THE MTCHTAN DATTY
SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1940;
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THE MICHIGAN DAILY
Famine In A Glutted World'
Grin And Bear It
yLihty
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Editorial Staff
Maaging Editor .............. Carl Petersen
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NIGHT EDITOR: A. P. BLAUSTEIN
Where Are
The Garand Rifles? .
THE INVENTION of the Garand rifle,
capable of firing 10 times as many
aimed shots per minute as the Springfield, was
hailed a few years ago as the greatest advance
in infantry arms in two generations.
Not much has been heard about the Garand
rifle lately, and the reason is tersely told by
Allan Keller in the New York World-Telegram.
Keller wrote his story after a careful investiga-
tion at the Government Armory at Springfield,
mass., and at the plant of the Winchester Re-
peating Arms Co. in New Haven, Conn., the only
private plant licensed to make the rifle.
He found that the output at the Springfieldj
armory consisted of delayed-production reports
rather than rifles, and that of an order for
65,oo0 guns awarded the Winchester Co. last
October, not more than 5,000 had been com-
pleted and turned over to the army.
The reason assigned for the delay is that those
in authority in the War Department have re-
fused to "freeze" the design of the gun and have
insisted on making repeated changes in it. The
result is that the intricate machinery-the dies,
jigs, cutting tools, checking devices and inspec-
tion gauges-cannot be got in readiness for
mass production.
This looks like common sense to the layman.
The finest weapon imaginable is of no use to an
army if it exists only on blueprints or in the
hands of a corporal's guard of soldiers.
- St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Two Courses
Of Action B. ..
OECRETARY OF WAR Henry L. Stim-
son has a reputation of not mincing
Wrords-which may have been one excellent rea-
son for his appointment to his present post. He
did not dissemble, Wednesday, when he ap-
peared before the House military affairs con-
mittee to give his views on compulsory military
training.
In 1917, Mr. Stimson recalled, "we had an
unbroken allied line. We could take time to
prepare. Today we are face to face with a po-
tential enemy who has not only been traiping
his forces for six years but is today putting them
into effect on the victims of Germany and
forcing them to furnish war supplies."
This is a blunt answer to those who have been
demanding to know, in accents of injured inno-
cence, what all the excitement is about. "Who
menaces us?" query these incurably complacent,
or perhaps subtly treacherous, obstructionists.
"Where is the emergency? By whom do we
expect to be assaulted?"
Mr. Stimson names names. He sets possible
time limits. "In 30 days," he declared, "Great
Britain may be conquered and her fleet come
under enemy control."
Suppose his estimates are pessimistic. Sup-
pose his assumptions prove false. Suppose a
cocksure Nazidom that has half the world at its
feet and is in an eminently favorable position to
vent its accumulated spleen against the last and
most intransigent democracy, changes all its
modes of action, of a sudden, and fawns upon us?
In that case, indeed, if we have adopted com-
pulsory training, we will have unnecessarily, if
briefly, disturbed the routine of existence for
some thousands of young able-bodied citizens,
and spent a good deal of the taxpayers' money.
Bi.t suppose Stimson is right? Suppose his
logic-which is, after all, the logic of inexorable
events - and recorded history-turns out to have
been correct. And suppose we have not heeded?
Suppose we have not taken any forthright steps
to assemble manpower? What will our compla-
cent ones say then? What does it matter what
THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE es-
timates that yields for all crops will show
a five per cent increase over last year. The de-
partment also knows these yields cannot possibly
be consumed in the United States. The surplus
problem will continue.
The estimated wheat yield of 728,000,000
bushels will boost stocks on hand to a billion
bushels, and the country requires only 650,000,-
000 bushels.
The corn yield, like the wheat yield, is ex-
pected to fall below 1939 figures, but the 2,400-
000,000 bushels to be harvested is still far beyond
the requirements of the nation.
Herds of sheep and cattle are larger than they
were during the '20s, and although the hog pop-
ulation has declined, foreign markets have de-
clined faster, causing a glut in the domestic
market. The nation's stocks of lard, a hog by-
product, are 266,000,000 pounds-the largest on
record-and on hand is a full year's yield of
cotton, even before the 1940 crop is picked.
In contrast to surpluses in America are severe
shortages of food in Europe. War, neglect and
bad weather promise to give Europeans only
80 per cent as much wheat as they grew last
year, and even bumper crops would be insuffi-
cient for their needs. Ordinarily Europe imports
150,000,000 bushels of wheat. This year, double
that amount may be necessary to keep popula-
tions now controlled by Germany from hunger.
Equally important are shortages in animal
feeds and fats. Normally, the continent of Eu-
rope absorbs half the feed grains entering in-
ternational trade, including 100,000,000 bushels-
of barley and oats and 250,000,000 bushels of
corn. These supplies are now shut off by the
blockade.
* * *
The fact of abundance in America and threat-
ened famine in Europe gives rise to these ques-
tions: Can shipments to Europe this year solve
temporarily America's problem of too much
food? Would peace improve the long-term out-
look for foreign markets fot American food-
stuffs? In the opinion of agricultural experts,
they are not bright for either war or peace.
If war continues, the surplus problem is likely
to become more, rather than less, acute. The
British blockade would remain in effect, sup-
ported by this nation's neutrality law barring
American ships from plying combat waters.
This would tend to prevent American surpluses
from reaching the continent. Also, Germany
can be counted upon to hamper shipments to
Britain, thereby curtailing the largest food mar-
ket in Europe, a market that in normal years
takes 200,000,000 bushels of wheat.
The United States, furthermore, is not the
only country glutted with food. Surpluses also
vex Canada, Argentina, Brazil and Australia.
Argentina will haye on hand at least 300,000,-
000 bushels of corn available for export, more
than enough to supply Europe's needs. Argen-
tina also has a surplus of beef, and, despite a
short wheat crop last winter, still has 50,000,000
bushels of this grain for sale on world markets.
Canada is overstocked with pork and pork
products and at the end of the present harvest
will have more wheat to offer the world thanm
the United States. To this wheat surplus also,
must be added an expected 100,000,000 bushels
from Australia.
Available for bread to fill European stomachs
will be about a billion bushels of wheat. This
amounts to half the normal European crop, in-
cluding Russia, and is more than enough to
supply the entire deficiency of continental Eu-
rope and Great Britain.
Continued warfare in Europe thus threatens
to curtail outlets not only for the United States,
but for all other food-producing countries as
well. This will lead to a demand for higher sub-
sidies, and, unless some method of cooperation
is reached, promises bitter competition for the
shrunken markets that remain. Nearly all coun-
tries, in fact, are subsidizing foreign sales of
foodstuffs, supporting domestic prices, and pay-
ing farmers to hold back part of their har-
vests.
An early peace probably would mean a Hitler
victory, and food would then become a factor
in foreign policy. European observers report
that Germany, can survive comfortably the ef-.
feet of Europe's threatened famine. Sufferers
will be the populations of France, Poland, Bel-
- gium, The Netherlands and Scandinavia.
* * *
To feed these famished peoples would result
in assisting a possible enemy. Not to feed them
may appear brutal to many Americans and might
appear foolish to farmers crying for markets.
But to dispose of American products would
mean giving them away, either directly or
through loans, because Europe has little to offer
this country in exchange for food, except man-
ufactured goods which compete with articles
made here.
Even a satisfactory peace is not expected by
Government officials to provide a long-term,
solution for the American food problem. The
fact is that this country's food producers are
meeting vigorous and cheaper competition from
Canada, Latin America, Australia and New Zea-
land. Production costs are lower in these areas,
and they are in a better position to accept in
exchange European products, like textiles, office
machinery and farm implements.
Even in an orderly and peaceful world, more
food is produced than can be consumed under
present circumstances. Since the first World
War, world production of wheat, for example,
has increased 33 per cent. Most of this increase
c curred in Canada, Argentina and Australia,
where average annual production almost dou-
bled between 1913 and 1935. Coupled with in-
creased acreage in new parts of the world has
been a tendency toward national self-sufficiency,
particularly in Europe. Europe today is reported
by Department of Agriculture experts as being
80 per cent self-sufficient in foods.
This condition, in fact, has persisted since
1933, when the United States first began a
system of production control, stimulated by
subsidies. Farmers have since been urged to
plant more closely to domestic needs, but sur-
pluses, nevertheless, have continued to increase.
Becoming clearer to agricultural economists
is the fact that, to solve the surplus food prob-
lem, world standards of living must be raised.
People must be enabled to, consume more food.
i'(">.
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I
DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
"I guess it was silly coming here again-the Canyon hasn't changed
a bit since we were here in '37."
I
T1eADAILY SWNTO
WERRY 4ROUND
T'RADE RA K EcISTEREID
"i
The Stmaight Dope
By Himself
THIS IS GOING TO BE a relatively harmless
column about the peculiarities of the news
in song and story, domestic and foreign. First,
a rather grim note from abroad. We were in-
formed early in May that the total casualties
suffered by the Dutch army were more than
one-fourth of their total number of troops. This
figure was said to be five hundred thousand. By
the very simple process of dividing by four, we
get a total casualties figure of one hundred
twenty five thousand. Of this the dead might
reasonably be expected to total somewhat mqre
than thirty thousand. These figures were rex
leased to the press by General Winkelmann,
generalissimo of the Dutch forces. They were
later repeated.
The Germans have just released their own
figures on Dutch casualties. The German fig-
ures say that less than three thousand soldiers
were killed. In other words the discrepancy
between- statistics is somewhat greater than
ninety per cent. Take your own choice, chil-
dren. Either the Germans want to appear hu-
manitarian or the Dutch lied. At the moment
this column sees but little reason for the Ger-
mans to lie about those they killed. It looks
to us as though the quick conquest of Holland
was one more of the numerous examples gained
in this war of the betrayal of the people by
their leaders. The German army may be a
miracle machine, but if it can take over a na-
tion by killing less than three thousand troops
then we can take over Ann Arbor by kidnapping
Mayor Sadler, our neighbor and severest critic.
It just ain't in, nature. Somebody in the Dutch
army high command was either bribed or stu-
pid or both. God is still God. The name is not
spelled with a capital H.
We also note with some amusement the
official German dispatch which states that
grandstands and victory arches, together
with loudspeaker systems and festive decor-
ations, are being erected in all German
cities to welcome home the troops after
the successful invasion of Britain is accom-
plished. Mighty thorough, these Deutsch.
They don't miss a het. We quote from the
press release:
"These preparations may be regarded as
symptoms that the success of the operation
against Britain is already regarded as so cer-
t.in that time pcn h taken off for thep nr-nara-
is no way to supply or provision an army in
England, no way to remove it in case of defeat.
Hitler may yet try an invasion. Napoleon, who
was a general as well as a dictator, knew better.
T HE NEXT NEWS is wholly domestic in origin.
Martin Dies is about to invade Hollywood.
Mr. Dies was ready once before but he called
Shirley Temple a communist (or at least a fel-
low traveler) and lost a lot of ground. Now,
however, he is ready to start again. Among the
star witnesses on the latest of his witch hunts
is Mr. John Leech (descriptive, what?) a former
communist who, for reasons unknown, is pre
pared to tell all.
Among the other baleful activities prac-
ticed by coast communists according to Mr.,
Leech is the following interesting method of
procedure. Enlisted men from the Army
and Navy were lured by young girls to the
homes of communist leaders where "ear-
nest talk of Russian ideology and distribu-
tion of literature was intended to dent the
men's patriotism."
We were never an enlisted man, but we have
been lured oncedor twice. From our own bitter
experience we doubt the effectiveness of the
above method. Anybody who lures us ought to
be prepared for the consequences. If we find
out after a good evening's luring that a discus._
sion of Russian ideology is all we are going to
get out of it there will be plenty of trouble. If
the method is really used we want to tell the
communists from our own first-hand knowledge
that few things in life are worse than ideologies
when you want to be lured. It's not the right
method, comrades.
National Defense Embargo
The Administration has used its embargo
powers in the past to keep strategic supplies
from aggressor nations. Sometimes, as in the
case of last week's ban on oil shipments to Spain,
this has been done in an unneutral manner.
Now, however, the embargo has been brought
into use in behalf of the nation defense. The
President yesterday approved an order barring
exports of aviation gasoline to all nations out-
side the Western Hemisphere. This is a wel-
come change in administration policy, in whole-
some contrast to such episodes as the attempt
cavrnu mhaarC n ror +n f n +11 fn Rrif-nin 9n-nAT
WASHINGTON-The most impor-
tant question discussed inside the
Administration today is whether the
British can hold out, and what the
United States can do to bolster Eng-
lish resistance. It is a question that
weighs heavily and grimly on the
hard-boiled realists in the Army,
Navy and State Department, and on
the President himself.
For, giving the British all the
}freaks possible, it seems incredible
that they can hold out against the
poison gas, intensive air bombard-
ment, and all the other modern me-
chanics of war the Nazis are mobil-
izing to hurl against them.
This pessimistic forecast is taken
despite the fact that the British po-
sition has improved materially. The
confidential surveys made by U.S.
observers show that the German pre-
ponderance in the air is now only
11 to 5 in fighter planes, although
it remains 12 to 1 in carrying power
in bombers. The British naturally'
have concentrated more on fighter
planes in order to ward off bombers,
and until recently have had fewer
bombers to attack Germany.
Official reports also show a great
superiority on the part of British
pilots, and a dogged, undaunted
courage.Nevertheless, the compara-
tive air strength is still overwhelm-
ingly in Hitler's favor.
However, it is at sea that the Brit-
ish have suffered most severely. The
censored press cables have revealed
only fragments of the terrific pun-
ishment taken by British merchant
vessels, and also by their destroyer
convoys.
In fact, the outcome of the Battle
of Britain may depend largely upon
destroyers. For it is this type of
vessel which has been exposed to air
bombardment and submarines more
than any other part of the British
Navy. In recent weeks the toll has
been so heavy that an average of
one destroyer a day has been either
sunk or damaged. The damaging of
a vessel is just as effective for the
time being as sinking it, because it
has to be laid up in drydock.
How serious have been British
losses is shown by the fact that its
Navy started the war with 183 de-
stroyers and now has fewer than 100.
All of which indicates the rapid suc-
cess of the new Nazi strategy of
starving Britain out.
U. S. Destroyer Strength
This situation has led to the ques-
tion now being gravely discussed in
the State, War and Navy Depart-
ments, whether the United States
would be serving its own best inter-
ests by selling 50 or 100 of its World
War destroyers to Great Britain.
The United States now has more
destroyers than any other two na-
vies put together-a total of 238.
Of these, 123 were built during or
immediately after the World War,
but have been kept in excellent con-
dition. Their engines have been
packed in grease, and every two or
three years half of them were placed
on sea duty, while the other half
were laid up. Thus they continue
to be valuable fighting ships today.
Inside the Navy Department, many
of the higher-ups believe it would
be wise policy for the United States
to let Great Britain have fifty or
100 of these old destroyers. They
do not look at it from a sentimental
viewpoint, because the U.S. Navy, if
true was that famous boast "Britan-
nia Rules the Waves." What the
British did, years ago, was to secure
all the outlets into the Atlantic.
From Capetown at the tip end of
Africa to Gibraltar at the mouth of
the Mediterranean, they can control
the coast of France. Belgium and
Holland, and can dominate the North
Sea and the mouth of the Baltic.
In other words, the British Isles
constitutes a sort of marine Maginot
Line, and U.S. naval strategists fig-
ure that once that line is broken it
will be impossible to stop an un-
friendly fleet from steaming down
into the waters of South America
and the Caribbean.
Thus, it would be far easier, aild
cheaper, to bolster the British with
some destroyers and keep the Ger-
man-Italian navies bottled up, than
have to face them along the thou-
sands of miles of unfortified South
American coast line.
British Waited
The situation, in the opinion of
both Army and Navy strategists, is
not dissimilar from position of the
British in regard to France. As long
as Hitler was faced with a strong
French army, Britain stood in no
real danger. But once the Nazis
broke through the Maginot Line,
there was no bulwark to stop them
from overrunning the rest of Europe.
The situation has other possible
points of similarity. When the French
were still defending the Maginot
Line, the British, worried over home
defenses, kept most of their airplanes
at home. The French claim that,
given more British air support, they
might have held out.
Likewise one school of American
strategy sincerely believes, as did the
British, that U.S. destroyers should
be kept at home to protect the West-
ern Hemisphere when Hitler finally
breaks through the British marine
Maginot Line. But the majority of
higher-up strategists figure that by
that time it will be too late.
Meanwhile, however, there is no
way for the President to transfer
these destroyers, unless Congress
passes an act giving him that pow%.
And the isolationist clique in Con-
gress shows no disposition to permit
that-at least until after a tremen-
dous fight. And by that time Hitler
may be marching up Piccadilly and
preparing to turn his active atten-
tion to U.S. shores.
Bullitt Spanked
Dressy Bill Bullitt, U.S. Ambassa-
dor to France, did not do all the
talking during his week-end stay at
Hyde Park. The President told Bul-
litt a few things, too.
One was to pipe down on his talk
about the Petain government of
France being "free" and non-Fascist.
Bullitt, upon debarking at New
York, had broken a previous rule
against interviews and given report-
ers an enthusiastic puff for the Pe-
tain government, asserting that it
was not under German domination
and not Fascist in character.,
Roosevelt took Bullitt sharply to
task for these statements. He said
they were untrue, and that if Bul-
litt didn't know that, he ought to.
Bullitt ran for cover. He claimed
he had been misquoted, that he had
said the 84-year-old Petain was not
a Fascist or under German control.
- O;r_ . - ow. - -, *
All notices for the Daily Official
Bulletin are to be sent to the Office
of the Summer Session before 3:30
P. M. of the day preceding its pub-
lication except on Saturday, when
the notices should be submitted be-
fore 11:30 A. M.
Internal Combustion Engine Insti-
tute Lectures, "Aircraft Vibrations"
by Mr. G. L. Williams, Pratt and
Whitney Aircraft; and "High Alti-
tude Flying," by Mr. H. V. Shebat,
Wright Aeronautical Corporation,
will be given in the Amphitheater of
the Rackham Building at 9 a~m. to-
day.
The Comprehensive Examination
in Education for the Teacher's Cer-
tificate will be given this morning
at 9 a.m. in 2427 U.E.S
Graduate Record Program will be
held today, August 3, from 3 to
5 p.m. in the Men's Lounge of the
Rackham Building. The program
consists of: Prelude and Fugue in F
minor by Bach; El Salon Mexico by
Aaron Copland; En Saga by Sibelius;
The Rites of Spring by Strawinsky;
Siegfried Idyll by Wagner and Sym-
phony in F Minor by Vaughan-Wil-
1. Dr. Charles Hockett will be in
charge. All are invited to attend.
"Escape", by John Galsworthy, is
playing tonight, in the Lydia Men-
delssohn Theatre, at 8:30. Galswor-
thy's play is the sixth to be produced
this summer by the Michigan Reper-
tory Players'. Tickets are on sale at
the box office.
Graduate Outing Club will meet
on Sunday, August 4 at 2:30 p.m. in
the rear of the Rackham Building
for an outing to Silver Lake. Swim-
ming, softball and outdoor supper
with a weenie roast. There is an ur-
gent need for cars. All graduate stu-
dents, faculty and alumni welcome.
Band Concert: The University of
Michigan Summer Session Band,
Frank Simon, Guest Conductor, will
give a program Sunday afteroon at
Hill Auditorium at 4:15 p.m. The
general public with the exception of
small children, is invited without ad-
mission charge.
Summer Vespers: The final Sum-
mer Vespers will be held in Hill Audi-
torium Sunday evening at 8 o'clock.
The Summer Session Chorus will be
directed by the Reverend William J.
Finn, C.S.P., Director of the Paulist
Choristers, New York City.
The Graduate Commercial Club
will hold its regular weekly meeting
Tuesday, August 6, in room 2001 of
the University High School. The pro-
gram will consist of a demonstration
of the latest office machines by a
representative of the Burroughs
Company, followed by cards and dan-
cing in the recreation room of the
High School. All Commercial Teach-
ers are cordially invited to attend.
Refreshments will be served.
Faculty Concert: Hardin Van
Deursen, Baritone; John Kollen, Pi-
anist; Joseph Brinkman, Pianist;
Hanns Pick, Violoncellist; with Ern-
est Krenek and Ava Com nCase, ac-
companists, will join forces in a fac-
ulty concert to be given in Hill Audi-
torium, Tuesday evening, August 6,
at 8:30 p.m.. The general public with
the exception of small children are
invited without admission charge.
Charles A. Sink
Cercle Francais. The annual ban-
quet of the Cercle Francais will be
held in the Terrace 'Room, second
floor of the Union, Wednesday, Au-
gust 7 at 7 p.m. The price of the din-
ner is included in the dues paid by
the members.
Members of the Summer Teaching
Staff or students desiring to attend
are requested to notify Mr. Jobin or
Miss McMullan of the Foyer, Tele-
phone 2-2547. The price per plate is
$1.25,
St. Andrew's Episcopal Church-
8 a.m. Holy Communion; 11 a.m.
Holy Communion and Sermon by the
Reverend Frederick W. Leech; 11 a.
m. Kindergarten; 4 p.m. Student
Picnic at Y.M.C.A.,Camp Birkett on
Big Silver Iake. Games, swimming,
informal discussion, picnic supper,
25c. Cars leave Harris Hall at 4 p.m.
First Methodist Church. Morning
Worship Service at 10:40 a.m. The
Rev. J. Edward Lantz will preach on
the subject "Beggars."
First Church of Christ, Scientist,
409 So. Division St. Sunday service
at 10:30, subject: "Love." Sunday
School at 11:45.
First Presbyterian Church. 10:45
a.m. "The Way Everlasting" will be
the subject of the sermon by Dr. W.
P. Lemon.
5:30 p.m. Sunday Evening Vespers
led by the minister, Dr. W. P. Lemon,
on "What The Other Half Believe."
This Sunday evening his subject will
be "A Fundamentalist Plots the
World." A cnt Umnratr 5 L.n-n. *m t