I
Tim
IX
1
-MIAL-LAW
4ir 4w
_l
* atL
WEATHER
air and Warmer
VOL. LV, No. 155 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, MAY 24, 1945
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Swintons Return
From Three-Year
ap Internment
Professor Expects To Resume Duties
In Engineering Mechanics Department
Prof. anal Mrs. Foy S. Swinton, who were interned in a prisoner of
war camp for more than three years during the Japanese occupation of
Manila, returned to Ann Arbor yesterday.
Having regained most of the 35 pounds he lost while a prisoner since
being liberated on Feb. 3, Prof. Swinton announced that he expects to
resume his teaching duties in the engineering mechanics department,
this summer.
He arrived in this country May 10, after making the 32-day trip from
the Philippines where he had originally gone in 1940 with his wife to teach
------'at the University of Manila.
Superforts Blast Tokyo Industries;
Perkins, Biddle,Wickard Replaced
Churchill Forces
New Election by
Resi nin Post
Premier Will Name
Pro Tern Government
By The Associated Press
LONDON, May 23.-Prime Minis-
ter Churchill forced Britain's first
general election in ten years by re-
signing today as chief of the nation's
wartime coalition government in the
midst of an old-fashioned, slugging
political campaign.
King George VI, to whom the 70-
year old premier formally, tendered
his resignation, appointed Churchill
to form a temporary "caretaker gov-
ernment" to serve until after the
elections, which promised fireworks
between the aggressive Labor Party
and the long-dominant Conserva-
tives.
Parliament To Be Dissolved
At Churchill's request the king an-
nounced that the present Parliament
woud be dissolved by royal procla-
mation on June 15, the next step
toward calling a general election,
probably on July 5. The result will
remain locked in the ballot boxes for
20 days, until the servicemen's vote
has becn tallied.
At the hour Churchill was break-
ing up the wartime cabinet he form-
ed in Britain's darkest days in .190
his Conservative Party was under-
going a searing attack at Blackpool
by two Laborite cabinet ministers,
Ernest Bevin, minister of labor and
Clement Attlee, deputy prime min-
ister.
Blames Conservatives
Addressing a convention of the
Labor Party, Bevin-a possible suc-
cessor to Churchill as premier-blam-
ed the Conservative Party for the
suspicion which he said was growing
in British - Russian relations and
bound the Labor Party, if elected, to
correct the situation.
Attlee, joining Bevin in outlining
the Labor Party's policy, declared
the problems of peace could be solved
only by "building upon international
organization." The convention over
whelmingly adopted a resolution
charging that:
"British government policy, now
and for the future of certain liber-
ated countries in Europe, particu-
larly Belgium, Greece, Italy and Po-
land, was more concerned with the
preservation of vested interests than
for the welfare, liberty and equality
of social security of these peoples."
Filipino Official
Attends Funeral
Jaime Hernandez, Secretary of
Finance and the present head of the
Philippine government in Washing-
ton, arrived here as a personal rep-
resentative of Bergio Osmena, presi-
dent of the Philippine Common-
wealth, to attend the funeral ser-
vices for Prof. Joseph Hayden, politi-
cal science head of the University
and former vice-governor of the
Philippine Islands.
The Filipino students at the Uni-
versity joined Secretary Hernandez
in his expression of sympathy at the
death of Prof. Hayden.
CAMPUS EVENTS
Today Coeds wishing to become
Junior Hostesses at the
USO are asked to attend
an Orientation meeting
at 7:30 p. m. EWT (6:30
p.m. CWT).
May 25 Newman Club's "Gay
Ninpatias Pnrt" tbe, held
Asked when the first indication
came that the Americans were ap-
proaching his camp, he said that he
and his fellow prisoners had heard
machine-gun fire for about three
days. Then about two hours before
the Yanks rolled into the camp, they
had heard a steady rumbling noise,
which they finally deduced to be that
of tanks approaching the city.
Within a half hour after libera-
tion, he said, he had received a
message from the late Prof. Jo
seph Hayden who was serving as
an advisor to Gen. Douglas Mac-
Arthur at that time. Later he saw
Prof. Hayden in Manila on four
different occasions and that he had
"looked well." (Prof. I"a yden died
in Washington on Saturday.)
During the first year of internment,
Prof. Swinton said that he was per-
mitted to teach graduate students of
the University of Manila. Later he
was given the job of punching meal
tickets of fellow-prisoners "to make
sure that they did not receive two
meals."
"Meals," he said, "were generally
of rice or corn and a day's diet gen-
erally amounted to about 700 calo-
ries." This compares with the aver-
age American's daily diet of 3,000
calories and the soldier's 4,500.
About ten per cent of the pris-
oners died during the three years
of imprisonment, he said, most of
them from starvation. The hung-
er of the prisoners kept getting
"progressively worse, and beri beri
(the disease resulting from inade-
quate diets) was spreading rapidly
when they were rescued." The Japs
had wanted to keep the camp doc-
tor from writing "starvation" on
the death certificates, Prof. Swin-'
ton said, but the doctor refused
and had served three days of a 20-
day jail sentence when the Yanks
forced the Japs to flee.
Prof. Swinton said that contact
with the outside world was very lim-
ited. At first the prisoners were able
to see their Filipino boys and obtain
messages and packages from them.
But then the regulations -became
more strict and the Filipinos were
only able to bring packages into the
camp and leave them without seeing
any of the internees.
Finally this was cut out altogeth-
er and the prisoners had to resort
to subterfuge to keep an outside
contact. The most successful meth-
od was to inclose messages and
packages in the caskets brought in
for prisoners who had died.
At first, burial of these fellow pris-
oners was taken care of by a Filipino
undertaker, he said, but his price got
to be $5,000 dollars in what the pris-
oners called "Mickey Mouse money"
(it was almost worthless) and the
prisoners had to resort to burying
their dead inside the walls.
Prof. Swinton was in the prison
camp throughout the occupation with
the exception of a month he spent
in a hospital. He is now looking
forward to seeing his son, Stan, a
former University student and City
Editor of The Daily, who served in
Europe throughout the war and who
now has enough points to receive his
discharge.
Anderson Is
Secretary of
Aoricultui'e
Posts Go to Clark,
Schwellenbach
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, May 23.- Presi-
dent Truman shook up his cabinet
today by naming three new members
and signalled a new, streamlined at-
tack on the nation's No. 1 home front
problem-food shortages.
The new cabinet members:
Attorney-General-Tom C. Clark,
succeeding Francis Biddle. Clark, 55-
year old Texan, is now assistant at-
torney-general.
Secretary of Labor-Federal Judge
Lewis B. Schwellenbach, former
Democratic senator from Washing-
ton. He succeeds Miss Frances Per-
kins.
Secretary of Agriculture - Rep.
Clinton P. Anderson, New Mexico
Democrat, succeeding Claude R. Wi-
ckard.
Anderson To Head WFA
Mr. Truman disclosed that Ander-
son also will become War Food Ad-
ministrator when Marvin Jones steps
out of that position June 30 to re-
sume his position as judge of the
Court of Claims.
Anderson heads the House Food
Committee which has been critical
of government food policy and has
been calling for a new, coordinated
attack. The fact that he was put
into the twin posts of Agriculture
Secretary and War Food Administra-
tor was taken to mean that new
measures to combat food problems
are in store.
Attack on Black Market
On May 2 the House committee
urged the President, among other
things, to. coordinate the program
from grower to consumer to break
up black markets and ease shortages.
It advocated top priority for farm-
ers in the matter of manpower and
machinery, revised price policies to
assure profits to producers and dis-
tributors, and special inducements
to ward off threats of developing
black markets in eggs and sugar.
Wickard has been picked as Rural
Electrification Administrator, the
President also disclosed.
Simmons To Be
Guest Speaker
Medical Fraternity
To Meet Tomorrow
Brigadier-General James S. Sim-
mons will be one of the guest speak-
ers at the 50th anniversary of Alpha
Kappa Kappa, medical fraternity,
which will be held at 1:30 p.m. EWT
(12:30 p.m. CWT) tomorrow in the
Public Health Amphitheater.
General Simmons, Chief of Pre-
ventive Medicine, Office of Surgeon-
General, United States Army, will
speak on the medical problems of
the Pacific. Director of the Philip-
pine Research Institute in Manila
during 1929 and 1930, he returned to
this country early in March after
having made a survey of Guadal-
canal, Saipan, and Guam. The gen-
eral is leaving shortly to investigate
medical conditions in Germany.
Other speakers will be Dr. Theo-
dore L. Squier, of Milwaukee, Wis.,
who will discuss the phases of aller-
gic blood responses, Dr. George Cur-
tis, of Ohio State University, who will
lecture on the surgery of the spleen,
and Dr. Thomas Durant, of Temple
University, Philadelphia, who will
speak on pulmonary embolism.
Load of 4,500
Tons Rocks
Jap Capital
Shinagawa Sector
Is Key Objective
TANKS OPEN SHORT CUT INTO NAHA-Marine Corps tank crashes through houses in Naha, capital
of Okinawa, in creating a short cut for Sixth Division Marines into the Japanese-held city. This
strategy enables Marines to avoid heavily defended roads.
U.S. Motorists Will Be Given
More Gas Beginning June 22
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, May 23.- Gaso-
line rations for America's civilian
motorists were ordered increased to-
night as a result of victory in Europe.
Effective June 22, the A card value
will increase 50 per cent, from four
Father Flynn
Lectures on
Church Music
"Music for music's sake has no
placeuin the Catholic Church: its
purpose is to direct the listener's
mind to prayer," the Rev. Frank J.
B. Flynn, director of music fornthe
Archdiocese of Detroit, said in a
lecture on "The Gregorian Chant",
last night.
The early Chant was influenced by
Jewish and Graeco-Roman music,
Father Flynn said.. The antiphonal
type of chant in which the choirs
sing alternate verses of the same
psalm is especially similar to the
singing of psalms in the ancient
synagogues, he said.
Of the four early types of chants,
the Ambrosian, the Galican, the
Spanish, and the Gregorian, the Gre-
gorian has become predominant, he
continued.
Father Flynn was assisted by a
group of students from the Sacred
Heart Seminary in Detroit who sang
some of the chants which are part
of the Service of the Mass and exam-
ples of the older types of Gregorian
Chant.
Senior Ball Tickets
Are Now on Sale
Tickets to the Senior Ball, to be
held June 1, will be sold from 10
a. m. to 3 p. m. EWT (9 a. m. to 2
p. m. CWT) today, tomorrow,
Mondary and Tuesday at a booth
on the Diagonal. Tickets will also
be on sale from 3 to 5 p. m. EWT
(2 to 4 p. m. CWT) at the League
desk, and are available at all times
at the main desk in the Union.
to six gallons. On June 11 B card
ceilings will increase to 650 miles per
month throughout the country.
At present, the B card ceilings
differ in various sections, being
325 miles a month in the east, 475
in the midwest, and 400 in the far
west.
Not all B cards will rate an in-
crease. It will be necessary for hold-
ers of these cards to show their local
rationing boards that they have a
real need for more gasoline than they
are now using.
The Petroleum Administration for
War and the Office of Price Admin-
istration issued a statement saying:
"The value of A coupons will be
increased from four to six gallons
on June 22, when coupon A-16 be-
comes valid. B car ceilings will be
raised to 650 miles per month uni-
formly over the country on June
11."
Petroleum Administrator Harold
Ickes said: ,
"This is the first time since July,
1941, when we first calledsupon the
public to restrict its use of gasoline,
that I have had the satisfaction of
reversing the process and providing
more for the civilians."
Says Kipling's
Lines Are Myth
World's Adherence to
Gandhi's Ideas Urged
Gandhi's ethics of non-violence
and brotherly love must be accepted
universally if the people of the world
are to survive, Dr. Haridas Muzum-
dar, sociologist and author, said last
night to a capacity audience at Lydia
Mendelssohn Theater.
Tracing the "two-way traffic of
commerce and culture" between the
east and the west since the dawn of
history, Dr. Muzumdar branded Kip-
ling's lines, " East is East and West
is West, and never the twain shall
meet,' as a historical myth, and in
terms of fact, an illusion."
Defense Against West
Speaking on "India-Today and
Tomorrow", Dr. Muzumdar asserted
that the political nationalism of the
East results as a defense against the
West, whose concept of a "great
power is the ability to wage success-
ful warfare."
He classified as self-conceived
great powers of the past century,
Japan, the United States, Great Bri-
tain, Soviet Russia, Germany, France
and Italy.
To Frame Constitution
Indian plans for the future will,
he predicted, include the formation
of a national constitution including
elements of that of the United States
TU' Bond Sales
Increase To Fill
Third of Quota
Directors Hope To Go
'Over the Top' in June
University bond sales reached $33,-
287.50 yesterday as the campus total
climbed steadily toward the $100,000
goal in the Seventh War Loan.
Only a third of the way to the
University quota, directors of the
drive still hoped to reach the mark
by the first week in June. The cam-
paign officially extends, until June
30.
Solicit Faculty
Campus veterans and girls of the
JGP are soliciting the University
faculty and staff for war bond pur-
chases. Bonds may be purchased
through the student agents or at the
cashier's office in South Wing. Bonds
will be ready the day after they are
ordered.
JGP girls have been urging the
increased sale of war stamps to stu-
dents during the drive. All stamp
books filled now and turned in for
war bonds will count toward the Uni-
versity total, although individual
stamp sales will not.
Prizes To Be Given
Prizes will be presented the stu-
dents who buy the most war bonds
for the University by the JGP com-
mittee. A special tribute, signed by
Governor Kelly, will be awarded the
women's residence that reports the
highest number of bond sales pei
person.
Behind Sixth War Loan
Reports to date on campus bond
sales are only a few thousand dol-
lars behind those for the Sixth Wa~i
Loan for the same period. The Sev-
enth War Loan is proceeding more
slowly than was anticipated on cam-
pus, but the University has never
failed to meet a war bond quota.
Bond buyers are warned that, un-
less specified, the University receives
no credit for bonds purchased thro-
ugh banks and other organizations
having no war loan quota. Bonds
bought in that manner should be~
reported to the cashier's office to add
to the campus total.
Dance To Sell
VE 'Warsesges'
"Warsages" corsages with War
Stamps-will adorn the coiffured
locks of Michigan coeds at the V-E
Dance from 9 p.m. EWT (8 p.m.
CWT) to midnight Tuesday in the
Rainbow Room of the Union.
The dance, sponsored by Alpha Phi
Omega, campus; service fraternity,
will attempt to increase student pur-
chase of War Stamps during the
Seventh War Loan. Two dollars'
By The Associated Press
GUAM, Thursday, May 24.-Strik-
ing before dawn, more than 550 Su-
perfortresses today dropped 4,500
tons of bombs on important Tokyo
industrial targets, the greatest load
of destruction hurled on the Jap-
anese capital to date.
The target area included the high-
ly important Shinagawa sector. The
railroad marshalling yards there,
through which a third of Japan's
rail traffic passes, was a key objec-
tive.
Equals Berlin Raids
The assault equalled two 1,000-
plane raids by B-17s or B-24s on
Berlin from England.
A spokesman for Maj.-Gen. Curtis
Le May, commander of the 21st
Bomber Command, pointed out the,
Shinagawa area provided "one of the
happiest combinations of inflamma-
bility and congestion" that could be
found for the Superfortresses.
Destroy Shelters
Taking off from bases in the Mari-
anas, the B-29s carried thousands of
pounds of deadly fire bombs to be
hurled on flimsy residences built as
temporary shelters for thousands of
homeless after the devastating Tokyo
earthquake in 1923.
This area has more small pro-
ducers of light machine, aircraft pre-
cision instruments and technical air-
Houston Damaged
WASHINGTON, Mtay 23--(MP--
Rep. Albert F. Thomas (Dem.,
Tex.) said tonight the Cruiser
Houston was damaged severely by
torpedoes off Borneo and is being
repaired at the Brooklyn Navy
Yard.
Thomas said the warship laun-
ched less than two years ago was
hit by two torpedoes, presumably
aerial.
craft component parts than any oth-
er Japanese district with the excep-
tion of Nagoya which, too, has been
heavily hit by the Superforts. Na-
goy~a is Japan's principal aircraft
center.
Follow British Pattern
Wave after wave of the big war
birds struck at a target area which
extended from the Tama River on
the south of Tokyo to a boundary
only three miles south of the imper-
ial palace. Pathfinder planes, oper-
ating after the British pattern in
their night assaults on European ob-
jectives, dropped oil bombs to light
the Tokyo target.
Tokyo has been a lucrative target
for the B-29s since they began their
incendiary campaign
Bingay Scorns
Racial Hatred
Members of U
Faculty Attend Talk
Any man "who hates another race
or another man has Nazism in his
heart," Malcolm W. Bingay, editorial
director of the Detroit Free Press,
warned in his speech to 400 members
of the Michigan State College Club
in East Lansing, according to an
Associated Press dispatch.
'U' Faculty Attend
Dean Joseph A. Bursley, Assistant
Dean Peter Okkelberg, and Dr. Esson
M. Gale, Robert B. Klinger and Sar-
ah Grollman of the International
Center heard Mr. Bingay speak yes-
terday at the conference discussing
the educational problems of Michi-
gan's 600 foreign students.
Mr. Bingay declared that today
America has within it all the ele-
ments which created the Nazi move-
ment in Germany.
American Parallel
"The same type of political bosses
and rabble rousers we have in Amer-
ica were responsible for the rise of
Nazism in Germany and the ulti-
I.
'U HALL' AUDITORIUM:
History of Condemned Hall Told
By PAT CAMERON
Behind the locked doors of the second floor of the old administration
building is the University Hall Auditorium, once the scene of all University
mass meetings, concerts, programs and appearances by such notables as
Theodore Roosevelt and William Jennings Bryan.
Occupying the west half of the building from the second to the fourth
flnne this nl TT -Hl AllAditorium ha sacauired. in the 15 ve ar ince it was
tation from the Ordinance of 1787
which appears on Angell Hall.
"Religion, Morality, and Know-
ledge, being necessary to good gov-
ernment and the happiness of man-
kind, schools and the means of edu-
roan shall forrvr be encournedn"