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WEATHER
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VOL. LV, No. 84 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN WEDNESDAY, FEB. 14, 1945
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Siegfried
Breach Is
Widened
British, Canadians
Drive Beyond Keve
By The Associated Press
PARIS, Feb. 13-Widening their
breach in the Siegfried Line between
the Maas river and the Rhine, British
and Canadian troops today drove be-
yond Keve, emerged from the east-
ern edge of the Reichswald and,
south of the forest, established a
bridgehead over the Niers River.
Approximately 1,000 British planes
slashed at Nazi forces confronting
Field Marshal Sir Bernard L. Mont-
gomery's troops on this northern sec-
tor of the western front.
Third Army Active
More than 100 miles to the south,
the U. S. Third Army sent elements
of three divisions pouring through a
new break in Hitler's westwall south
of Pruem, while other doughboys
drove the last Germans from the soil
of Luxembourg.
Canadian "water rats" in the nor-
thern sector, entered Greithausen,
less than a mile from the Rhine and
300 airline miles from Berlin, in what
was described as the heaviest enemy
forces now swelled to seven divisions
at the expense of other western front
sectors.
The day's heaviest fighting took
place in the muddy terrain east of
Kleve, where the Nazis battled fierce-
ly to keep the British from pushing
beyond the Siegfried Line's second
belt of fortifications.
Bridgehead Won
South of Kleve British troops won a
bridgehead over the Niers River some
2,000 yards east of the captured
stronghold of Gennep and were re-
ported steadily enlarging it tonight.
An armored patrol fought into Hom-
mersum, three miles southeast of
Gennep. The entire area was heav-
ily sown with mines.
For almost the first time since Field
Marshal Sir Bernard L. Montgomery
opened his powerful offensive last
week, Allied tactical planes were able
to give the attacking troops extensive
support.
Boer Is Obstacle
With the flooded Roer River still
forming a menacing obstacle to any
operations by three Allied armies
drawn up aloig its ranks, the double-
barreled assault by Montgomery's
forces in the north and Patton's at
the center carried the entire weight
of Gen. Eisenhower's offensive in the
West.
Despite the Nazis' intensive resist-
ance, the British Empire offensive
had advanced from 10 to 12 miles,
pushed through the main Siegfried
defenses and the dense timberland of
the Reichswald, cleared the import-
ant communications center of Kleve
and captured well over 5,000 prison-
ers.
While Patton's Fifth and 80th Divi-
sions were consolidating their new
breach in the Siegfried defenses south
of Pruem, other Third Army troops
cleared Vianden-driving the last
Nazi troops from Luxembourg. .
Fourth Infantry Division completed
mopping up Pruem after repulsing
two strong German counterattacks
with heavy losses.
Students Invite
Forum on Flat
Hat' Publication
WILLIAMSBURG, Va., Feb. 13-'
(A)-An invitation to the Board of
Visitors of the College of William and
Mary to discuss at an open forum
the question of continued publication
of the Flat Hat, college weekly news-
paper, without faculty supervision
has been extended by the student
body.
The request for the meeting fol-
lowed action of the Board Sunday in
directing the faculty to investigate
circumstances regarding the publica-
tion of an editorial in the Flat Hat
on race relations in the future, writ-
ten by its 22-year-old undergraduate
editor, Miss Marilyn Kaemmerle,
Jackson, Mich.
CAMPUS EVENTS
Feb. 15 Three forums on veterans
problems to be held at 8
p. m. at Jones, Slauson
and Tappan Junior High
School.
Feb. 16 Daily ceases publication.
Yanks Take Cavite
Base, Nichols Field
MacArthur Says End of Jap Garrison,
Trapped in Manila District Is 'in Sight'
By The Associated Press
MANILA, Wednesday, Feb. 14-Capture of the Cavite naval base and
Nichols Airfield were announced today by Gen. Douglas MacArthur, who
said the end of Japan's trapped Manila garrison was "in sight."
Capture of the Cavitennaval base put the Yanks on the shores of
Manila Bay for the first time.
Nichols Field Cleared
The 11th Airborne Division cleared Nichols Field, at the southern out-
skirts of Manila, and occupied the Cavite naval base several miles to the
southwest.
Ten Japanese seaplanes and a bat-
t
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'BIG THREE' IN CONFERENCE AT YALTA PALACE, CRIMEA-Prime Minister Winston Churchill (back to camera, lower left),
Marshal Joseph Stalin (second from left around table) and President Franklin D. Roosevelt (right rim of table) with members of their
staffs as they met in conference at Yalta Palace, Crimea. To the le ft of President Roosevelt are Adm. William Leahy and Gen. George
C. Marshall.
ery of three-inch guns were captured
intact.
MacArthur said the 37th Division
was closing in on the Japanese garri-
son trapped in the old intramuros
district of south Manila, where the
enemy is making his "final stand."
Heavy bombers dropped more than
150 tons of explosives on Corregidor
Fortress at the extreme end of Manila
Bay, scoring hits on four heavy gun
batteries, while attack bombers rak-
ed southern Bataan installations and
sank six enemy fuel and ammunition
barges.
Casualties Announced
MacArthur announced enemy cas-
ualties of more than 68,000 for the
five weeks of the Luzon campaign, as
against American casualties of 2,102
killed, 192 missing and 7,389 wounded
-A total of 9,683.
Off Bataan Peninsula, fighter
planes sank six enemy barges laden
with fuel and ammunition and on
the peninsula poured strafing bullets
into Nipponese concentrations.
In air operations in the southern
Philippines, Mitchell bombers de-
stroyed or damaged four small Japa-
nese vessels at the waterfront of
Zamboanga on Mindanao Island and
blew up a fuel tank. The Padao air-
drome near Davao on the' same island
was cratered.
Dobbie Recalls
,'Trust in God'
'Big Three' Is
Denounced b
London Poles
Leaders Accused of
Violating Atlantic Pact
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Feb. 13-The Polish
Government in London, bitterly de-
nouncing the 'Big Three', announced
tonight that it was refusing to ac-
cept the decisions regarding Poland
made at the Crimean Conference and
accused President Roosevelt, Prime
Minister Churchill and Marshal Sta-
lin of violating the Atlantic Charter.
A 500-word statement from Pre-
mier Tomas Z. Arciszewski of the
London Government, issued exactly
24 hours after the British Foreign
Office had released the text of the
Big Three Polish agreement, said
the big powers' intention to create'
a provisional government of na -
tional unity for Poland "can only
legalize Soviet interference in Pol-
ish internal affairs."
The London Poles complained that
the Big Three Conference reached its'
decision not only without partici-
pation and authorization of the Lon-
don government, but also without its#
knowledge.
More Vict"ory
BaliTckets -To
'BeSold Today
Three hundred and fifty more
tickets go on sale from 9 a.m. to
2 p.m. today at the center of the
diagonal for the Third Annual Vic-
tory Ball, to be held Friday, March
9, at the Intramural Sports Building.
If any of the 350 remain unsold at
12 p.m., they may be purchased until
5 p.m. in the Union lobby, Norma
Johnson, director of ticket sales,
declared yesterday.
900 Already Sold
Of the limited number of 1,500 tick-
ets available, already nearly 900 have
been sold, 310 of which have been
taken by social fraternities on cam-
pus.
As a special attraction for the
V-Ball, Assembly, the campus inde-
pendent women's organization, hasj
arranged to have a coke stand in the
lobby of the IM Building for the
dance. The concession has been
planned in response to the general
campus request for refreshments dur-
ing the evening.
Assembly Does Part
"Because we feel that the V-Ball
is one of the biggest social affairs on
campus, Assembly is more than anx-
ious to do its part in making this
dance as enjoyable as possible," Flor-
P~n WTilbkins cAssembly prient.
CRIMEAN CQNFERENCE DESCRiBED: Prof. Maddy
Byrnes Reports on Aims of US Raps Petrillo's
Participation Followino Parley B Musi
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Feb. 13-In a dramatic first-hand account of the
Crimean conference, James F. Byrnes declared tonight that American
participation in the affairs of Europe is designed to prevent :Russian-
British rivalry for spheres of influence.
Byrnes, just back from the Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin conferencej
gave the account to newsmen as the White House announced a bi-partisan
slate of American delegates chosen to attend the United Nations parley
at San Francisco April 25 to draft a:"-___ _____
plan for.enforcing world peace. rations Commite Senator Vanden-
Violence To Be Deterreda
Byrnes, War Mobilization Director,
said another aim of American partici-
pation in European affairs, is to deter
outbreaks of violence in liberated
countries.
President Roosevelt himself, Byrnes
disclosed, wrote the declaration on
liberated areas by which this country
agrees to share with the other two
powers responsibility for restoringor-
der and independence to the war rav-
aged small nations.
The mobilization chief expressed
his conviction that the Crimean
agreements had gone a long way
toward guaranteeing an Atlantic
Charter settlement for the small
countries of Europe and a lasting
peace for the world.,
Conflict Will (crow
The military decisions of the con-
ference, he said, mean that our mili-
tary leaders are planning for a warI
involving "more men than ever be-!
fore in this conflict."E
In describing the role played by
the President with "great skill, tact,
patience and humor," Byrnes said
that he served by informal agreement
as chairman of the conference andt
that he proposed at least two of the
specific agreements covered in yes-
terday's communique summing up ac-
complishments.I
Immediately after his news confer-
ence at the White House broke up
President Roosevelt through his press
office announced the names of nine
persons invited to be delegates to the
San Francisco conference.I
Delegates Named
Secretary of State Stettinius will
head the delegation. Other members
chosen are former secretary of State
Cordell Hull, who also will serve as
senior advisor, Chairman Connally
(D.-Tex.) of the Senate Foreign Re-
berg (R.-Mich.) a member of the
Committee, Chairman Bloom (D.-
N.Y.) of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee, Representative Eaton
(R.-N.J.), Commander Harold Stas-
sen, former Republican governor of
Minnesota, and Dean Virginia Gil-
dersleeve of Barnard College.
Nazis To Resist
Yalta Decison
LONDON, Feb. 13.--/P'-Nazi lead-
ers summoned the invaded German
nation today to "resist to the last
breath Yalta's Magna Charta for
the pauperization and misery of Eur-
ope," and a German foreign office
spokesman declared, "Millions of us
STOCKHOLM, Feb. 13--('P-
Geiman civilians have been or-
dered to surrender all types of
weapons to authorities before Feb.
20 by a decree which indicated not
only the need for arms at the
fronts but also governmental ap-"
prehension over the possibility of a
revolt on, the home front, Swedish
correspondents said today.
will wage guerrilla warfare; every
German before he dies will try to
take five or ten enemies with him to
the grave."
The spokesman, Dr. Paul Schmidt,
was quoted by the German radio as
making this pronouncement to for-
eign correspondents, saying that he
thought the Allied Big Three com-
munique was "excellent, for it helps
German leaders to maintain and.
strengthen war morale."
lnterlocllen Will Hold
Session This Summer
"Petrillo's ban on broadcasts of In-
terlochen student concerts is a boy-
cott of music education," declared
Prof. Joseph E. Maddy, director of the
National Music Camp, yesterday fol-
lowing the introduction of legisla-
tion against the ban by Rep. Hoff-
man (Rep., Mich.)
Placed on the "unfair list" by AFM
(American Federation of Musicians)
of which James C. Petrillo is presi-
dent, Interlochen will, nevertheless,
continue its regular session this sum-
mer, probably with its usual teach-
ing staff, according to Prof. Maddy.
Maddy To Present Case
Prof. Maddy will present the
Camp's case against the ban before
a House committee sometime in the
next two weeks. He testified pre-
viously on "The Battle for Freedom
of the Air" at a hearing of the Sen-
ate Interstate Commerce Committee
on March 20, 1944, also concerned
! with the banning of broadcasting by
all school bands and orchestras in
July, 1942.
"This issue affects the rights of all
the children of America, - rights
guaranteed American citizens by the
Constitution of the United States," he
asserted in that testimony.
Ban Called Retaliation
Describing Petrillo's ban of the
student broadcasts as a "personal re-
taliation against me," Prof. Maddy
said that he will fight it put in the
hope that other small music unions
throughout the country will join in
the battle against the dictator of
AEM, Petrillo, in issuing the ban
through the AFTM, accused Prof. Mad-
dy of making statements detrimental
to the musicians' union. The radio
music instructor, however, said he
merely aired his dislike of the music
boss.
The Cedar Rapids, Ia. local musi-
cians' union has wired its intention
to present a resolution opposing the
ban. If other unions follow this ex-
ample the bill now reintroduced in
lCongress will be passed, Prof. Maddy
believes.
In Malta
Siege
"It is not vain to out our trust in
the living God even in the hectic
times of the 20th century," was the,
reminder earnestly voiced by Lt.-Gen.;
Sir William Dobbie, recalling the,
trust he had put in the Almighty
during the siege of Malta, as he spoke
last night at Hill Auditorium on "The
Defense of Malta."
Speaking of the 2,300 bombing,
raids the virtually isolated Mediter-
ranean island suffered for two and a
half years of enemy attack, Gen.
Dobbie had only the highest praise
for the military and civilian defend-
ers of Malta.
Island Given George Cross
As commander in chief of Malta,
it was he who accepted on behalf of
the island's defenders the George
Cross, the greatest award for valor
offered by the British government,
unique in that Malta is the only com-
munity as such ever to receive the
distinction.
"If we had not been able to hold
Malta during the early days of the
war when the British Empire stood
alone, the whole strategy of the war
would have crumbled completely.
Egypt quite probably would have fall-
en, and the Big Three would have
been in no position today to meet to
determine the finishing touches on
the defeat of Germany," the General
asserted.
Malta was an essential link, he
said, in that as an offensive base it
was effectively used to hinder enemy
communication - and to disrupt the
flow of men and supplies for the
axis North African campaign.
Malta's 'Three Dangers'
"At all times on Malta, we had
three real dangers to face: invasion
by the enemy, which in view of Mal-
ta's strategic position, seemed most
logical; ' continued bombing of the
island; and the lack of an adequate
food supply," Gen. Dobbie pointed
out.
The first two dangers were suc-
cessfully met and passed, but the
third was always present on the is-
land that must have nine tenths of
its food and all of its other materials
brought in from the outside. At oneE
time during the worst stages of the
siege, 14 merchant ships and a naval
convoy left Gibraltar with food for
Malta. Only three managed to reach
Budapest Falls
After 49 Days
Street Fighting
Reds Slash Ten Miles
Westward in Silesia
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Feb. 13.-The shattered
remains of Budapest fell to the Red
Army today after 49 days of street
fighting that cost the enemy 49,000
men killed and 110,000 captured in
the greatest individual disaster since
Stalingrad, while some 300 miles to
the northwest the Russians slashed
ten miles farther westward through
German Silesia toward Dresden.
Premier Stalin announced the Bu-
dapest victory in an order of the day.
The regular nightly communique, re-
iterating the announcement, added
that the first Ukraine army of Mar-
shal Ivan S. Konev had taken an-
other 150 towns in Silesia, reached
the Queis River at several points and
driven within 70 miles of Dresden,
capital of Saxony.
Operations Veiled
The communique was silent con-
cerning operations on the front dir-
ectly east of imperilled Berlin, where
the Germans said the Russians had
made gains -of a mile and a quarter,
but it announced five and six-mile
advances in the continued clean-up
of the Polish Corridor some 40 mile
northwest of Bydgoszcz.
Budapest's fall, with its staggering
loss in manpower -to the Germans
and a list of captured equipment that
included such items as 269 tanks,
1,257 cannon and 46 stores of food
and ammunition, was credited by
Premier Stalin to Marshals Rodion
Y. Malinovsky and Feodor Tolbukhin
of the second -and third Ukraine
armies, which cooperated in the long
operation.
The order described Budapest as
"a strategically important German
defense center on the road to Vien-
na." It was the seventeenth Euro-
pean capital lost by the Germans to
the Allies.
Attack Began Nov. 12
Dii'ect attack on the H-ungarian
capital began last Nov. 12 after the
fall of Monor, to the southeast. En-
circlement was completed and Rus-
sian troops drove into the suburbs on
Dec. 27.
Then for 49 flaming days and
nights the Soviets fought through
the streets of the great twin city
astride the Danube, advancing block
by block, house by house and even
room by room against a stubborn
garrison that rejected a surrender
ultimatum by shooting the Russians
who delivered it.
The bag of prisoners was the great-
est in any city since Stalingrad, when
the entire German Sixth Army of
330,000 men was surrendered Feb. 2,
1943, after a six-month battle in
which the besieged Russians turned
the tables on the Germans.
With the publication of Friday's
issue, The Daily will cease publi-
cation for the Fall Term. Publi-
cation will be resumed March 6.
us.-Ad. School
Will
Wi lOrganize
Permanent Post-Wr
Student Body Planned
Planning a permanent student or-
ganization for the post-war School of
Business Administration is ttle func-
tion of the newly-organized tudent
Executive Committee.
The committee, consisting of Ed
Miguelon, president; Margaret Lau-
bengayer, secretary; John Mullaney,
Martin Phalen, and Josephine Frosh,
will serve for three semesters. Insti-
DAILY POLL SAMPLES OPINION:
Campus Favors Post-War Military Traming
By EVELYN PHILLIPS
Results of a scientifically design-
ed sampling of campus opinion, tabu-
lated yesterday, indicate campus ap-
proval of a post-war program of com-
pulsory national service training.
The poll, consisting of random
samplings taken Thursday and Fri-
day, was conducted by The Daily,
with the assistance of Prof. Theo-
dore Newcomb of the sociology de-
The second question which ask-
ed opinion on the type of training
to be given showed that 25 per
cent favored military training ex-
clusively; 71.5 per cent favored
military plus other kinds of train-
ing; and 3.5 per cent expressed
doubt as to the type of program.
The third question asked for opin-
ion on the type of control which a
d'flflll 'i 'flt' ncrvia rinn l Clf t i'rlA
favored a choice of service within a
fixed age range, so that the program
would either precede or follow college
training, varying in individual cases.
Compulsory service at a fixed age,
regardless of educational status, was
favored by 13 per cent and 3 per
cent were doubtful.
Some outstanding differences of
opinion were found in comparisons