I Tim IX 1 -MIAL-LAW 4ir 4w _l * atL WEATHER air and Warmer VOL. LV, No. 155 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, MAY 24, 1945 PRICE FIVE CENTS Swintons Return From Three-Year ap Internment Professor Expects To Resume Duties In Engineering Mechanics Department Prof. anal Mrs. Foy S. Swinton, who were interned in a prisoner of war camp for more than three years during the Japanese occupation of Manila, returned to Ann Arbor yesterday. Having regained most of the 35 pounds he lost while a prisoner since being liberated on Feb. 3, Prof. Swinton announced that he expects to resume his teaching duties in the engineering mechanics department, this summer. He arrived in this country May 10, after making the 32-day trip from the Philippines where he had originally gone in 1940 with his wife to teach ------'at the University of Manila. Superforts Blast Tokyo Industries; Perkins, Biddle,Wickard Replaced Churchill Forces New Election by Resi nin Post Premier Will Name Pro Tern Government By The Associated Press LONDON, May 23.-Prime Minis- ter Churchill forced Britain's first general election in ten years by re- signing today as chief of the nation's wartime coalition government in the midst of an old-fashioned, slugging political campaign. King George VI, to whom the 70- year old premier formally, tendered his resignation, appointed Churchill to form a temporary "caretaker gov- ernment" to serve until after the elections, which promised fireworks between the aggressive Labor Party and the long-dominant Conserva- tives. Parliament To Be Dissolved At Churchill's request the king an- nounced that the present Parliament woud be dissolved by royal procla- mation on June 15, the next step toward calling a general election, probably on July 5. The result will remain locked in the ballot boxes for 20 days, until the servicemen's vote has becn tallied. At the hour Churchill was break- ing up the wartime cabinet he form- ed in Britain's darkest days in .190 his Conservative Party was under- going a searing attack at Blackpool by two Laborite cabinet ministers, Ernest Bevin, minister of labor and Clement Attlee, deputy prime min- ister. Blames Conservatives Addressing a convention of the Labor Party, Bevin-a possible suc- cessor to Churchill as premier-blam- ed the Conservative Party for the suspicion which he said was growing in British - Russian relations and bound the Labor Party, if elected, to correct the situation. Attlee, joining Bevin in outlining the Labor Party's policy, declared the problems of peace could be solved only by "building upon international organization." The convention over whelmingly adopted a resolution charging that: "British government policy, now and for the future of certain liber- ated countries in Europe, particu- larly Belgium, Greece, Italy and Po- land, was more concerned with the preservation of vested interests than for the welfare, liberty and equality of social security of these peoples." Filipino Official Attends Funeral Jaime Hernandez, Secretary of Finance and the present head of the Philippine government in Washing- ton, arrived here as a personal rep- resentative of Bergio Osmena, presi- dent of the Philippine Common- wealth, to attend the funeral ser- vices for Prof. Joseph Hayden, politi- cal science head of the University and former vice-governor of the Philippine Islands. The Filipino students at the Uni- versity joined Secretary Hernandez in his expression of sympathy at the death of Prof. Hayden. CAMPUS EVENTS Today Coeds wishing to become Junior Hostesses at the USO are asked to attend an Orientation meeting at 7:30 p. m. EWT (6:30 p.m. CWT). May 25 Newman Club's "Gay Ninpatias Pnrt" tbe, held Asked when the first indication came that the Americans were ap- proaching his camp, he said that he and his fellow prisoners had heard machine-gun fire for about three days. Then about two hours before the Yanks rolled into the camp, they had heard a steady rumbling noise, which they finally deduced to be that of tanks approaching the city. Within a half hour after libera- tion, he said, he had received a message from the late Prof. Jo seph Hayden who was serving as an advisor to Gen. Douglas Mac- Arthur at that time. Later he saw Prof. Hayden in Manila on four different occasions and that he had "looked well." (Prof. I"a yden died in Washington on Saturday.) During the first year of internment, Prof. Swinton said that he was per- mitted to teach graduate students of the University of Manila. Later he was given the job of punching meal tickets of fellow-prisoners "to make sure that they did not receive two meals." "Meals," he said, "were generally of rice or corn and a day's diet gen- erally amounted to about 700 calo- ries." This compares with the aver- age American's daily diet of 3,000 calories and the soldier's 4,500. About ten per cent of the pris- oners died during the three years of imprisonment, he said, most of them from starvation. The hung- er of the prisoners kept getting "progressively worse, and beri beri (the disease resulting from inade- quate diets) was spreading rapidly when they were rescued." The Japs had wanted to keep the camp doc- tor from writing "starvation" on the death certificates, Prof. Swin-' ton said, but the doctor refused and had served three days of a 20- day jail sentence when the Yanks forced the Japs to flee. Prof. Swinton said that contact with the outside world was very lim- ited. At first the prisoners were able to see their Filipino boys and obtain messages and packages from them. But then the regulations -became more strict and the Filipinos were only able to bring packages into the camp and leave them without seeing any of the internees. Finally this was cut out altogeth- er and the prisoners had to resort to subterfuge to keep an outside contact. The most successful meth- od was to inclose messages and packages in the caskets brought in for prisoners who had died. At first, burial of these fellow pris- oners was taken care of by a Filipino undertaker, he said, but his price got to be $5,000 dollars in what the pris- oners called "Mickey Mouse money" (it was almost worthless) and the prisoners had to resort to burying their dead inside the walls. Prof. Swinton was in the prison camp throughout the occupation with the exception of a month he spent in a hospital. He is now looking forward to seeing his son, Stan, a former University student and City Editor of The Daily, who served in Europe throughout the war and who now has enough points to receive his discharge. Anderson Is Secretary of Aoricultui'e Posts Go to Clark, Schwellenbach By The Associated Press WASHINGTON, May 23.- Presi- dent Truman shook up his cabinet today by naming three new members and signalled a new, streamlined at- tack on the nation's No. 1 home front problem-food shortages. The new cabinet members: Attorney-General-Tom C. Clark, succeeding Francis Biddle. Clark, 55- year old Texan, is now assistant at- torney-general. Secretary of Labor-Federal Judge Lewis B. Schwellenbach, former Democratic senator from Washing- ton. He succeeds Miss Frances Per- kins. Secretary of Agriculture - Rep. Clinton P. Anderson, New Mexico Democrat, succeeding Claude R. Wi- ckard. Anderson To Head WFA Mr. Truman disclosed that Ander- son also will become War Food Ad- ministrator when Marvin Jones steps out of that position June 30 to re- sume his position as judge of the Court of Claims. Anderson heads the House Food Committee which has been critical of government food policy and has been calling for a new, coordinated attack. The fact that he was put into the twin posts of Agriculture Secretary and War Food Administra- tor was taken to mean that new measures to combat food problems are in store. Attack on Black Market On May 2 the House committee urged the President, among other things, to. coordinate the program from grower to consumer to break up black markets and ease shortages. It advocated top priority for farm- ers in the matter of manpower and machinery, revised price policies to assure profits to producers and dis- tributors, and special inducements to ward off threats of developing black markets in eggs and sugar. Wickard has been picked as Rural Electrification Administrator, the President also disclosed. Simmons To Be Guest Speaker Medical Fraternity To Meet Tomorrow Brigadier-General James S. Sim- mons will be one of the guest speak- ers at the 50th anniversary of Alpha Kappa Kappa, medical fraternity, which will be held at 1:30 p.m. EWT (12:30 p.m. CWT) tomorrow in the Public Health Amphitheater. General Simmons, Chief of Pre- ventive Medicine, Office of Surgeon- General, United States Army, will speak on the medical problems of the Pacific. Director of the Philip- pine Research Institute in Manila during 1929 and 1930, he returned to this country early in March after having made a survey of Guadal- canal, Saipan, and Guam. The gen- eral is leaving shortly to investigate medical conditions in Germany. Other speakers will be Dr. Theo- dore L. Squier, of Milwaukee, Wis., who will discuss the phases of aller- gic blood responses, Dr. George Cur- tis, of Ohio State University, who will lecture on the surgery of the spleen, and Dr. Thomas Durant, of Temple University, Philadelphia, who will speak on pulmonary embolism. Load of 4,500 Tons Rocks Jap Capital Shinagawa Sector Is Key Objective TANKS OPEN SHORT CUT INTO NAHA-Marine Corps tank crashes through houses in Naha, capital of Okinawa, in creating a short cut for Sixth Division Marines into the Japanese-held city. This strategy enables Marines to avoid heavily defended roads. U.S. Motorists Will Be Given More Gas Beginning June 22 By The Associated Press WASHINGTON, May 23.- Gaso- line rations for America's civilian motorists were ordered increased to- night as a result of victory in Europe. Effective June 22, the A card value will increase 50 per cent, from four Father Flynn Lectures on Church Music "Music for music's sake has no placeuin the Catholic Church: its purpose is to direct the listener's mind to prayer," the Rev. Frank J. B. Flynn, director of music fornthe Archdiocese of Detroit, said in a lecture on "The Gregorian Chant", last night. The early Chant was influenced by Jewish and Graeco-Roman music, Father Flynn said.. The antiphonal type of chant in which the choirs sing alternate verses of the same psalm is especially similar to the singing of psalms in the ancient synagogues, he said. Of the four early types of chants, the Ambrosian, the Galican, the Spanish, and the Gregorian, the Gre- gorian has become predominant, he continued. Father Flynn was assisted by a group of students from the Sacred Heart Seminary in Detroit who sang some of the chants which are part of the Service of the Mass and exam- ples of the older types of Gregorian Chant. Senior Ball Tickets Are Now on Sale Tickets to the Senior Ball, to be held June 1, will be sold from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m. EWT (9 a. m. to 2 p. m. CWT) today, tomorrow, Mondary and Tuesday at a booth on the Diagonal. Tickets will also be on sale from 3 to 5 p. m. EWT (2 to 4 p. m. CWT) at the League desk, and are available at all times at the main desk in the Union. to six gallons. On June 11 B card ceilings will increase to 650 miles per month throughout the country. At present, the B card ceilings differ in various sections, being 325 miles a month in the east, 475 in the midwest, and 400 in the far west. Not all B cards will rate an in- crease. It will be necessary for hold- ers of these cards to show their local rationing boards that they have a real need for more gasoline than they are now using. The Petroleum Administration for War and the Office of Price Admin- istration issued a statement saying: "The value of A coupons will be increased from four to six gallons on June 22, when coupon A-16 be- comes valid. B car ceilings will be raised to 650 miles per month uni- formly over the country on June 11." Petroleum Administrator Harold Ickes said: , "This is the first time since July, 1941, when we first calledsupon the public to restrict its use of gasoline, that I have had the satisfaction of reversing the process and providing more for the civilians." Says Kipling's Lines Are Myth World's Adherence to Gandhi's Ideas Urged Gandhi's ethics of non-violence and brotherly love must be accepted universally if the people of the world are to survive, Dr. Haridas Muzum- dar, sociologist and author, said last night to a capacity audience at Lydia Mendelssohn Theater. Tracing the "two-way traffic of commerce and culture" between the east and the west since the dawn of history, Dr. Muzumdar branded Kip- ling's lines, " East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,' as a historical myth, and in terms of fact, an illusion." Defense Against West Speaking on "India-Today and Tomorrow", Dr. Muzumdar asserted that the political nationalism of the East results as a defense against the West, whose concept of a "great power is the ability to wage success- ful warfare." He classified as self-conceived great powers of the past century, Japan, the United States, Great Bri- tain, Soviet Russia, Germany, France and Italy. To Frame Constitution Indian plans for the future will, he predicted, include the formation of a national constitution including elements of that of the United States TU' Bond Sales Increase To Fill Third of Quota Directors Hope To Go 'Over the Top' in June University bond sales reached $33,- 287.50 yesterday as the campus total climbed steadily toward the $100,000 goal in the Seventh War Loan. Only a third of the way to the University quota, directors of the drive still hoped to reach the mark by the first week in June. The cam- paign officially extends, until June 30. Solicit Faculty Campus veterans and girls of the JGP are soliciting the University faculty and staff for war bond pur- chases. Bonds may be purchased through the student agents or at the cashier's office in South Wing. Bonds will be ready the day after they are ordered. JGP girls have been urging the increased sale of war stamps to stu- dents during the drive. All stamp books filled now and turned in for war bonds will count toward the Uni- versity total, although individual stamp sales will not. Prizes To Be Given Prizes will be presented the stu- dents who buy the most war bonds for the University by the JGP com- mittee. A special tribute, signed by Governor Kelly, will be awarded the women's residence that reports the highest number of bond sales pei person. Behind Sixth War Loan Reports to date on campus bond sales are only a few thousand dol- lars behind those for the Sixth Wa~i Loan for the same period. The Sev- enth War Loan is proceeding more slowly than was anticipated on cam- pus, but the University has never failed to meet a war bond quota. Bond buyers are warned that, un- less specified, the University receives no credit for bonds purchased thro- ugh banks and other organizations having no war loan quota. Bonds bought in that manner should be~ reported to the cashier's office to add to the campus total. Dance To Sell VE 'Warsesges' "Warsages" corsages with War Stamps-will adorn the coiffured locks of Michigan coeds at the V-E Dance from 9 p.m. EWT (8 p.m. CWT) to midnight Tuesday in the Rainbow Room of the Union. The dance, sponsored by Alpha Phi Omega, campus; service fraternity, will attempt to increase student pur- chase of War Stamps during the Seventh War Loan. Two dollars' By The Associated Press GUAM, Thursday, May 24.-Strik- ing before dawn, more than 550 Su- perfortresses today dropped 4,500 tons of bombs on important Tokyo industrial targets, the greatest load of destruction hurled on the Jap- anese capital to date. The target area included the high- ly important Shinagawa sector. The railroad marshalling yards there, through which a third of Japan's rail traffic passes, was a key objec- tive. Equals Berlin Raids The assault equalled two 1,000- plane raids by B-17s or B-24s on Berlin from England. A spokesman for Maj.-Gen. Curtis Le May, commander of the 21st Bomber Command, pointed out the, Shinagawa area provided "one of the happiest combinations of inflamma- bility and congestion" that could be found for the Superfortresses. Destroy Shelters Taking off from bases in the Mari- anas, the B-29s carried thousands of pounds of deadly fire bombs to be hurled on flimsy residences built as temporary shelters for thousands of homeless after the devastating Tokyo earthquake in 1923. This area has more small pro- ducers of light machine, aircraft pre- cision instruments and technical air- Houston Damaged WASHINGTON, Mtay 23--(MP-- Rep. Albert F. Thomas (Dem., Tex.) said tonight the Cruiser Houston was damaged severely by torpedoes off Borneo and is being repaired at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Thomas said the warship laun- ched less than two years ago was hit by two torpedoes, presumably aerial. craft component parts than any oth- er Japanese district with the excep- tion of Nagoya which, too, has been heavily hit by the Superforts. Na- goy~a is Japan's principal aircraft center. Follow British Pattern Wave after wave of the big war birds struck at a target area which extended from the Tama River on the south of Tokyo to a boundary only three miles south of the imper- ial palace. Pathfinder planes, oper- ating after the British pattern in their night assaults on European ob- jectives, dropped oil bombs to light the Tokyo target. Tokyo has been a lucrative target for the B-29s since they began their incendiary campaign Bingay Scorns Racial Hatred Members of U Faculty Attend Talk Any man "who hates another race or another man has Nazism in his heart," Malcolm W. Bingay, editorial director of the Detroit Free Press, warned in his speech to 400 members of the Michigan State College Club in East Lansing, according to an Associated Press dispatch. 'U' Faculty Attend Dean Joseph A. Bursley, Assistant Dean Peter Okkelberg, and Dr. Esson M. Gale, Robert B. Klinger and Sar- ah Grollman of the International Center heard Mr. Bingay speak yes- terday at the conference discussing the educational problems of Michi- gan's 600 foreign students. Mr. Bingay declared that today America has within it all the ele- ments which created the Nazi move- ment in Germany. American Parallel "The same type of political bosses and rabble rousers we have in Amer- ica were responsible for the rise of Nazism in Germany and the ulti- I. 'U HALL' AUDITORIUM: History of Condemned Hall Told By PAT CAMERON Behind the locked doors of the second floor of the old administration building is the University Hall Auditorium, once the scene of all University mass meetings, concerts, programs and appearances by such notables as Theodore Roosevelt and William Jennings Bryan. Occupying the west half of the building from the second to the fourth flnne this nl TT -Hl AllAditorium ha sacauired. in the 15 ve ar ince it was tation from the Ordinance of 1787 which appears on Angell Hall. "Religion, Morality, and Know- ledge, being necessary to good gov- ernment and the happiness of man- kind, schools and the means of edu- roan shall forrvr be encournedn"