a House of Commons
which laughed frequently at typical
Churchillian barbs dug into the en-
emy, the Prime Minister declared
that he had "upon the whole a good
report to make to the house this
afternoon."
Churchill stressed particularly the
American victories in the Pacific,
"opening to us the prospect of a
more-much more-speedy climax in
the war with Japan," and the "splen-
did and spectacular victories" won by
the Americans in France, who he said
are now proceeding. at "almost a
gallop" in their southward plunge.
Praises Russians
He praised too the "parade of the
nations" northward through Italy,
but declared emphatically that "it is
the Russian Army which has done
the most work in tearing the guts
out of the German Army."
"I salute Marshal Stalin (cheers)
that great champion of his country,
and I firmly believe that our 20-
The House of Commons adjourned
until Sept. 26 with Foreign Sec-
retary Anthony Eden assuring it
that there would not be any peace
made with Germany in the seven
weeks between now and then, al-
though he held out the possibility
that Germany might surrender in
that period.
years treaty with Russia will prove to
be one of the most lasting and dur-
able factors preserving peace, order
and progress in Europe.
Churchill confirmed the announce-
ment in Ankara of Turkey's break
with Germany, and assured that
country of British support in case
Germany or Bulgaria attacks, adding
that "no one can expect to enter
this conflict and not suffer."
was confirmed by the Soviet radio
monitor's reception of the Moscow
midnight communique.
Vistytis Captured
The broadcast as heard earlier in
London had listed the town of Visty-
tis, which is directly on the East
Prussian border, as among the towns
captured, but this was not confirmed
in subsequent broadcasts.
The Russians further solidified
their positions threatening East
Prussia by capturing the railway sta-
tion of Vilkaviskis, nine miles from
the border, and the city of Vilkavis-
kis, two miles farther distant.
Konigsberg, East Prussia's princi-
pal city, lay 96 miles due west.
The Soviet midnight communique,
which disclosed the advance, also
reported a Red Army spearhead driv-
ing 40 miles due north from captured
Kaunas and another north of Dauga-
vpils (Dvinsk), further squeezing the
Germans isolated in the North Bal-
tic area, and told of a break-through
on the southern Polish front west of
Jaroslaw in a new push towards
Krakow.
Warsaw Underground Active
The Russian war bulletin did not
mention directly either the fiery siege
of Warsaw or the progress of the
great Baltic entrapment of up to
300,000 Germans in Estonia and
northeast Latvia.
German acknowledgements and
other sources made it clear, however,
that four Russian armies methodic-
ally were proceeding with drives on
Riga and the slicing up of the two
isolated armies, while Polish patriots
rose inside Warsaw to aid the Soviet
and Polish troops prosecuting the
all-out battle along a 20-mile subur-
ban arc east of the capital.
Nazi Troops
Are Evacuated
From Finland
STOCKHOLM, Aug. 2-()--Evac-
uation of German troops from Fin-
land to Estonia was reported tonight
and reliable advices said that Fin-
land's new president, Marshal Baron
Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, had re-
ceived advance assurance from Rus-
sia that the Kremlin would consider
an application for an armistice which
would guarantee tiny Finland's inde-
pendence.
A Reuters' dispatch received in
London tonight from Stockholm said
it was reliably reported that the
change in presidents in Finland was
preceded by a Finnish-German agree-
ment in Berlin consenting to a sepa-
rate Finnish peace with Russia and
a Nazi promise to evacuate German
troops at least from southern Fin-
land.)
An authoritative report said the
Germans were evacuating an infan-
try division sent to the Karelian
front last June as their part of Nazi
Foreign Minister Von Ribbentrop's
bargain to keep Finland in the war
with Russia.
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-Associated Press War Map
ALLIES POSITION THREATENS GERMANS-Arrows indicate how
Americans armored forces are pushing southwest toward Rennes to
cut off Brittany and how British are driving across Normandy in
successful attempts to crush Nazi resistance below Caen. Shaded area
is territory in Allied hands before start of current ten-day drive.
AT CHINESE CONFERENCE:
Dr.Judd SysRussians
T ied Up Jap Tro0ops
By ANNETTE SHENKER
"The Russians have tied up more
Japanese troops in the Pacific than
the British and the Americans put
together," Dr. Walter H. Judd, main
speaker at the opening session of the
Chinese conference, said yesterday.
Dr. Judd, who was a physician in
China for many years and is now a
Congressman from Minnesota, said
that by remaining neutral Russia has
kept open our bW'st lines of supply
and therefore that.criticism against
Russia for not waging war against
Japan is entirely unfounded.
"Russia Is Neutral"
"Russian ships, fully lighted, sail-
ed from Portland, Oregon, to Vladi-
vostok, because Russia is neutral," he
pointed out. "Americans have no
right to expect Russia to take on
75 percent of Japan's strength in
addition to 75 percent of Hitler's. If
Russia had wanted to fight Japan, I'd
be dead sure that our leaders would
Hummel Will
Speak Today
Louis Hummel, chief of the division
of Orientalia, Library of Congress,
will talk on "Interpreting China to
the West" at 8:30 p.m. today in the
Rackham Lecture Room as part of
the four. day conference on China
which opened yesterday.
Dr. Gale Is Chairman
Dr. Esson M. Gale, director of the
International Center and counselor
to foreign students, will be chairman
of a panel on "The Growth of the
Chinese Republic" which will be held
from 2 to 4 p.m. in the Rackham
Amphitheatre. On the panel will be
Shih-Chia Chu of the Oriental sec-
tion of the Library of Congress who
will speak on "The Unification of
China."
Also taking part will be George W.
Shepherd, missionary in China and
personal adviser to Chiang Kai-shek,
Celia Chao, graduate in philosophy,
Shanghai, and Tsang Chi-mou, engi-
neering student from Szechwan prov-
ince, will talk on "The Rise of Chiang
Kai-shek.
Roundtable Will Be Held
The first of two roundtables on
"Missions in China" will be held from
10 to 12 a.m. today in the Rackham
Amphitheatre. Edward W. Blake-
man, counselor in religious education,
will be the chairman.
Mr. Shepherd, Alexander Paul, vet-
eran representative of the United
Approaching Rennes
British Second Army Reaches Key
Norman Cities as Germans Retreat
By The Associated Press
SHAEF, Thursday, Aug. 3-Driving with dizzy speed, thundering
armor of Lt. Gen. Omar N. Bradley raced today toward Bennes, cathedral
city and communications hub halfway across Brittany and as fall of the
city appeared imminent, the Americans threatened to slice off the entire
Breton peninsula.
All along the French front the Germans were reeling in broken retreat.
Great strides were made Wednesday in the British sector, where Lt. Gen.
Sir Miles C. Dempsey's Second Army slashed south 17 miles from its
jumping off point at Caumont, captured Estry, 14 miles below Caumont,
-and reached the Vire-Vassy road at
ask her to stay out for our own
sake."
Dr. Judd also discussed the psycho-
logical difficulties which China has
had to face in order to fight this war.
He said that in China the unit of
organization has been the family,
both the state and the individual are
subordinate to it. The Chinese word
for soldier has the same connection
as the English words for gangster or
racketeer. Thusin order to fight this
war successfully, Judd said, China
had to suddenly scrap all these old
values and make the primary value
the state.
Are the Issues Understood?
"Now that we can finally see what
the war is about, we question wheth-
er those who have been fighting it for
10 years understand its issues," Dr.
Judd said in condemnation of those
people who criticize the Chinese lead-
er, Chiang Ki Shek.
Judd added that it has become ap-
parent that Britain doesn't want
Burma to belittered by American and
Chinese forces and that Britain's ob-
jective is more to restore the British
empire than to defeat Japan.
Titiev Addresses Conference
The afternoon session of the con-
ference featured Dr. Mischa Titiev,
professor of anthropology at the Uni-
versity now on leave of absence with
the Office of Strategic Services in
Washington, who spoke on "China's
Contribution to the Far East."
"Even at the beginning of the
present war," Dr. Titiev stated, "each
new Japanese triumph found the
Chinese people unshaken in their
confidence in eventual victory. This
confidence is the product of a cul-
ture which had its beginnings 3,000
years before Christ.
Preceding Dr. Titiev's address was
one by Mr. Raymond Dennett, secre-
tary of the American Council, Insti-
tute of Pacific Relations, who ex-
plained the function of the Institute,
which consists of councils from the
ten countries bordering the pacific.
COSTLY ERROR: .
Bomb Dropped
By U.S. Planez
Killed Mcairk
WASHINGTON, Aug 2-(P)~~~
The explosion of a bomb dropped
short of its target by an Ameri-
can plane killed Lt. Gen. Lesley
J. McNair, former commander of
Army Ground Forces.1
"A full investigation," the War
Dept. announced today, "devel-
oped the fact that Gen. McNair
died as a result of the explosion
of one of our own bombs which
fell short in the intensive aerial
bombardment ofenemy lines just
preparatory to the present large
scale American break-through in1
Normandy"
The General's death was an-1
nounced last week by the de-
partment, but it was attributed
then to enemy fire. The more re-I
cent information, reported by
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, also3
disclosed for the first time the
date of his death-July 25.1
An undisclosed number of cas-I
ualties occurred when about 50
American planes, including both
heavy and medium bombers, re-
leased their bombs prematurely
during an attack on the German
lines west of St. Lo by between
2,500 and 3,000 planes from the
combined striking force of the U
S. 8th and 9th Air Forces.
Yanik Planes
Blast Guam
As Japs Flee
PEARL HARBOR, Aug. 2-()-
American ground forces stabbed into
heavily wooded northern Guam today
in hot pusuit of an estimated 10,000
Japanese fleeing a devastating bom-
bardment that impelled their re-
treat on the third of the Marianas
Islands under American control.
Organized resistance on Tinian, 125
miles northward, had ended and
Adm. Chester W. Nimitz Tuesday
night placed that island with Saipan
in the column of those conquered in
the Marianas.
A fourth island Rota, between
Guam and Tinian, had been invaded
by American troops, the Tokyo radio
said today. There was no confir-
mation, however, of this report, which
was heard by a government listen-
ing post in Melbourne
The Yank power punch on Guam,
intensified by bombs and rocket fire
from carrier planes, was rapidly roll-
ing back what was left of the Japa-
nese garrison in the northern half.
Americans attacking the Japanese
pocket in the Wewak sector of Brit-
ish New Guinea advanced a mile in
their push eastward from Aitape,
headquarters announced today.
Americans who established a
beachhead at Sansapor on the tip
of Dutch New Guinea, 700 miles west
of Aitape, Sunday, have consolidated
their positions.
a'point four and one-half miles east
of Vire.
Vire itself, old Norman capital,
was reached by another British col-
umn, while farther north, five miles
below Villers-Bocage, key position
in the Nazi Normandy defense peri-
meter, the town of Aunay was threat-
ened with encirclement. Two miles
below it the British stormed against
OndeFontaine and fierce fighting was
in progress.
Yanks Sweep Toward East
In the west, Bradley's forces swept
on in two directions from captured
Brecey, advancing to the southeast,
and driving northeast against St.
Pois, five miles away and three miles
from American-held Cuves. Ten
miles to the north, Villedien-LesPo-
eles, by-passed in the southward
surge, has fallen to the Americans.
The Americans stabbed more miles
beyond captured Pontorson in Brit-
tany, toward Brest, an important
Atlantic port at the tip of the Breton
peninsula.
Germans Threatened Near Caen
On the eastern hinge of the French
front, in the British Caen area, bit-
ter fighting continued against enemy
armor in the Tilly-La-Campagne fec-
tor, but the wheeling movement of
the British in the Caumont sector to
the west threatened at last to crush
German resistance below Caen.
Stabbing spearheads were splitting
into pockets the chopped line of
Marshal Erwin Rommel, the one-time
"Desert Fox" who, said German
broadcasts, is now in the hospital
'with a brain concussion as the re-
sult of an Allied air attack.
American and British heavy bomb-
ers blasted bases of the Nazis' fly-
ing bombs in northern France just
before dark Wednesday with multiple
attacks and another fleet of U. S.
bombers struck from Italy at Ger-
man oil resources thus maintaining
the pace of Allied aerial warfare de-
spite bad weather.
Strike Ties, Up
Transportation
In Philadelphia
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 2.- (P)-
Complete paralysis gripped Philadel-
phia's transportation system again
tonight after subway trains had oper-
ated on a curtailed basis for two
hours, during which subway trains
were operated by crews which re-
turned voluntarily with a request
that they be permitted to resume
their jobs.
A spokesman for the Philadelphia
Transportation Company, operators
of all of the city's subways, street cars
and buses, said that subway crewmen
who had returned to work "just
walked out on us again."
Negroes, Whites Clash
The two-day tie-up, back where it
started, has precipitated clashes be-
tween whites and Negroes, incon-
venienced 1,500,000 daily riders and
curtailed war production.
PTC officials said their 6,000 driv-
ers had walked out in protest at the
up-grading of eight Negroes to posts
as streetcar motormen.
The return of the situation to com-
plete paralysis came shortly after
the War Production Board had ap-
pealed to President Roosevelt to halt
the work stoppage.
At almost the same moment that
the subway trains were halting for
the second time, Mayor Bernard
Samuel declared in a special radio
broadcast (WCAU) that the stoppage
amounted to "sabotage of our coun-
try's war effort."
Union Officials Against Stoppage
Officials of the Transport Workers
Union, representing the company
workers, but opposed to the stoppage,
AIM-WHITE HOUSE:
GOP Governors Draft Policy
Declaration To Help Dewey
BATTLE BECOMES RACE:
Burning Wreckage Left Behind
Fast Moving Nazi Front Line
ST. LOUIS, Aug. 2-(P)-Twenty-
six Republican governors assembled
in a politically portentious confer-
ence today and immediately split up
into teams to draft a 14 point policy
ministration takes office next Jan.
20 the squabbling units of govern-
ment will come to an end as far as
we can achieve it."
SOMEWHERE IN BRITTANY,
Aug. 2.--(A)-This has ceased to be
battle-it is a race, with the Ameri-
can Army moving forward perhaps
faster than any army in this war.
thing is rushing into Brittany as
though a moment lost could never be
replaced.
There is no pause even for greet-