SUNDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1951
PAGE FOUR
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
British Elections
DORIS FLEESON:
Irantian
The Week's News
. ..IN RETROSPECT . . .
. . .
Labor
MOST BRITISH and American conserva-
tives are saying, "See, I told you so,"
as they point smugly to Churchill's recent
victory.
However, the Conservative win by no
means indicates that the English have
suddenly turned full force against the
Labor Party and its socialist program.
To the contrary, Labor polled one of its
largest popular votes, claiming one-quarter
of a million more popular votes than the
Conservatives. But, as in the U.S., the final
determiner of a legislative majority rests in
the distribution of seats in Parliament.
Here again the Tory victory does not re-
veal any kind of mass revolt opposing social-
ism, since the Conservatives will go into the
House of Commons with less than a 25 seat
majority.-
Another encouraging sign of the elec-
tion is the return to Parliament of Aneurin
Bevan and his supporters. Bevan, known
as the "left wing" of the Labor Party, is
one of those rare liberals who still passion-
ately believes that there is a great danger
in "turning over the complicated machin-
ery of modern industry to war too quickly."
Bevan refers here to an arms program
which would be allowed to squeeze out
social legislation.
But in spite of these hopeful signs of the
election, the fact remains that Churchill is
now Prime Minister and the Conservative
party is the new British government.
What course the Tories will take is nebu-
lous. Their campaign consisted mostly of
"me-tooism" with the added promise that
"we'll do it better."
Certainly the Conservatives cannot go
backwards as regards domestic policy. The
only over-all change which will probably take
place in the basic socialistic character of
Britain will be ashalting of further socialist
measures, and a modification of the steel
nationalization program.
Foreign policy is another matter. In his
victory statement Churchill said that his
government will put Britain back where
she belongs not only in England but across
the seas.
Commentator Fulton Lewis Jr. offered,
with his usual shortsightedness, "This sounds
like the old Britain."
That is precisely the trouble, for the "old
Britain" can no longer exist in all its glories
of colonialism.
The Labor Government seemed to be
aware of this when it withdrew troops from
Iran. Churchill, hanging on to flimsy threads
of past days, refuses to acknowledge that the
once willing subjects of British domination
are revolting in a wave of justifiable demands
for independence.
The Labor Government also has shown
no fear in acting as a steadying hand upon
United States foreign policy.
Attlee's government, ignoring the U.S.
policy, recognized Red China and refused
recognition. to Franco Spain. When the
atom bomb scare arose here last winter, it
was the British Labor Government which
sent a note to President Truman expressing
its opposition to using the A-bomb in China.
Churchill, on the other hand, has con.
stantly revealed a willingness to ape Ameri.
can foreign policy which he apparently does
not see as sometimes dangerously unwise.
Of course, in spite of Churchill's for.
eign policy, the Labor Party's cries of "war
party" can not be taken too seriously.
Churchill, like the rest of our national
leaders, does not want war. But the ques-
tion is, will the Conservatives as much as
possible take the proper steps for peace.
With Winston Churchill wielding the "big
stick," that seems doubtful.
-Alice Bogdonoff
.*
Conservative
By J. M. ROBERTS, Jr.
Associated Press News Analyst
WELL, GREAT BRITAIN is still divided
down the middle, though the middle has
moved slightly to the right.
Winston Churchill, the old warrior in
whom America has great faith, is back as
prime minister.
With Churchill as prime minister and
Anthony Eden as foreign secretary, mutual
Anglo-American confidence will be improved.
The Attlee government has followed a
course of general cooperation with the Unit-
ed States, but there have been many tactical
splits, especially with regard to diplomatic
recognition of Communist China. And Bri-
tain has dragged her feet continuously on
the various programs of international unity
which the United States has sought to foster
in Western Europe. Always in the back-
ground has been the manifesto of Labor
Party leaders-though not including top
government figures-that socialist govern-
ments in Europe were a prerequisite for
British cooperation in such things as the
Schuman plan.
In the long run, British foreign policy
is a policy for Britain, as in any nation,
regardless of who is in power. There is
the feeling in Washington, however, that
whenever a Churchill government might go
against the United States it will be because
of real necessity, uncolored by ideology,
and that he will be better understood by
the American people than was the pale
figure of Attlee.
Churchill may embarrass Truman with
his ideas about top level conferences with
Stalin in an effort to straighten out the
East-West conflict. Truman wants some
Russian action as proof of good intent be-
fore he gets into any more Potsdams. Chur-
chill sees a possible agreement with Stalin
through personal contact as a desirable cli-
max to his whole life.
Churchill will bring to allied councils a
great prescience about the meaning of inter-
national developments. That is what made
him one of the greatest men in the world.
He is not a good compromiser, however, es-
pecially with regard to rising nationalism
among peoples who formerly bowed to Lon-
don.
On the domestic scene Churchill is far less
likely to find new glory, Attlee could hardly
he blamed if he yields with a sign of relief
the problems that beset Britain. Problems
that nobody can do much about as she ad-
justs herself to a new age without the com-
mercial benefits of colonialism.
Now it is up to the conservatives to
prove what they have been claiming--
that even if the problems are not com-
pletely solvable, they can at least be better
administered.
One of the most interesting and import-
ant results of the election to watch for will
be the effect on Aneurin Bevan's extreme
leftist movement within the Labor Party.
Bevan, who has been described by some ob-
servers of the British scene, in an oversim-
plification, as'"slightly right of Tito," cane
through the voting with his cohorts in strong
shape. The majority of the Labor Party
has proved less cohesive. How far this solid
and vociferous minority can go in taking
over the party may yet play a vital role in
the future of Britain.
"AMONG ALL the strange things that
men have forgotten the most universal
and catastrophic lapse of memory is that
by which they have forgotten that they are
living on a star."
-G. K. Chesterton
Solution
W ASHINGTON - Iran's fabulous Prime
Minister is getting the full treatment
here from President Truman and Secretary
of State Acheson but even the suggestion
of solutions to the oil crisis cannot be ex-
pected until after the British elections.
Iran has been overshadowed by the
anti-British outbreaks in Egypt and Mr.
Truman's Vatican maneuver but her oil
resources are nevertheless a western-world
asset that defense planners declare must
not for a moment be neglected. The an-
swer made to their anxious questions is
about as follows: the affair must not "get
out of balance" prior to the British elec-
tions; meanwhile everything possible is
being done to put Dr. Mossadegh in a re-
ceptive frame of mind for that day when
we learn what British Prime Minister we
must deal with.
So determined is the State Department
to be discreet- it will not admit that it is
preparing a plan of action, bitterly as it has
been criticized for past failures in the plan.
ning section.
The apparent vacuum meanwhile has
tempted the international co-operative al-
liance whose U.S. member, the Co-operative
League, is headed by Murray Lincoln of
Columbus, Ohio, a ranking agricultural
spokesman of considerable political influence
with the Truman administration.
Lincoln has enlisted the support of two
cabinet members, Secretaries Brannan of
Agriculture and Sawyer of Commerce, for
the co-operative alliance proposal which
he and the international president, a Mr.
Johanson of Sweden, put before Dr. Mos-
sadegh in New York. Secretary Brannan
for one took it to the President who refer-
red him to Acheson. There, for the time
being, the customary "do not disturb" sign
has been hung on it,
The first Alliance plan which Messrs. Lin-
coln and Johanson discussed with Dr. Mos-
sadegh and Britain's United Nations dele-
gate, Sir Gladwyn Jebb, proposed that the
Alliance's 16 member companies operate the
Iranian wells and allow the Anglo-Iranian
Company to carry their output away in its
tankers. The operation, they said, could be
directed jointly by the Iranian Government,
the Alliance and Anglo-Iranian.
Dr. Mossadegh said No.
Last Friday, an Alliance alternative was
put forward. It proposed that the Alliance
operate the Iranian wells on a caretaker
basis which would include maintenance of
the oil wells and refining facilities plus such
production as was necessary to accomplish
this end which would be about 50 per cent.
Anglo-Iranian was excluded from this plan.
The main arguments made for it by Mr.
Lincoln were:
1. It would get rid of the monopoly flavor
of the Anglo-Iranian operation.
2. It would inject into the picture the
smaller neutral countries which Iran does
not distrust. For example, announcement of
it would come from Alliance headquarters
in Copenhagen, Denmark, not from London
or Washington.
3. It would provide time for further
negotiations and a cooling-off period dur-
ing which the priceless oil properties would
not be disintegrating.
Dr. Mossadegh seemed slightly less ada-
mant to this suggestion. He did invariably
take one firm position which probably the
British and Americans must reconcile them-
selves to: the Iranian government must be
the dominant partner.
"Hey ... . they closed the Orient!"
* * *
HOMECOMING Day started off inauspiciously with gray skies and
light rain. It got grayer when Minnesota's Ron Engel streaked
all the way back with the opening kickoff for a Minnesota touchdown.
But then the skies cleared-and the Homecoming crowd was treated
to a dazzling Wolverine offense the likes of which haven't been seen
since Crisler's '47 wonder team. A goodly crop of gregarious drunks
had trouble holding the attention of the fans, as Perry, Bradford,
Oldham, Pickard and Putich made one electrifying run after another.
Some celebrated last night with Elliot Lawrence at SL's Homecoming
Dance-many others stayed at home with their "little Brown Jugs."
But this was the grand climax to the Weekend. Through the
week, students worked furtively by night building their Homecoming
Displays-Saturday morning, homecoming alums found the town had
also beentinvaded during the night by a race of papier-mache foot-
ball giants.
Almost lost in the sea of displays and long touchdown runs. was
a plea by a Marshall, Mich., women's alumnae group for football de-
emphasis in a big way-withdrawal from the Big Ten if need be. But
de-emphasis programs never follow on the heels of a game like yes-
terday's.
DAILY GROWTH-The Daily took a new hop and a surprise skip
this week, as we jumped into two new projects. Beginning Monday
night, The Daily took to the air with a new five minute midnight local
news broadcast over WHRV. Then yesterday, The Daily entered the
ten cent program business, as' a surprise solution to the chronic dis-
pute over the cardboard rosters.
BIAS STUDY BEGINS-The Inter Fraternity Council-Student
Legislature committee to study the bias clause question and come up
with a plan to replace the "meaningless" IFC resolution recently wiped
from the books was appointed this week. The report will be due
Dec. 4.
TAFT-FOR-PRESIDENT - The Taft presidential juggernaut
gained momentum this week, as the formation of a "Law Students
for Taft" club on campus was announced. The membership was limi-
ted to lawyers to keep the club "down. to a workable size." Mean-
while, hints of an opposition arose-vague whisperings about a rival
Eisenhower club floated about campus.
* * * *
DARK VICTORY-The Conservatives got a tenuous six-seat toe-
hold on a parliamentary majority this week in a bitter-calm election
but Labor still held an edge in popular vote. Doughty old Winston
Churchill, who returned to the prime minister's post after six years
of Attlee government, had really won a lemon, opined some experts
With dollar deficits, crises in Egypt and Iran, and a plethora of cold-
war inspired troubles ahead, it looked as if Labor might bewell out
of it.
MATOER OF FACt
By STEWART ALSOP
WASHINGTON-The professional politicians in the Democratic
party are just about as nervous, nowadays, as so many cats on
hot bricks. The members of the repl inner circle-the fathers of the
party as it were-have thought for some time that they knew what
was going to happen, and have been pleased with what they thought
they knew.
In brief, they thought they knew that at some suitable mo-
ment before the new year, Secretary of State Dean G. Acheson
would lay down his heavy burden, making a place at the State
Department for Chief Justice Fred Vinson. This, they expected,
would in turn be only the preliminary for the President to lay
down his burden, passing the Democratic nomination to his old
friend, the Chief Justice - Secretary of State.
This particular move in the game of political musical chairs has
been discussed often enough before. It can now be stated, however,
that some of those who have discussed it were not indulging in mere
empty speculation.
Six months or so ago in fact, the President actually, signified his
intention not to seek a third term, and declared his preference for
the Chief Justice as his successor. He also indicated his intention
to prepare the Chief Justice for the race by allowing him, so to speak,
to use the State Department as a judicial disrobing room, where he
could conveniently make the transition from the high formality of
the supreme bench to the undress of rough and tumble politics.
* * * *
BECAUSE a group of Democratic insiders close to the President and
the Chief Justice were aware that these signs and significations
had been given, they believed that the Democratic party's future was
fairly cut and dried. They thought the Chief Justice could beat any
Republican candidate but Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. They thought
he would make a good President. They were generally pleased with
the prospect, as they understood it.
They are nervous now, for a very simple reason. The Chief
Justice has also signified to his old political friends, that he will
NOT leap from the supreme bench straight into party politics.
Some sort of a disrobing room is essential for him. The State
Department appears to be the only one available. For it is In-
conceivable that the President will replace Robert A. Lovett at
the Defense Department, where the new Secretary is so brilliantly
tackling his gigantic task; and it is equally inconceivable that the
Chief Justice will leave the court to go back to the Treasury,
where he was before his elevation.
Thus the Acheson-Vinson switch is regarded as being the ines-
capable prelude to the Truman-Vinson switch. And those who have
been looking to see the Chief Justice as the Democratic candidate in
1952 are now beginning to fear that the whole project will die aborn-.
ing, because there is nothing to suggest that the Acheson-Vinson,
switch is going to be made.
At least, if the Chief Justice is to replace the Secretary of State
before the new year as anticipated, there are only two months left to
arrange the matter. And the President, who indicated his intentions
on this point a good many months ago, has more recently been not-
ably silent about them.
SUCH is the background. Perhaps the professionals, in considering
this background, have paid too little attention to the foreground,
and especially to the peculiar relationship between the President and
Dean Acheson. Those close to Acheson still appear to be convinced
that he has no intention of leaving his office. Yet they also say that
the failure of the Senate to confirm his friend, Philip Jessup, has
been the worst blow that Acheson has received to date. And there
is no doubt at all that if a truce is arranged in Korea, and Acheson
comes back from his present journey to Paris and Rome in a posi-
tion to claim successes abroad, a new situation will exist in which
Acheson can retire gracefully, not "under fire."
Perhaps one last set of factors should also be considered by the
eager bettors. Within the White House itself, while Mrs. Truman
continues to urge the President not to run again, the professional
zinhabitants of the executive woodwork are urging the President to
t'ake the opposite course. They do this naturally, because their live-
lihoods and their self-importances depend upon Truman. But here
again, there is a balance of forces, between the cronies and the Presi-
dent's wife, so that here also there is uncertainty.
(Copyright, 1951, New York Herald Tribune, Inc.)
(
5
i
ON THE
Washington Merry-Go-Round
WITH DREW PEARSON
GEN. RIDGWAY'S GENIUS
T HAS BEEN OBSCURED by the' public's
general apathy toward the Korean war,
but the fact remains that Gen. Matthew
Ridgway is emerging as one of the outstand-
ing military leaders of recent time.
His accomplishments do not make spec-
tacular headlines, because he does not go
in for sudden dashes and grandiose press
communiques. Nevertheless by careful or-
ganization and training he has cut casual-
ties to a minimum, continued to gain
ground, and done an amazing job of train-
ing Korean troops. These in turn have
relieved American and other U.N. forces.
The South Koreans have always been the
weakest link in the U.N. line. They fought
like tigers while winning, but ran like rab-
bits when the tide turned. Every time a
South Korean division stampeded under fire,
it left the American flanks wide open to
Communist infiltration.
Ridgway has changed all this. He did so
by first interspersing South Korean units
with American units to give the South Kor-
eans experience fighting side by side with
veteran G.I.s He also assigned South Kor-
eans to count the Chinese dead, so they
might overcome their psychological fear of
the Chinese.
Next, Ridgway broke up the South Kor-
.._ J1 .- - -- _,- reb ii~irra-i G an
trained English-speaking Koreans as artil-
lery spotters and liaison men to improve the
ground-air teamwork between the South
Korean divisions and the Air Force. The
total result has been that Ridgway has
changed a turntail South Korean army into
a tough fighting force.
This is best indicated by the Korean bat-
tle communiques. A few months ago these
kept the location of South Korean divisions
top secret for fear the enemy would con-
centrate on them. Now their location is
openly reported. For what was once the
weak South Korean link is now as steel-
strong as any other link in Ridgway's line.
Note-During the last all-out Commun-
ist offensive, the sixth South Korean di-
vision caved in and left a gaping hole in
the line. Remembering this, the Chinese
struck again at the Sixth Division early
this month, .hitting with everything they
had. This time the South Koreans held
tenaciously. After smoke of battle had
cleared up, they actually counted 2,000
Chinese dead compared with 20 South
Korean dead.
This may mean that the Korean ground
war eventually can be turned over to the
South Koreans, and many of the American
ground divisions can be pulled out of Korea
altogether. The Air Force, however, will
have t oremain.
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily°
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only.
BARNES CONNABLE: Night Editor
Owen Brewster, Republican, is trying to
persuade fellow Republicans in West Vir-
ginia to nominate ex-Secretary of Defense
Louis Johnson, a Democrat, for senator next
year. (The two have worked together sub
rosa for a long time as friends of Pan
American Airway.) . . . Senate investigators,
checking reports of widespread gambling by
servicemen, around Great Falls, Mont.,
found a great deal of prostitution, but not
much gambling.
DRY LOBBY SCORES
TE BREWERIES are screaming over a
fast one pulled on them by South Caro-
lina's fast-working Sen. Olin Johnston.
Thanks to Johnston, temperance organiza-
tions now get cheap postal rates-together
with a new lease on life in waging the battle
of prohibition.
For the senator from South Carolina, him-
self a dry, quietly slipped temperance litera-
ture alongside religious, educational and
philanthropic literature when the Senate
was voting the postal concessions. No one
noticed that temperance literature was in
the bill until the Senate-House conferees
came across it while ironing out differences
between the Senate and House bills.
Now the breweries are really screaming.
RUSSIAN WEAPONS
S. AMBASSADOR KIRK, just returned
from Moscow, has personally warned
-- - - - A a a P
International . .
MUDDLE EAST-The Iranian charter member of the "Lion's
Tail-Twisting Society" seemed amenable to sweet reason but the
other leading participant, Egypt, was just getting more and more
frustrated. After talks with President Truman and Secretary of State
Acheson, Iran's Premier Mossadegh summoned Kazem Habibi, his top
oil expert, from Tehran to Washington, leading observers to hope
that a settlement was in the offing.
But bandwagon tail-twister Egypt was having no such luck.
Refusing to issue Suez clearance to British shipping, Egypt stood
helplessly by while the British vessels steamed through the locks under
the protecting guns of warships. Riots, protests and an omnious con-
ference between Egypt's premier and the Soviet Ambassador, brought
only additional reinforcement to British garrisons.
GIVE AND TAKE-The current battle line would have to be the
basis of any armistice boundary, UN negotiators told their Communist
opposite numbers as truce-talkers met for the first time at the new
Panmunjom site this week. So far Red delegates have shown no sign
of budging from demands for a 38th parallel settlement but neither
have they left off talking.
National .. .
CHURCH AND STATE-A long-quiescent neuron of the Ameri-
can nervous system this week demonstrated loudly that it wasn't
dead yet. President Truman's nomination of Gen. Mark Clark as
this country's first ambassador to the Vatican started a hassle which
showed signs of sputtering till the Senate reconvenes in January.
Impressed by the fuss, the president announced that he would not at-
tempt a recess appointment, would wait for Senate decision.
AND SO TO BED-The 82nd Congress, the "Investigating Con-
gress," finally got around to passing tax and appropriation bills. The
bad news: nearly six billion dollars in new taxes, 13 billion dollars in
appropriations, including seven billion in foreign military and eco-
nomic aid. President Truman signed all three measures with several
misgivings. Congress then shut up shop and went fencemending until
the January session.
STRUCK STEVEDORES-Sullen inactivity pervaded New York
wharfs and docks where everything from rotting bananas to vital war
material sat-immobilized by a wildcat strike of insurgent dock work-
ers. At week's end union leaders, ace-mediator Clyde Mills and a
presidential appeal to the recalcitrant workers had failed to put
Humpty-Dumpty together again. Already there were dark mutterings
of possible use of the Taft-Harley law or, extremely drastic, a procla-
mation of national emergency to get the giant port pumping again,
-Zander Hollander and Crawford Young
Xettep4
TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communica-
tions from its readers on matters of
general interest, and will publish all
letters which are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding
300 words in length, defamatory or
libelous letters, and letters which for
any reason are not in good taste will
be condensed, edited or withheld from
publicationt at the discretion of the
editors.
Kefauver .. .
To the Editor:
WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, hav-
ing attended the recent lec-
ture at Hill Auditorium given by
Senator Kefauver of Tennessee
and having profited much from
attending this lecture and being
mature students at the University
of Michigan wishing to consider
all points of view on vital issues
such as crime in America, do
hereby suggest that the University
Oratorical Society invite to speak
on this campus, an individual
whose views will more fully ac-
quaint us with this problem, Mr.
Frank Costello of New York City.
-E. Sterling Sader and others
MONEY may buy the husk of
many things, but not the ker-
nel. It brings you food, but not
appetite, medicine but not health,
acquaintances but not friends,
servants but not faithfulness, days
of joy but not peace or happiness.
--Henrik Ibsen
EXPERIENCE is not what hap-
pens to a man. It is what a
man does with when happens to
him.
-Aldous Huxley
Ig
Sixty-Second Year
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BARNABY
Well, m'boy, ASK him what he sees in the
fal-c-r .He , msnea FnnWish, doen't he?
What were you barking at?
Why would I bark of something I
know? See? Now we're arguing-
i