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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
OPA Disregarded on Car Tires-
ceter to the &dtor
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an Wallace
ay Dixon
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23 -24-1
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CILCAGO * BosTon . LOs ANGELES * SAN FRANCISCO
, a_ -
NIGHT EDITOR: BOB GOLDMAN
By DREW PEARSON
WASHINGTON.-When War Mobilization Di-
rector Jimmy Byrnes stepped into the price
picture last week with an order extending an-
other four months the premium prices on pas-
senger car tires, he completely disregarded OPA
figures which show there is no excuse for these
high prices.
Believe it or not, on an ordinary 6.00x16 tire,
the motorist will continue to pay an extra
$1.30, despite the fact profits of the tire in-
dustry for the first six months of last year, be-
fore taxes, were 784 per cent of the average
profit for 1936-39. Byrnes, however, yielded to
Army friends close to the tire industry and
Ok'd the continued price boost.
The price premium was granted by OPA last
April as a temporary measure when tiremakers
pleaded use of synthetics and new types of cord
might mean higher production cost. The in-
crease amounted to 8.9 per cent on regular pas-
senger tires, with a 12%'2 per cent differential for
rayon cord. The tire manufacturers then took
their time about preparing a cost study, and it
required pressure from industry, Army and WPB
rubber bureau to stop OPA from rolling back tire
prices in October.
A 60-day extension was granted in October,
whereupon OPA started its own cost study. It
found no justification whatsoever for the
maintenance of the premium prices. In 1943,
it found the big four of tires-Firestone, Good-
year, Goodrich, and U. S. Rubber-showed a
before-taxes profit of $288,105,941 or 799 per
cent better than the average of only $36,057,-
373 from 1936 to 1939. Their profit for the first
six months of 1944 ws $149,262,970, or 828 per
cent better than the 1936-39 average.
The entire industry was only slightly less well
off. Total industry profits averaged $42,408,648
in the 1936-39 period, against $743,159,891 in
1943-743 per cent, and $166,260,518 for the first
six months of last year-784 per cent.
OPA, therefore, prepared to roll-back tire
prices last month, whereupon Byrnes stepped in
and ordered a four-month extension of premium
prices. The extension, he said, was "necessary
to aid in effective prosecution of the war."
Significantly, Byrnes' order followed a meeting
of tire manufacturers with Army Supply Chief-
tain Lieut. Gen. Brehon Somervell. The meeting
was called to devise means of increasing the out-
put of military tires, but one of the three points
agreed upon was price roll-back on civilian tires
be postponed for at least 120 days.
It is no secret in the industry that pressure
has been exercised on the War Department to
aid in beating off the OPA price roll-back. For
weeks Administrator Chester. Bowles and
Deputy James F. Brownlee, former distiller,
who have been the staunchest inflation fight-
ers in Washington, refused to buckle under.
Opposed to Brownlee in Byrnes' office was
Maj. Gen. Lucius Clay, who until a couple of
months ago was Somervell's right hand man.
Note-Keep an eye on General Clay. He is
the man who is really running things as far
as the Byrnes office and WPB are concerned.
Mrs. Bolton Bolts...
FIRST Republican caucus for members of the
new House of Representatives was one of the
most dispirited in years. Attendance was fairly
good, but there was very little enthusiasm.
Minority leader Joe Martin didn't succeed in
raising the esprit de corps tremendously. He
gave a typical old-fashioned between-the-halves
football speech calling for the support for the
GOP leadership. There was nothing wrong with
the speech-it just wsn't very interesting. Mar-
tin, though popular personally, has passed his
peak. Some House Republicans are whispering
laziness and carelessness are robbing him of the
effectiveness he used to have as a speaker. There
was no opposition to Martin's re-election except
that Clare Hoffman of Michigan did not vote.
But neither was there any particular enthusiasm.
Only highlight of the entire session was the
rip-snorting speech of Mrs. Frances Bolton,
wealthy progressive Republican of Cleveland,
Ohio, who charged the President with slighting
Congress by his refusal to address the house in
person and by deciding to hold the inauguration
ceremony at the White House instead of the
capitol.
(Copyright, 1945, by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
IDomiic eSdays
RELIGION as purpose is a theme peculiarly
affected by war. Three aspects must be held
in mind ifrwe would survey it hastily;-its rela-
tion to the will or its future, its basis in the
organism and therefor its past, and the pattern
it takes in human affairs. Before me is the book
by Carl R. Rogers on "Counseling and Psycho-
therapy" which has quite captured the field for
the past two years. Neither the word purpose,
will, or intention appear in the index. Though
absorbed in wholes, devoted to the flow of ex-
perience and intent upon cooperative re-educa-
tion of the self, the author in that index men-
tions neither goal, wish, nor drive. His methods
are in the mood of religion and in the service of
education but he deals with neither of them.
Purpose, is a philosophical and religious consid-
eration not a practical one.
In war an imaginative plan of action or an
aim is dramatized both by the sharp impinge-
ment of events and the long term purpose ac-
cording to which the entire enterprise and our
hour to hour attitudes are shaped. Within the
past three months we in the United States
seem to have lost direction. Before the political
campaign the four freedoms, our democratic
way, the Atlantic Charter and a reconstructed
world engaged us rather generally. The liber-
als won an election, apparently at the expense
of the basic purpose of both the war and the
peace. Human advantage is about that fickle.
Only a purpose seated in, growing out of, or
seeking to complete the intention of God can
hold mankind to a noble course of hope or
action.
The research by Hugh Hartshorne, able re-
ligious and character educator, published with
Hale and others, sets forth four patterns of be-
havior which determine the ability of the youth
in a transition experiences. Certainly for the
millions who moved suddenly from the deep dull
and methodical minimum code of a depression
up to the glamorous, swift and cateclysmic ways
of war is a transition which should require the
winning pattern. What was the winning pat-
tern of transition according to their extensive
search? It was purpose. Those scholars predicted
success for youth who acted on purpose, could
decide, were social, and had insight. For the
youth with whom none of these patterns of be-
havior were well developed, before the transition
experience, they predicted failure.
Such glimpses behind the scenes introduce
the fact that in war the immediate, the prac-
tical, the mechanical, the main chance, the
device or instrument gets over emphasized. In-
trinsic values, the sublime nature of human
life, the good, the true, the beautiful and even
meaning itself are slighted. Here is a task
which no one of us can delegate to officers and
leaders in the United Nations, nor wait for our
statesmen to suggest nor forego, pending the
discretion of a committee. Purpose, on the
part of a person, is between God and man's
soul. It is a vital living thing complete in it-
self. Morale is the group-living of an experi-
ence for which all would die, if need be.
Edward W. Blakeman
Counselor in Religious Education
T AM tired of living in the last two
centuries of political thought. We
who reason must move on. We must
quit thinking in terms of the past.
We must unhitch the horse from our
political buggy and attach one of the
many more modern means of propul-
sion. Here and there there have been
concrete steps into the future. Some
have achieved their desired ends,
Some have failed. These steps have
been economic-not political. Social
security, minimum wage laws, and
federal and state housing projects
are some I might mention.
When we speak of these four
freedoms, freedom from fear, free-
dom of worship, freedom of speech,
and freedom from want, we must
realize that two are mostly polit-
ical, one is religious, and that only
one is economic. That is thinking
in terms of the past. We know now
that without freedom from want
the others have little value. The
Germans had the first three in
some measure after the last war,
but they risked them all and lost
them to someone that promised
them freedom from want.
I should not need to emphasize the
last point. But we who claim to be
intellectuals sometimes forget that
he who is not an intellectual can not
live very well on the kind of food
that is only good for thought. We
waste our time when we try to pro-
vide freedom from fear, freedom of
worship, and freedom of speech for
those-and I fear they are in the
majority-who can -not condemn the
existing administration so eloquently
as we, and who can not go to church
because they have no shoes.
Yes, I am exaggerating. But the
value of the first three freedoms has
been exaggerated for years. It is time
someone took notice of the fourth
freedom, freedom from want, to the
exclusion of the other three. Do I de-
sire the other three? Why certainly,
but if I were as the poor of so many
countries are today and were in the
past I would not be asking for paper
and pencils platforms and churches,
no, I would gladly sell all those for
a plow with which to produce food
and a carpenter's tools with which
to make a shelter. And I would ask
to be shown how to use the things
that I had to the best advantage.
Read that last paragraph again.
Doesn't it give you an idea? And that
idea to put it a little more bluntly
is just this-it is the job of the in-
telligent including those who spend
their time overthrowing governments
or parties, writing long works on the
evils of political systems (including
letters), and expounding of speech
and the written word, it is their job
to teach the unfortunate how to
make the most out of what they have
under the existing government to
show the existing government that it
will be better off when all its people
are prospering, to show the rich that
as the wealth of the poor is increased
so is their wealth expanded, and to
eliminate not the government, not the
system which is used by the govern-
ment, but the individuals who are so
stupid that they can not see that in
the long run to help their neighbor
will help themselves. If you were to.
shovel the snow from your neighbor's
walk he might think you were crazy,
but you then could not break your
neck when the snow turned to ice
and you had to use his walk. And
since you are not an "isolationist"
you must use his walk.
THE biggest task that we have is
to show the ignorant how to
make better use of what they have
--and I' don't mean their organs of
speech or their right to vote.
I realize that many of you who are
so interested in the plight of the peo-
ple of the nation are not technicians
or educators, are not adept in any
art but thinking and writing, and
when I suggest such a program to
you you recoil because you are not
equipped to act in such a plan. There
are many of us who are equipped and
who are working, knowingly or not,
in that program or this world would
see no progress.
Since you can not do these things
which are necessary you must take
on a bigger burden. You must or-
ganize those of us who are doing the
work into a vast force working to-
gether towards the same goal. You
must train yourselves to aid the ex-
isting government even if it sup-
presses the first three freedoms so
that it may give to the people this
fourth freedom, freedom from want.
You must never foster, aid, or con-
duct war or revolution except to pre-
vent military aggression against a
weaker people or yourselves. (I as-
sure you, if you are shoveling your
neighbors walk, he will not start a
fight-at least, not until you are
done.)
If you follow my program you
will eventually achieve every one of
the four freedoms. You may never
live to see that glorious event. How-
ever neither will you ever read in
the morning paper that the boy
you saw only a couple of months
ago died in battle on foreign soil.
LeRoi E. Hutchings, Grad.
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Editorials published in The Michigan'Daily
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only.
Polish Reforml
PLANS FOR sweeping educational reforms,
calling for compulsory public school attend-
ance until the age of 18, universities open to all
youth and a wide system of scholarships, for-
mulated by the Polish Underground Labor
Movement and the Polish Teachers Underground'
Convention indicate that it is possible for a
people under the stress of war to prepare for
peace.
The program takes a realistic approach to the'
problems of education in a democracy. It in-
cludes plans for adult as well as youth training,
providing in addition for the betterment of the
position of teachers.
Poland is moving forward and will not be
held back by the groups who formerly bound
her with the ties of semi-feudalism. The
peasants and workers of Poland are politic-,
ally conscious enough to argue that the school
curricula in post-war Poland must conform to
the "democratic spirit."
The underground movements state unequiv-
ocally that "The full development of the spirit-
ual values of individuals and social groups,
the creation of new cultural values, and the gen-
eral progress of the nation depend upon the
growth of economic democracy."
The recognition by the Poles of the interdepen-
dency of education and economic security marks
admirable progress. Their support of the Lub-
lin government demonstrates further that that
government represents the interests of the
people.
--Betty Roth
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DAILY OFFICIAL, BULLETIN,
(Continued from Page 2)
What Is Post-War Status of Germany To Be?
ble for any public activity until his
eligibility is affirmatively established
by obtaining from the Chairman of
the Committee on Student Affairs,
in the Office of the Dean of Stu-
dents, a Certificate of Eligibility.
Participation before the opening of
the first semester must be approved
as at any other time.
Before permitting any students to
participate in a public activity (see
definition of Participation above),
the chairman or manager of such
activity shall (a) require each appli-
cant to present a certificate of eli-
gibility (b) sign his initials on the
back of such certificate and (c) file
with the Chairman of the Committee
on Student Affairs the names of all
those who have presented certificates
of eligibility and a signed statement
to exclude all others from participa-
tion. Blanks for the chairmen's lists
may be obtained in the Office of the
Dean of Students.
Certificates of Eligibility for the
first semester shall be effective until
March 1.
III,
Probation and Warning: Students
on probation or the warned list are
forbidden to participate in any pub-
lic activity.
IV.
Eligibility, First Year: No fresh-
man in his first semester of residence
may be granted a Certificate of Eli-
gibility.
A freshman, during his second
semester of residence, may be grant-
ed a Certificate of Eligibility pro-
vided he has completed 15 hours or
more of work with (1) at least one
mark of A or B and with no mark of
less than C, or (2) at least 2%/ times
as many honor, points as hours and
with no mark of E. (A-4 points, B-3,
C-2, D-1, E-0).
Any student in his first semester
of residence holding rank above that
of freshman may be granted a Cer-
tificate of Eligibility if he was admit-
ted to the University in good stand-
ing.
V.
Eligibility, General: In order to
receive a Certificate of Eligibility a
student must have earned at least 11
hours of academic credit in the pre-
ceding semester, or 6 hours of aca-
demic credit in the preceding sum-
mer session, with an average of at
least C, and have at least a C average
for his entire academic career.
Unreported grades and grades of X
and I are to be interpreted as E until
removed in accordance with Univer-
sity regulations. If in the opinion of
the Committee on Student Affairs
the X or I cannot be removed promp-
tly, the parenthetically reported
grade may be used in place of the X
or I in computing the average.
Students who are ineligible under
Rule V may participate only after
having received special permission
of the Committee on Student Affairs.
Admission to School of Business
Administration Spring Term: Appli-
cations should be submitted prior to
Jan. 15. Application blanks available
in Rm. 108 Tappan Hall.
All Graduate Students interested
in forming a graduate social organi-
zation, please see Miss Kelly in 1008
Rackham.
Lectures
French Lecture: Professor Michael
Pargment of the Romance Language
Department, will give the second of
the French Lectures sponsored by
the Cercle Francais on Tuesday, Jan.
9, at 4:10 p.m. in Rm. D, Alumni
Memorial Hall. The title of the lec-
ture is: "Anatole France."
Tickets for the series of lectures
may be procured from the Secretary
of the Department of Romance
Languages (Rm. 112, Romance Lang-
uage Building) or at the door at the
time of the lecture.
These lectures are open to the
general public. All servicemen are
admitted free of charge.
Academic Notices
Doctoral Examination for Mark
Whitezel Bills, education; thesis:
"The Relative Equality of Education-
al Opportunity in Twelve Represent-
ative Michigan Counties," Tuesday,
Jan. 9, 9:30 a.m., at 4019 University
High School.
By action of the Executive Board
the Chairman may invite members of
the faculties and advanced doctoral
candidates to attend this examina-
tion, and he may grant permission to
those who for sufficient reason might
wish to be present.
At the Seminar in Special Func-
tions on Tuesday, Jan. 9, 3:00 p.m.,
in 317 West Engineering, Professor
Rainville will speak on "General Sys-
tems of Polynomials."
Biological Chemistry Seminar will
meet at 4:15 p.m. on Wednesday,
Jan. 10, in Rm. 319 West Medical
Building. "Anti-Biotics" will be dis-
cussed. All interested are invited.
Concerts
An All-Brahms Program will be
presented at 8:30 this evening in
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre, by
four faculty members of the School
of Music. The program Will include
Brahms' Sonata for viola and piano,
Op. 120, played by Wassily Besekir-
sky, Professor of Violin, and Joseph
Brinkman, Professor of Piano. Pro-
fessor Arthur Hackett of the Voice
Department has chosen six songs as
his contribution to the program, and
Mrs. Maud Okkelberg, Professor of
Piano, will be heard in Brahms' Fan-
tasies, Op. 116. The general public
is invited.
Organ Recital: Bernard Piche,
Guest Organist, will be heard in re-
Christian Fellowship will be held at
4:30 in the Fireplace Room in Lane
Hall. The wing's Heralds, a group of
young people from the Highland
Park Baptist Church, will be here to
present a complete program. There
will be instrumental music-marim-
ba, trombones and cornet; also a
vocal quartet and duet-and a mes-
sage for you. Come and join us for
a time of fellowship.
The regular meeting of the Luth-
eran Student Association will be held
this afternoon at 5 in Zion Parish
Hall. Prof. Howard McClusky will be
the speaker and supper will be served
after the program at 6.
There will be a Cost Supper fol-
lowed by a Vocational Guidance talk
today at the B'nai B'rith Hillel
Foundation, at 6 and 7 o'clock re-
spectively. Reservations can still be
obtained for the supper. The public
is cordially invited.
Michigan Youth for Democratic
Action is holding a party this eve-
ning in the Women's Athletic Build-
ing from 7 p.m.-10 p.m. All veterans,
servicemenand students are cor-
dially invited.
Professor Dow Baxter will give a
slide lecture "On and Off Alaskan
Trails" at the International Center
tonight at 7:30.
Coming Events
The Women's Research Club will
meet Monday, Jan. 8 in the West
Lecture Room of Rackham, Building,
at 8 p.m. Dr. Margaret Johnston,
Research Associate in Internal Med-
icine, will talk on "Sodium Chloride
Requirements for Hard Work in Hu-
mid Climates."
The Prescott Club: There will be a
short, informal meeting in Rm. 300
Chemistry at 7:15, on Jan. 9. It is,
important that all members be pres-
ent. Refreshments will be served.
Sigma Rho Tau: Members of the
Stump Speakers' Society of Sigma
Rho Tau will meet Tuesday, Jan. 9,
at 7:30 p.m. in Rms. 319-323 of the
Union. Practice groups will prepare
a discussion of the educational pro-
gram necessary to secure recognition
of the engineer as a professional
man, in preparation for the Detroit
Conference of Jan. 13.
The Inter-Racial Association will
sponsor a lecture by Prof. Leslie
White on "Racial Relations in Amer-
ica," Wednesday, Jan. 10, 7:30 p.m.
at Hillel Foundation. Everyone wel-
come. Refreshments will be served
following the discussion period.
Institute of the Aeronautical Sci-
ences: There will be a meeting
Wednesday, Jan. 10, at 7:30 p.m., in
Am. 316 of the Michigan Union. A
motion picture dealing with the sub-
ject of Air Flow will be shown. Aero-
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v
SHOULD LIKE to present a few notes to
v
clarify my stand on the position of post-war
Germany, at the same time answering the
criticism recently directed against it by Miss
Fay Ajzenberg.
Let me say first that I obviously have a
high respect for the Germans, just as I do
the Russians, the British and the Americans,
but that I feel there is quite an ample differ-
ence between being pro-German and being
necessarily pro-Nazi.
I believe unquestionably that Germany by
nature and by virtue of her geographical loca-
tion and her economic status must be at least
an equal among nations. I have no desire
to see Germany become the Leader of the
World, just as I have no desire to seeAmerica or
Britain or Russia become the Leader .of the
World.
But Germany can be a leader in the co-oper-
ative sense, The whole world apreciates Ger-
manl contributions to world culture, German
inventive artistic genius, German mechanical
skill and ,technical brilliance. German ability,,,
can much more happily for themselves and for
all of us be directed along those lines.
But the Germans cannot be directed to any
line except stagnation if we allow a strong,
or harsh, AMG to set up more than a tempo-
rary provisional administrative government
in Gerniany following the war--if we allow
the AMG to have any desire foremost except
to get out of Germany as quickly as possible.
Germany cannot rule the world, any more
than any other single nation can. Whatever
hopes the Nazis had in that direction are now
There are approximately 100,000,000 persons
in Germany. Yet Miss Ajzenberg and her ilk
would attempt to make vassals out of the whole
lot of them-subject all of north central Europe
to the misguided "liberalism (?)" of the AMG.
In demanding the suppression of Germany
after the war, Miss Ajzenberg wants merely to
go back 80 years in history to the Reconstruc-
tion period following the American Civil War:
THAD STEVENS and Charles Sumner cried,
"Revenge! Atonement for the atrocities per-
petrated by the South on the North!" The
South was subjected then to 13 years of military
rule, while the brilliantly-guided North-abetted
by a bevy of carpetbaggers and scalaways-
forcibly tried to "re-educate" the South to the
North's way of thinking. 'Twas a fine job,
which even today has left nothing but bitter-
ness and resentment in the hearts of the South-
erners, the most striking manifestation of which
is the doctrine of White Supremacy. And which
has in addition effectively retarded the social,
educational progress of the South ever since.
We can gain nothing by seeking vengeance
on the Germans. What lives have been lost
are lost forever; what they have done under the
Nazi rule is irrevocable. Ours should not be
an eye-for-an-eye policy. We need not copy
the system of the Nazis by trampling on those
whom we have in our power. If we persist in
assuming the attitude of gods, then let us re-
member the first principle of divinity: To
forgive.
The reconstruction of Germany must be an
ex ression of the people themselves. I main-
tain still that there are democratic forces in
Germany-and I don't believe I am being
either subtle or satirical when I say they are
still latent. Germany has been one of the
birthplaces and centers of social democracy;
she has produced men who have spread those
principles throughout the world.
Perhaps Miss Ajzenberg believes that the Ger-
man people have had their chance. Perhaps
she believes that the Allies after the last war
did not return the power of government to the
same ruling clique they had just defeated. Per-
haps she does not believe that those who hewed
the wheels for Hitler's bandwagon are but a
small, though still powerful, minority of the
German people-a people two-thirds of whom
are of the laboring classes.
The majority of the Germans are of the
stock that produces democratic forces. They
must be encouraged-they must be given the
greatest opportunity to work out their own
government for themselves--a government not
as of the victor and the vanquished, but one
that will much more easily lead to the goal of
world co-operation among equals.
-Ray Shinn
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BARNABY
By Crockett Johnson
- L
The cops didn't find them hot
!fus e tahe i tatshd
That fellow Baxter claims
But, Sables, if he convinced the cops-
'I _________________
The police are satisfied now
I rl
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