THE MTCHTAN DATTY SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1940; -__s. . a .as .rn. . zs THE MICHIGAN DAILY Famine In A Glutted World' Grin And Bear It yLihty SEditedand managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Poblished every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Assolated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class mail matter. Subcriptions during the regular school year by carrier $4.00; by mail, $4.50. REPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVENR,,SNG BY National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 MAWIsON AVE. NEw YORK, N. Y. CiCAGO - SOSTON * LOS ANGEL.ES SAN FRANCISCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1939-40 Editorial Staff Maaging Editor .............. Carl Petersen City Editor ...............Norman A. Schorr Associate Editors .......... Harry M. Kelsey, Karl Kessler, Albert P. Blau- stein, Morton C. Jampel, Su- zanne Potter. Business Staff Business Manager ............ Jane E. Mowers Assistant Manager .......... Irving Guttman NIGHT EDITOR: A. P. BLAUSTEIN Where Are The Garand Rifles? . THE INVENTION of the Garand rifle, capable of firing 10 times as many aimed shots per minute as the Springfield, was hailed a few years ago as the greatest advance in infantry arms in two generations. Not much has been heard about the Garand rifle lately, and the reason is tersely told by Allan Keller in the New York World-Telegram. Keller wrote his story after a careful investiga- tion at the Government Armory at Springfield, mass., and at the plant of the Winchester Re- peating Arms Co. in New Haven, Conn., the only private plant licensed to make the rifle. He found that the output at the Springfieldj armory consisted of delayed-production reports rather than rifles, and that of an order for 65,oo0 guns awarded the Winchester Co. last October, not more than 5,000 had been com- pleted and turned over to the army. The reason assigned for the delay is that those in authority in the War Department have re- fused to "freeze" the design of the gun and have insisted on making repeated changes in it. The result is that the intricate machinery-the dies, jigs, cutting tools, checking devices and inspec- tion gauges-cannot be got in readiness for mass production. This looks like common sense to the layman. The finest weapon imaginable is of no use to an army if it exists only on blueprints or in the hands of a corporal's guard of soldiers. - St. Louis Post-Dispatch Two Courses Of Action B. .. OECRETARY OF WAR Henry L. Stim- son has a reputation of not mincing Wrords-which may have been one excellent rea- son for his appointment to his present post. He did not dissemble, Wednesday, when he ap- peared before the House military affairs con- mittee to give his views on compulsory military training. In 1917, Mr. Stimson recalled, "we had an unbroken allied line. We could take time to prepare. Today we are face to face with a po- tential enemy who has not only been traiping his forces for six years but is today putting them into effect on the victims of Germany and forcing them to furnish war supplies." This is a blunt answer to those who have been demanding to know, in accents of injured inno- cence, what all the excitement is about. "Who menaces us?" query these incurably complacent, or perhaps subtly treacherous, obstructionists. "Where is the emergency? By whom do we expect to be assaulted?" Mr. Stimson names names. He sets possible time limits. "In 30 days," he declared, "Great Britain may be conquered and her fleet come under enemy control." Suppose his estimates are pessimistic. Sup- pose his assumptions prove false. Suppose a cocksure Nazidom that has half the world at its feet and is in an eminently favorable position to vent its accumulated spleen against the last and most intransigent democracy, changes all its modes of action, of a sudden, and fawns upon us? In that case, indeed, if we have adopted com- pulsory training, we will have unnecessarily, if briefly, disturbed the routine of existence for some thousands of young able-bodied citizens, and spent a good deal of the taxpayers' money. Bi.t suppose Stimson is right? Suppose his logic-which is, after all, the logic of inexorable events - and recorded history-turns out to have been correct. And suppose we have not heeded? Suppose we have not taken any forthright steps to assemble manpower? What will our compla- cent ones say then? What does it matter what THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE es- timates that yields for all crops will show a five per cent increase over last year. The de- partment also knows these yields cannot possibly be consumed in the United States. The surplus problem will continue. The estimated wheat yield of 728,000,000 bushels will boost stocks on hand to a billion bushels, and the country requires only 650,000,- 000 bushels. The corn yield, like the wheat yield, is ex- pected to fall below 1939 figures, but the 2,400- 000,000 bushels to be harvested is still far beyond the requirements of the nation. Herds of sheep and cattle are larger than they were during the '20s, and although the hog pop- ulation has declined, foreign markets have de- clined faster, causing a glut in the domestic market. The nation's stocks of lard, a hog by- product, are 266,000,000 pounds-the largest on record-and on hand is a full year's yield of cotton, even before the 1940 crop is picked. In contrast to surpluses in America are severe shortages of food in Europe. War, neglect and bad weather promise to give Europeans only 80 per cent as much wheat as they grew last year, and even bumper crops would be insuffi- cient for their needs. Ordinarily Europe imports 150,000,000 bushels of wheat. This year, double that amount may be necessary to keep popula- tions now controlled by Germany from hunger. Equally important are shortages in animal feeds and fats. Normally, the continent of Eu- rope absorbs half the feed grains entering in- ternational trade, including 100,000,000 bushels- of barley and oats and 250,000,000 bushels of corn. These supplies are now shut off by the blockade. * * * The fact of abundance in America and threat- ened famine in Europe gives rise to these ques- tions: Can shipments to Europe this year solve temporarily America's problem of too much food? Would peace improve the long-term out- look for foreign markets fot American food- stuffs? In the opinion of agricultural experts, they are not bright for either war or peace. If war continues, the surplus problem is likely to become more, rather than less, acute. The British blockade would remain in effect, sup- ported by this nation's neutrality law barring American ships from plying combat waters. This would tend to prevent American surpluses from reaching the continent. Also, Germany can be counted upon to hamper shipments to Britain, thereby curtailing the largest food mar- ket in Europe, a market that in normal years takes 200,000,000 bushels of wheat. The United States, furthermore, is not the only country glutted with food. Surpluses also vex Canada, Argentina, Brazil and Australia. Argentina will haye on hand at least 300,000,- 000 bushels of corn available for export, more than enough to supply Europe's needs. Argen- tina also has a surplus of beef, and, despite a short wheat crop last winter, still has 50,000,000 bushels of this grain for sale on world markets. Canada is overstocked with pork and pork products and at the end of the present harvest will have more wheat to offer the world thanm the United States. To this wheat surplus also, must be added an expected 100,000,000 bushels from Australia. Available for bread to fill European stomachs will be about a billion bushels of wheat. This amounts to half the normal European crop, in- cluding Russia, and is more than enough to supply the entire deficiency of continental Eu- rope and Great Britain. Continued warfare in Europe thus threatens to curtail outlets not only for the United States, but for all other food-producing countries as well. This will lead to a demand for higher sub- sidies, and, unless some method of cooperation is reached, promises bitter competition for the shrunken markets that remain. Nearly all coun- tries, in fact, are subsidizing foreign sales of foodstuffs, supporting domestic prices, and pay- ing farmers to hold back part of their har- vests. An early peace probably would mean a Hitler victory, and food would then become a factor in foreign policy. European observers report that Germany, can survive comfortably the ef-. feet of Europe's threatened famine. Sufferers will be the populations of France, Poland, Bel- - gium, The Netherlands and Scandinavia. * * * To feed these famished peoples would result in assisting a possible enemy. Not to feed them may appear brutal to many Americans and might appear foolish to farmers crying for markets. But to dispose of American products would mean giving them away, either directly or through loans, because Europe has little to offer this country in exchange for food, except man- ufactured goods which compete with articles made here. Even a satisfactory peace is not expected by Government officials to provide a long-term, solution for the American food problem. The fact is that this country's food producers are meeting vigorous and cheaper competition from Canada, Latin America, Australia and New Zea- land. Production costs are lower in these areas, and they are in a better position to accept in exchange European products, like textiles, office machinery and farm implements. Even in an orderly and peaceful world, more food is produced than can be consumed under present circumstances. Since the first World War, world production of wheat, for example, has increased 33 per cent. Most of this increase c curred in Canada, Argentina and Australia, where average annual production almost dou- bled between 1913 and 1935. Coupled with in- creased acreage in new parts of the world has been a tendency toward national self-sufficiency, particularly in Europe. Europe today is reported by Department of Agriculture experts as being 80 per cent self-sufficient in foods. This condition, in fact, has persisted since 1933, when the United States first began a system of production control, stimulated by subsidies. Farmers have since been urged to plant more closely to domestic needs, but sur- pluses, nevertheless, have continued to increase. Becoming clearer to agricultural economists is the fact that, to solve the surplus food prob- lem, world standards of living must be raised. People must be enabled to, consume more food. i'(">. 'l~ } , I DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN "I guess it was silly coming here again-the Canyon hasn't changed a bit since we were here in '37." I T1eADAILY SWNTO WERRY 4ROUND T'RADE RA K EcISTEREID "i The Stmaight Dope By Himself THIS IS GOING TO BE a relatively harmless column about the peculiarities of the news in song and story, domestic and foreign. First, a rather grim note from abroad. We were in- formed early in May that the total casualties suffered by the Dutch army were more than one-fourth of their total number of troops. This figure was said to be five hundred thousand. By the very simple process of dividing by four, we get a total casualties figure of one hundred twenty five thousand. Of this the dead might reasonably be expected to total somewhat mqre than thirty thousand. These figures were rex leased to the press by General Winkelmann, generalissimo of the Dutch forces. They were later repeated. The Germans have just released their own figures on Dutch casualties. The German fig- ures say that less than three thousand soldiers were killed. In other words the discrepancy between- statistics is somewhat greater than ninety per cent. Take your own choice, chil- dren. Either the Germans want to appear hu- manitarian or the Dutch lied. At the moment this column sees but little reason for the Ger- mans to lie about those they killed. It looks to us as though the quick conquest of Holland was one more of the numerous examples gained in this war of the betrayal of the people by their leaders. The German army may be a miracle machine, but if it can take over a na- tion by killing less than three thousand troops then we can take over Ann Arbor by kidnapping Mayor Sadler, our neighbor and severest critic. It just ain't in, nature. Somebody in the Dutch army high command was either bribed or stu- pid or both. God is still God. The name is not spelled with a capital H. We also note with some amusement the official German dispatch which states that grandstands and victory arches, together with loudspeaker systems and festive decor- ations, are being erected in all German cities to welcome home the troops after the successful invasion of Britain is accom- plished. Mighty thorough, these Deutsch. They don't miss a het. We quote from the press release: "These preparations may be regarded as symptoms that the success of the operation against Britain is already regarded as so cer- t.in that time pcn h taken off for thep nr-nara- is no way to supply or provision an army in England, no way to remove it in case of defeat. Hitler may yet try an invasion. Napoleon, who was a general as well as a dictator, knew better. T HE NEXT NEWS is wholly domestic in origin. Martin Dies is about to invade Hollywood. Mr. Dies was ready once before but he called Shirley Temple a communist (or at least a fel- low traveler) and lost a lot of ground. Now, however, he is ready to start again. Among the star witnesses on the latest of his witch hunts is Mr. John Leech (descriptive, what?) a former communist who, for reasons unknown, is pre pared to tell all. Among the other baleful activities prac- ticed by coast communists according to Mr., Leech is the following interesting method of procedure. Enlisted men from the Army and Navy were lured by young girls to the homes of communist leaders where "ear- nest talk of Russian ideology and distribu- tion of literature was intended to dent the men's patriotism." We were never an enlisted man, but we have been lured oncedor twice. From our own bitter experience we doubt the effectiveness of the above method. Anybody who lures us ought to be prepared for the consequences. If we find out after a good evening's luring that a discus._ sion of Russian ideology is all we are going to get out of it there will be plenty of trouble. If the method is really used we want to tell the communists from our own first-hand knowledge that few things in life are worse than ideologies when you want to be lured. It's not the right method, comrades. National Defense Embargo The Administration has used its embargo powers in the past to keep strategic supplies from aggressor nations. Sometimes, as in the case of last week's ban on oil shipments to Spain, this has been done in an unneutral manner. Now, however, the embargo has been brought into use in behalf of the nation defense. The President yesterday approved an order barring exports of aviation gasoline to all nations out- side the Western Hemisphere. This is a wel- come change in administration policy, in whole- some contrast to such episodes as the attempt cavrnu mhaarC n ror +n f n +11 fn Rrif-nin 9n-nAT WASHINGTON-The most impor- tant question discussed inside the Administration today is whether the British can hold out, and what the United States can do to bolster Eng- lish resistance. It is a question that weighs heavily and grimly on the hard-boiled realists in the Army, Navy and State Department, and on the President himself. For, giving the British all the }freaks possible, it seems incredible that they can hold out against the poison gas, intensive air bombard- ment, and all the other modern me- chanics of war the Nazis are mobil- izing to hurl against them. This pessimistic forecast is taken despite the fact that the British po- sition has improved materially. The confidential surveys made by U.S. observers show that the German pre- ponderance in the air is now only 11 to 5 in fighter planes, although it remains 12 to 1 in carrying power in bombers. The British naturally' have concentrated more on fighter planes in order to ward off bombers, and until recently have had fewer bombers to attack Germany. Official reports also show a great superiority on the part of British pilots, and a dogged, undaunted courage.Nevertheless, the compara- tive air strength is still overwhelm- ingly in Hitler's favor. However, it is at sea that the Brit- ish have suffered most severely. The censored press cables have revealed only fragments of the terrific pun- ishment taken by British merchant vessels, and also by their destroyer convoys. In fact, the outcome of the Battle of Britain may depend largely upon destroyers. For it is this type of vessel which has been exposed to air bombardment and submarines more than any other part of the British Navy. In recent weeks the toll has been so heavy that an average of one destroyer a day has been either sunk or damaged. The damaging of a vessel is just as effective for the time being as sinking it, because it has to be laid up in drydock. How serious have been British losses is shown by the fact that its Navy started the war with 183 de- stroyers and now has fewer than 100. All of which indicates the rapid suc- cess of the new Nazi strategy of starving Britain out. U. S. Destroyer Strength This situation has led to the ques- tion now being gravely discussed in the State, War and Navy Depart- ments, whether the United States would be serving its own best inter- ests by selling 50 or 100 of its World War destroyers to Great Britain. The United States now has more destroyers than any other two na- vies put together-a total of 238. Of these, 123 were built during or immediately after the World War, but have been kept in excellent con- dition. Their engines have been packed in grease, and every two or three years half of them were placed on sea duty, while the other half were laid up. Thus they continue to be valuable fighting ships today. Inside the Navy Department, many of the higher-ups believe it would be wise policy for the United States to let Great Britain have fifty or 100 of these old destroyers. They do not look at it from a sentimental viewpoint, because the U.S. Navy, if true was that famous boast "Britan- nia Rules the Waves." What the British did, years ago, was to secure all the outlets into the Atlantic. From Capetown at the tip end of Africa to Gibraltar at the mouth of the Mediterranean, they can control the coast of France. Belgium and Holland, and can dominate the North Sea and the mouth of the Baltic. In other words, the British Isles constitutes a sort of marine Maginot Line, and U.S. naval strategists fig- ure that once that line is broken it will be impossible to stop an un- friendly fleet from steaming down into the waters of South America and the Caribbean. Thus, it would be far easier, aild cheaper, to bolster the British with some destroyers and keep the Ger- man-Italian navies bottled up, than have to face them along the thou- sands of miles of unfortified South American coast line. British Waited The situation, in the opinion of both Army and Navy strategists, is not dissimilar from position of the British in regard to France. As long as Hitler was faced with a strong French army, Britain stood in no real danger. But once the Nazis broke through the Maginot Line, there was no bulwark to stop them from overrunning the rest of Europe. The situation has other possible points of similarity. When the French were still defending the Maginot Line, the British, worried over home defenses, kept most of their airplanes at home. The French claim that, given more British air support, they might have held out. Likewise one school of American strategy sincerely believes, as did the British, that U.S. destroyers should be kept at home to protect the West- ern Hemisphere when Hitler finally breaks through the British marine Maginot Line. But the majority of higher-up strategists figure that by that time it will be too late. Meanwhile, however, there is no way for the President to transfer these destroyers, unless Congress passes an act giving him that pow%. And the isolationist clique in Con- gress shows no disposition to permit that-at least until after a tremen- dous fight. And by that time Hitler may be marching up Piccadilly and preparing to turn his active atten- tion to U.S. shores. Bullitt Spanked Dressy Bill Bullitt, U.S. Ambassa- dor to France, did not do all the talking during his week-end stay at Hyde Park. The President told Bul- litt a few things, too. One was to pipe down on his talk about the Petain government of France being "free" and non-Fascist. Bullitt, upon debarking at New York, had broken a previous rule against interviews and given report- ers an enthusiastic puff for the Pe- tain government, asserting that it was not under German domination and not Fascist in character., Roosevelt took Bullitt sharply to task for these statements. He said they were untrue, and that if Bul- litt didn't know that, he ought to. Bullitt ran for cover. He claimed he had been misquoted, that he had said the 84-year-old Petain was not a Fascist or under German control. - O;r_ . - ow. - -, * All notices for the Daily Official Bulletin are to be sent to the Office of the Summer Session before 3:30 P. M. of the day preceding its pub- lication except on Saturday, when the notices should be submitted be- fore 11:30 A. M. Internal Combustion Engine Insti- tute Lectures, "Aircraft Vibrations" by Mr. G. L. Williams, Pratt and Whitney Aircraft; and "High Alti- tude Flying," by Mr. H. V. Shebat, Wright Aeronautical Corporation, will be given in the Amphitheater of the Rackham Building at 9 a~m. to- day. The Comprehensive Examination in Education for the Teacher's Cer- tificate will be given this morning at 9 a.m. in 2427 U.E.S Graduate Record Program will be held today, August 3, from 3 to 5 p.m. in the Men's Lounge of the Rackham Building. The program consists of: Prelude and Fugue in F minor by Bach; El Salon Mexico by Aaron Copland; En Saga by Sibelius; The Rites of Spring by Strawinsky; Siegfried Idyll by Wagner and Sym- phony in F Minor by Vaughan-Wil- 1. Dr. Charles Hockett will be in charge. All are invited to attend. "Escape", by John Galsworthy, is playing tonight, in the Lydia Men- delssohn Theatre, at 8:30. Galswor- thy's play is the sixth to be produced this summer by the Michigan Reper- tory Players'. Tickets are on sale at the box office. Graduate Outing Club will meet on Sunday, August 4 at 2:30 p.m. in the rear of the Rackham Building for an outing to Silver Lake. Swim- ming, softball and outdoor supper with a weenie roast. There is an ur- gent need for cars. All graduate stu- dents, faculty and alumni welcome. Band Concert: The University of Michigan Summer Session Band, Frank Simon, Guest Conductor, will give a program Sunday afteroon at Hill Auditorium at 4:15 p.m. The general public with the exception of small children, is invited without ad- mission charge. Summer Vespers: The final Sum- mer Vespers will be held in Hill Audi- torium Sunday evening at 8 o'clock. The Summer Session Chorus will be directed by the Reverend William J. Finn, C.S.P., Director of the Paulist Choristers, New York City. The Graduate Commercial Club will hold its regular weekly meeting Tuesday, August 6, in room 2001 of the University High School. The pro- gram will consist of a demonstration of the latest office machines by a representative of the Burroughs Company, followed by cards and dan- cing in the recreation room of the High School. All Commercial Teach- ers are cordially invited to attend. Refreshments will be served. Faculty Concert: Hardin Van Deursen, Baritone; John Kollen, Pi- anist; Joseph Brinkman, Pianist; Hanns Pick, Violoncellist; with Ern- est Krenek and Ava Com nCase, ac- companists, will join forces in a fac- ulty concert to be given in Hill Audi- torium, Tuesday evening, August 6, at 8:30 p.m.. The general public with the exception of small children are invited without admission charge. Charles A. Sink Cercle Francais. The annual ban- quet of the Cercle Francais will be held in the Terrace 'Room, second floor of the Union, Wednesday, Au- gust 7 at 7 p.m. The price of the din- ner is included in the dues paid by the members. Members of the Summer Teaching Staff or students desiring to attend are requested to notify Mr. Jobin or Miss McMullan of the Foyer, Tele- phone 2-2547. The price per plate is $1.25, St. Andrew's Episcopal Church- 8 a.m. Holy Communion; 11 a.m. Holy Communion and Sermon by the Reverend Frederick W. Leech; 11 a. m. Kindergarten; 4 p.m. Student Picnic at Y.M.C.A.,Camp Birkett on Big Silver Iake. Games, swimming, informal discussion, picnic supper, 25c. Cars leave Harris Hall at 4 p.m. First Methodist Church. Morning Worship Service at 10:40 a.m. The Rev. J. Edward Lantz will preach on the subject "Beggars." First Church of Christ, Scientist, 409 So. Division St. Sunday service at 10:30, subject: "Love." Sunday School at 11:45. First Presbyterian Church. 10:45 a.m. "The Way Everlasting" will be the subject of the sermon by Dr. W. P. Lemon. 5:30 p.m. Sunday Evening Vespers led by the minister, Dr. W. P. Lemon, on "What The Other Half Believe." This Sunday evening his subject will be "A Fundamentalist Plots the World." A cnt Umnratr 5 L.n-n. *m t