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"Whew! At First I Thought It Was Sent Up By
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V"'
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THE INSIDE STORY:
Tunisian Arms Deal
-Aplomatic Riddle
By WATSON SIMS
Associated Press Staff Writer
LONDON-THE TUNISIAN arms deal which disturbed three capita
and caused,a furor throughout the Western world may go down
history as a diplomatic riddle.
The inside story of the deal is a case history in modern diplomac
It demonstrates how people in high places can misunderstand eac
other, how governments can go wrong in forecasting the reactions
their people,.and how democratic governments can shift and sway und
public pressures.
French diplomats are contending their government was nev
MBER 24, 1957
NIGHT EDITOR: DAVID TARR
I;
Political Discussion
Waits Upon Political Clubs
.~t cti tfl
_a W V
3ABLY THE DULLEST PERIOD of poll-
,1 activity is that year following a presi-
. election-the period this country is
tly experiencing.
clear and startling reflection of these
al political doldrums is in the student
and more particularly in a few student
nations . on this campus. To date this
er there has been an incredible void of
al discussions, speeches or activity of any,
Young Democrats have made interesting
inor contributions by bringing United
Congressional Representatives John D.
[ and Martha W. Griffiths here to speak.
oung Republicans were more spectacular
nging to have Sen. William F. Knowland
but the club stubbed its toe in the pro-
id, because of less interest in the senator
ras expqected, reputedly lost over $300.
LACK OF INTEREST shown in Sen.
owland, a national political figure regard-
what one thinks of his politics, is not to
lained by one or two reasons. But it does
the interesting question, which is con-
by the overwhelming success of Thomas
's appearance here a yewr ago, of the
. of political activity that will interest
its. We doubt that students do not wish
r prominent national figures, but it is a
on that political clubs should consider in
ng future activities.
hould be made clear that organizations
s YR's and YD's are faced with many and
It problems in arranging for any speakers,
ularly in an off-year in politics, one of the
crucial being the great lack of personali-
illing to speak. This same problem has
faced this year by political organizations
isiderably more influence and financial
ces than groups located on .university
ses.
in light of these difficulties-not that
excuse the dearth of activity on this
is-the tragedy of of the Political Issues
s all the worse.
s organization's only meeting was a panel
sion on "Science, Democracy and the
War" which included Prof. Henry Gom-
Prof. Morris Janowitz and Prof. Kenneth
ng. The result was most commendable;
anel provided an interesting and stimu-
evening.
more significant was the surprisingly.
turnout on what was a rainy and rather
isant evening. Following the meeting,
ub's officers expressed surprise and grati-
'n at the attendance.
SUCCESS of this panel suggests that
.dents here may react more favorably-at
least during a dull political year nationally-to
local political discussions than to outside per-
sonalities. If this is true, the failure of the
Political Issues Club to carry through on their
first success is even more lamentable than the
failures of the YD's and YR's.
Certainly; the United States and the entire
world is not lacking for issues today that would
easily lend themselves to interesting discussions
by University professors andi, possibly, experts
in different fields outside the University.
It may be a little late now, but a discussion
based on the revelations by the McClellan com-
mittee of unethical practices in labor manage-
ment would have beenin order. The nation's
economy and its hazy future could also provide
a lively discussion; indeed, possibly even a
debate. It would be most unusual if there was
not one in the economics department of busi-
ness administration school having opinions on
these subjects. It is quite likely the political
science department has numerous members
willing to discuss strictly political issues. And
the list could b'e extended to numerous other
departments.
WE WOULD, however, caution an organization
VV such as the Political Issues Club against
becoming too involved in entirely contemporary
issues. We would suggest they aim also at
broad categories of basic importance to a free
society. Possibly several professors would dis-
cuss the changing role of the states' relation-
ship to the federal government and the three
branches of the government. If two professors
could be found with opposing views on states
rights, a debate would'be in order.
A panel discussion on liberalism in this coun-
try, its past and where it must go in the
future, would be most stimulating.
But in considering topics such as these, and
the many left unmentioned, it would be unwise
to limit the possibility of discussions to pro-
fessors. Young Democrats and Young Republi-
cans might provide political activity by holding
debates between representatives of each organi-
zation
It is said, and probably with a certain degree
of truth, that 95 per cent of the students here
are caught in a bottomless pit of apathy with
no way out. Even if this were true, it would be
inexcusable to neglect the other five per cent.
But we doubt that all 95 per cent are completely
lacking in concern for the world of politics,
government and society. It is much more likely,
most of them become so involved with their
college life as never to take time to consider
issues and political problems that control their
destinies.
If so, then it must be said that their lack of
interest is no worse than the void of opportuni-
ties to stimulate and develop an interest.
-DAVID TARR
, .
I
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properly consulted about shipment
was betrayed by its closest allies.
British and American officials
charge it was France that failed
to consult' properly on her own
intentions. ,
One British version, stemming
from a highly qualified course,
maintains the present government
of France actually consented to
the arms shipment - and thent
turned on Washington and London
when popular resentment In
France proved more violentnthan
expected.
IN EXPLAINING the dispute,
diplomats of all three nations go
back to Sept. 4, when Tunisia first
asked Britain and America for a
token consignment of rifles and
machine guns, a request loaded
with diplomatic dynamite.
President Habib Bourguiba of.
Tunisia said the weapons were
needed to protect his country from
attack by French forces in neigh-
boring ,.Algeria. To grant the arms
would anger France, which feared
they would be turned over to the
Algerian rebels.
To deny them,- -Britain and
America feared, might mean that
Tunisia-like Egypt-would turn to
Russia for arms and give com-
munism a foothold in North Af-
rica.
Britain and America took no
immediate action, but told France
about the request aid suggested
that France itself provide the
weapons - with whatever safe-
guards were necessary to keep
them out of Algerian hands.
On Sept. 18, Tunisia renewed her
request, adding a strong hint that
she might get weapons elsewhere
if it was refused. A week later,
Egypt added to the pressure by
announcing she would give arms to
Tunisia.
* * *
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
President Juggles Figures
By DREW PEARSON
U NLESS Congressional leaders
change his mind, President Ei-
senhower will not boost the budg-
et, but, will 'pay 'for the missile
speed-up out of other government
savings. His hope is to squeeze
about two billion dollars out of
the present budget by eliminating
low-priority defense items and
cutting nonmilitary programs,
such as veterans benefits arid wel-
fare projects.'
Ike has promised to clear with
congressional leaders, however,
before he makes a final decision.
They will huddle with him Decem-
ber 3 for a bipartisan briefing.
Meanwhile, orders have gone
out to agency heads to tighten
their belts. Their approach to
Congress has already been worked
out by the political strategists.
The agency spokesmen will claim
they need every penny of their
appropriations, but will offer to
"sacrifice" for the sake of national
defense.
In this way, the Administration
hopes to get credit for speeding
up the missiles program and hold-
ing down taxes' at the same time.
** *
THE BIGGEST cuts are expect-
ed to be made at the Defense De-
partment itself. Assistant Secre-
tary W. J. McNeil, the comptrol-
ler, is now juggling figures. By re-
tiring some conventional Navy
ships and Air Force planes, he
hopes to scrape together close to
one billion dollars for more mis-
siles.
The details are also being
worked out as to which nonmili-
tary projects should be trimmed.
Veterans and welfare payments
probably will be reduced by tight-
ening the eligibility requirements.'
Ike is also expected to abandon
his school-construction program
and settle for less. expensive aid
to education, probably govern-
ment scholarships for promising
science students.
The President's offer of more
defense for the same price will
likely run into Democratic oppo-
sition. Most Democratic leaders
fear we can't catch up with Rus-
sia on a balanced budget, also
object to paying part of the mis-
sile speed-up out of the pockets
of veterans, widows,, and school
children.
Some northern senators will sug-
gest plugging up t;e tax loop-
holes, such as the oil depletion al-
lowance, , to finance the missile
increase.
Note: Ike's determination to
hold down the budget stiffened
noticeably after his recent visit
with ex-Secretary of the Treasury
George "Hard Buck" Humphrey
at the Augusta Golf Club. Humph-
rey was photographed sampling a
cracker from a cracker barrel he
had presented to the club. A Pen-
tagon aide, seeing the picture,
cracked: "I see George still has
his hand in the cracker barrel."
* * *
BRIGHT, BRASH Bernard
Shanley, who stepped out as Pres-
ident Eisenhower's appointments
secretary to run for the Senate in
New Jersey, has thrown state'
GOP leaders into a tizzy
They will meet informally Tues-
day to try to batten dowi( the lid
Shanley blew off the party by
challenging veteran Sen. Alex
Smith in the Republican primary.
Strangely, the Eisenhower Re-
publicans seem to be lining up
against Ike's ex-aide, who instead
is finding support among the po-
litical disciples of the late Sen.
Joe McCarthy.
Shanley endeared himself to the
Jersey right wing by launching a
McCarthy-like attack on Demo-
cratic Gov. Robert Meyner during
the recent gubernatorial cam-
paign. Shanley tried to link' the
governor with pro-communists by
claimihg he was close to the Amer-
icans for Democratic Action group.
To brand ADA as pro-commu-
nist, Shanley quoted J. Edgar Hoo-
ver who had never even mention-,
ed ADA.
It was also Shanley who in 1953
claimed that the Eisenhower Ad-
ministration had removed "1,456
subversives" from the government.
Later, Shanley was forced to ad-
mit that the 1,456 persons who
had resigned or had been dismiss-
ed had not been adjudged "sub-
versive" at all.
Many QOP leaders believe Shan-
ley's tactics hurt more than helped
the Republican campaign against
Governor Meyner. They want no
more of it in the 19,58 senatorial
campaign.
Note: Democratic leaders are
urging popular Congressman Pete
Rodino to take the Democratic
nomination.
* *. * .
of arms to Tunisia and in the end
proposition: that all three nations
join in tellingBourguiba he could
have the weapons only if he pledg-.
ed not to accept arms from Soviet
bloc ountries. Britain and America
refused.
On Nov. 14, Bourguiba turned
down the French proposal. The
British and American arms were
immediately ordered on their way.
The result was an outpouring of
Indignation by the French public,
Almost unanimously, the French
press charged the nation had been
betrayed and had not even been
notified that the arms shipment
would take place. Gaillard declared
the Atlantic alliance had been
shaken and iext month's summit
meeting of NATO powers im-
periled.
* * -*
IN BRITAIN, the French indig-
nation was at first greeted with an
air of tolerance. But as the out-
pouring continued, tempers grew
short and the cordial atmosphee
between the French Embassy and
the British Foreign Office acquired
a heavy coating of frost.
The French said- and British
and American diplomats denied-
that Bourguiba might have agreed
not to accept communist arms had
Britain and America joined France
in insisting on such a pledge oip
Nov. 13.
In London, a high official in the
foreign office quickly met privately
with American reporters and told
them Gaillard, after the final
French negotiations with Bour-
guiba had failed, actually consent-
ed to the British-American arms
delivery.
This British information officer
said Gaillard made clear he would,
of course, protest the action be-
cause this would be demanded by
popular opinion in France. But the
Briton said this country and Amer-
Ica had been given to understand
the. incident would be passed off
with a formal expression of regret.
On the French side, one high
French embassy official told news-
men France was not even told of
the Oct. 30 delivery date originally
set by British and America.
-Diplomats of all three nations
declined formal comment on the
conflicting versions which were
being circulated - energetically
circulated in "private"-to news-
men.;
OFFICIAL
D3UILETIN
The Daily official Bulttin Is an
official publication of the Univer-
sity of Michigan for *hcb the
Michigan Daily assumes no ed-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Buil-
ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1957
VOL. LXVIII, No. 59
General Notices
The Automobile regulations win be
lifted for Thanksgiving vacation from -
5 p.m. Wed., Nov. 27 until 8 a.m. Mon.,
Dec. 2.
Late Permission: Women students
who at'tend Fortnite on Mon., Nov. 25,
will have 45 minute permission at the
end of the event.',
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Interlocking Vetoes,
By WALTER LIPPMANN
THE LIGHT of what Secretary Dulles and
secretary McElroy have been saying at their
s conferences this week, thescontrolling fact
he discussions about NATO is that we now
ect the Soviet Union to produce-some years
re we do-missiles which can fly the dis-
ce between Russia and America. We are, it
ears, less far behind the Russians in missiles
ch can fly the. shorter distance between
stern Europe and Russia.
herefore, we are proposing to our allies
t we, in cooperation with them, set up
iching sites for medium range missiles in
stern Europe. This, it is believed, will deter
Soviet Union both from launching the
i range missiles against the United States
the medium rangedmissiles against Britain,
,nce, Germany and the, rest of Western
ope.
his will indeed mean a very high degree of
t the President and the Prime Minister
e called "interdependence." Under this ar-
gement our main defense can be used only
ur European allies separately and jointly
sent. Their main defenses can be used only
e, plus the other members of NATO, jointly
. severally consent. This interlocking system,
ch looked at negatively is really a system
of vetoes, is likely to work successfully only
if the issue is an unmistakable, open and fla-
grant aggression against a member of the
NATO organization.
BUT IF THE ISSUE is outside NATO, whether
in Africa, the Middle East, or Eastern Asia,
the interlocking vetoes of the interdependent
system are likely to prevail; NATO is not likely
to have a collective policy. We have seen this
in Korea, Formosa, Suez, Cyprus, and French
North Africa.
This basic situation has led to the search for
formulae. Usually they are df two kinds.
One is to work out theoretically the answers
to all sorts of imaginary situations which might
arise if there were various kinds of trouble.
These exercises, which are the proper business
of military planners, cannot be taken too seri-
ously by statesmen. Except in the case of direct
and overt attack, there are no clear situations
which can be defined in advance, and made the
subject of binding commitments to go' to war.
The alternative is to seek formulae of consul-
tation by which the allies can work out a com-
mon position and a collective line of action.
This must, of course, be attempted. There
should be continual consultation. But we must
not deceive ourselves. There are diverse in-
terests within NATO, and when these interests
are regarded as vital, the greater powers,
though they consult the others, will not feel
themselves bound in all cases to abide by the
Judgment of the others.
STUDENTS OF COLLECTIVE action are, I
think, well aware that the general tendency
of coalitions among sovereign states is to be-
come stalemated and inactive. That is to say,
the veto prevails. Thus, there is a stalemate
in Eastern Asia because the United States
government exercises a steadfast veto against
dealing with Red China. There is therefore no
aa a s lpA nl+v nn the nn pn nprtn ranee-
BY 1957, there quill be 100 mil-
'lion motor vehicles in the United
States, traveling about a trillion
miles a year. Bertram D. Tallamy,
a, soft-spoken, white-haired man
of 56, is seeing to it that we have
highways that will take the traf-
fic. ,
Tallamy is the boss man of Un-
cle Sam's $50-billion superhigh-
way program. As administrator of
the Bureau of Public Roads, it is
his job to keep operations at top
speed on a vast blueprint that
calls for the building of 41,000
miles of new highways connecting
all 48 states, plus the rebuilding
of 750,000 miles of primary and
secondary roads already in use.-.
"Barring unforeseen bottlenecks,
we should have it licked in from
13 to 16 years," says Tallamy, who
built the New York City-Buffalo
Thruway before bringing his en-
gineering tools and know-how to
Washington last year.
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate Inc.)
THERE IS little controversy
about what happened in this.ini-
tial period of the dispute. France
was kept fully informed and was
constantly urged to deal with the
situation herself. But on Sept. 30,
Maurice Bourges-Maunoury was
voted out as premier and for the
next six weeks France wash left
with only a caretaker government.
The controversy which blew up
with such suddenness last week
arose from what took place during
these six weeks.
British and American diplomats
say Christian Pineau, foreign min-
ister in the caretaker government,
agreed in mid-October to the de-
livery of British and American
arms.
The weapons consignment was
assembled and Oct. 30 formally
fixed as the date for delivery. But
at the last minute Pineau pleaded
for a delay on the ground a new
French government, under Felix
Gaillard, would soon be formed
and should be consulted.
* * *
BRITAIN and America accepted
the delay with. an expression of
hope that Gaillard would act
promptly. They set a new weapons
delivery date, Nov. 12.
A high American source says
Gaillard advised Britain and
America Nov. 12 that their arms
would not be needed-that France
would provide the arms by mid-
night that same day.
But the arms were not delivered,
and on the morning of Nov. 13,
Gaillard came .forward with a new
'I
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Landlords,'Intellectual Quietism' D iscussed
£iic4~jau Oi
Parasites *
To The Editor:
ONE HAS but td read The Daily
these last few days, to wonder
with amazement as to what ex-
actly its editors or writers are at-
tempting to accomplish with its
series of articles relating to "the
plight" of the poor landowners
and landlords of Ann Arbor.
Personally, I feel that such
problems are just a farce and that
in reality, such persons are but the
parasites on the finances of the
students in Ann Arbor.
If their problems should be so
great, which I doubt, why is it that
they don't close their doors to the
dollars and cents that annually
flood the city and their bank ac-
counts from the pockets of the
poor and helpless students caught
in such a system that exists here.
IT IS the student, who lives in
povertv. yet at the high price that
money, for our checks are often
refused, but also the deeds and
actions which, we the future citi-
zens of our country and world
community, give today and shall
lead with tomorrow.
We are giving ourselves to gain
an education to help not only our-
selves, but also those who dis-
criminate against us. We have
clear hearts to live with! Do they
and their fattened bank accounts?
My letter is a challange to The
Daily to print and to the kind and
gracious studeits of this great
University to read and think
about. Will our children have the
same problems ,when they come
to Michigan or will we begin now
to clean up the city and our
plight?
-Naylord L. Urshel, '58
Brotherhood . .
To the Editor:
I PON EXAMINATION of Ar.
system should be given credit for
its many services instead of con-
stant condemnation of its minor
faults. "Sweat sessions" and
"pledge raids" like dorm "horse
play" are just the college male's
method of "blowing off steam" and
should be viewed in their proper
light-a small facet of fraternity
life.
-Alan Simmons, '58E
-John Erlanger, '57NR.
Conveyor Belt * . .
To The Editor: )
I'M STANDING on a conveyor4
belt. Here, I am lubricated with
the oil of English. There, a poten-
tiometer is turned with a screw-
driver named calculus. Further on,
one of my bolts is tightened with
a wrench of psychology. Some-
where in the process, I am daubed
with a stain of political science.
As I progress, more potentio-
meters are adjusted, more bolts
This is the position of the dis-
contented student who is aware
of the intellectual quietism that
results from the standardization
process.
* * * -
AN APATHETIC calm has set-
tled over the American college
campus. The University of Michi-
gan is no exception. The sttudent,
as the harbinger of new thought
and as the active solution-seeker
to'unrest, is nearly extinct. This
is simply bceause there is no un-
rest-at least none for the "quiet-
ed" student.
-Indifference to the problems
ouitside of the student's immediate
circle has developed into an in-'
sensitivity to the intellectual quag-
mire in which he is caught.
This letter is not being written
to condone unproductive cynicism,
but rather to catalyze the solidifi-
cation of realistic goals from a
solution of ideals. If you are dis-
contented with the state of affairs
as they are and if you are not
A general meeting of varsity debaters
will be held on Tues., Nov. 26, at 7:30
p.m. in Room 2040, ;Frieze Building. All
interested persons may attend.
Lectures
' The International.Center presents a
series of free illustrated travel talks as
a community service. First in the
series is "Report: Africa." On Sun., Nov.
24 Prof. Chester B. Slawson will show
colored slides and talk on "Develop-
rent of Resources and People." 7:30
p.m., Aud. A., Angell Hall.
Lecture by Dr. Harry Kolsky, visiting
professor of engineering from Brown
University. "Stress-Wave Propagation in
viscoelastic Solids." Auspices of the
Departments of Engineering Mechanics
and Mathematics. Mon., Nov. 25 at 4:00
p.m., Room 311, west Engineering Bldg.
Lecture. "The Solar Corona and the
Interplanetary Gas," by Prof. Sydney
Chapman, International President of
the Special Committee for the Interna-
tional Geophysical Year, Tues., Nov.
26, at 4:00 p.m., in Aud. C, Angell Hall.
Third and final lecture in the series
"Soviet Union and Eastern Europe," en-
titled "Recent Travelers' Reports on
Poland," at 8 P.M. Tues.,, (Nov. 26) in
Aud. B, Angell Hall. Chairman will be
'rof. william B. Ballis, of the Depart-
nient of Political Science, and the fol-
lowing speakers: Prof. James O. Ferrell,
r
Editorial Staff
PETER ECKSTEIN, Editor
WES ELSMAN, JR. VERNON NAHRGANG
Editorial Director City Editor
NA HANSON ........Personnel Director
MY MORRISON..............Maga ine Editor
ARD GERULDSEN .. Associate Editorial Director
LIAM HANEY .....................Features Editor
El PEILBERGC3................. Activities Editor
O, PRINS....... Associate PersonnelDirector
ES BAAD ................ Sports Editor
CE BENNETT ...........Associate Sports Editor
N HILLYER............ Associate Sports Editor
I