THE -MICHIGAN DAILY
SUNDAY, APRRIL 29, 19.5
frFitga ally
Fifty-Fifth Year
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
New 'Peace-Makers'
Developed
CHINESE MASS EDUCATION MOVEMENT:
Prof. Bader Reviews'Tell the People'
U0
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NIGHT EDITOR: MARY BRUSH
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only.
Means To An End
IN AN EDITORIAL printed in Friday's Daily,
Milt Freudenheim states that the Dumbarton
Oaks plan for world security is so imperfect as
to be almost worthless. He argues that an
organization based on "national rather than
popular sovereignty" will be foredoomed to fail-
ure.
"What value can there be in an organization to
uphold peace and the rights of men if that
organization is composed of appointed repre-
sentatives from fifty odd sovereign nations?" the
writer asks. The answer is simply that such an
organization will, at least, exist. Granted that
a scheme grounded on nationalities instead of
world equality is imperfect; it has the obvious
advantage of being acceptable to an imperfect
world. And thereby it stands a chance of be-
coming practical and workable, a stepping-
stone toward the ideal for which we are not
yet ready.
It is unwise to discard the best within our
reach simply because it falls short of what we
ultimately desire. Dumbarton Oaks is a means
to an end, the best we are likely to realize
for the present, and we must accept it as such.
There is no logic in becoming so infatuated
with a glittering ideal of perfection that we
despise the faltering devices by which alone
the perfection can be attained.
-Mary Brush
Concessions
T3HE CONCESSIONS being made by various
countries at the San Francisco Conference
presage an approximation of the hoped-for
Utopia, but also point out a flaw which might
prove disastrous.
The lining-up of some Latin-American
nations and the British Commonwealth with
Russia is an admirable example of working,
conceding cooperation. As the Associated
Press story of April 25 reported rather editor-
ially, "It isn't that they would like to see
Russia get two extra votes. But they would
prefer that to any breakdown of the confer-
ence."
Viewpoints and demands will differ and some
"middle ground" on which most nations agree
must be found. Concessions must be made,
since international cooperation is a matter of
give and take.
And yet, the yielding must not proceed to
the point at which the interest of the majority
of the nations does not prevail. The path of
extreme concessions leads to a preponderance
of the power of one nation, a cause of many
past wars,
--Pat Cameron
No Dogs Allowed
"No DOGS or other animals will be permitted
in the building"- from the Union House
Rules. Yet every day, several dogs from the
size of large cats to small horses are allowed to
By DREW PEARSON
SAN FRANCISCO--This conference has de-
veloped a new breed of international peace-
makers. They are called consultants.. They
represent labor, the farmers, different religious
groups, the Negroes, the lawyers, the American
Legion, Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions, in fact almost
every walk of American life.
The job of the consultant is 'a little nebulous.
If you ask one of them what he does, he will
look a little blank and reply: "I consult."
Sonic of the American delegates (a delegate
is a full-fledged member of the U.S. delegation
ranking alongside the Secretary of State) also
are vague about the consultants. Among them
is brainy, bustling Senator Arthur Vandenberg,
who has turned out to be the dominating
member of the U.S. delegation.
At a private dinner given by G.O.P. Senator
Owen Brewster of Maine in honor of Ed Stet-
tinius and 12 Republican senators before San
Francisco, the question of consultants was
Morgan & Co. Deny
Financing Germans
EDITOR'S NOTE: J. P. Morgan & Co. made the fol-
lowing statement in reference to Drew Pearson's
column which apeared Friday, April 27th:
The column of Drew Pearson released for April
27th contains references to Morgan & Cie., Paris,
to a French partner of that firm, and to J. P.
Morgan & Co. that are cruel, wholly false, and
libelous. Certain of them purport to have been
made by the Nazi administrator in occupied
France -- a strange source for the emanation of
reliable information. The fact is that Morgan
& Cie refused to do business with the Germans
during the war. The French partner is a loyal
Frenchman now serving in the French army.
The position of J. P. Morgan & Co. during this
war and the last is too well known to need de-
fense from these charges.
threshed out. Stettinius raised the point in
telling G.O.P. senators about the coming confer-
ence.
"Van doesn't like the idea of consultants,"
Stettinius volunteered.
"You bet I don't like it," shot back the gentle-
man from Michigan. "You've got 35 organiz-
ations represented at San Francisco, and you've
got 335 left out that are going to be sore as
blazes.
Vandenberg's Coattails ...
"FURTHERMORE," continued Vandenberg,
"how are they going to consult? The State
Department has given 'em a priority to get to
San Francisco and a hotel room after they get
there. But that's all. I suppose they'll wear
a badge, which will be a sort of hunting license
-a hunting license to consult.
"As I get it," concluded the Senator from
Michigan, "that means a license to hang on my
coattails and consult while I walk through the
corridors."
However, the role of the consultant is grad-
ually developing at San Francisco and prom-
ises to be a democratic step forward in inter-
national conferences. The consultants are
being called in every day to get a summary of
the proceedings-a peep at what goes on
behind the scenes.
Just how much handsome young Stettinius
will take before he lets his hair down and gives
them the real dope remains to be seen. But
Stettinius really seems sincere in wanting dif-
ferent groups, representing varied walks of the
American public, to be in the know regarding
some phases of the conference. And one thing
is certain: He will bind in most of the con-
sultants so they will form a powerful body of
opinion to get public approval of his treaty, no
matter what it is.
PASTTENSE
FRATERNITIES, or, rather, fraternity (there
was only one) was the source of state-wide
controversy in 1846 when a faculty investigator
traced a student rumpus to a log cabin in the
depths of a wood called the Black Forest, east
of campus.
44* *
The cabin housed the Chi Psis and was the
first chapter house in; the country until its
members were expelled from the University
in 1849-50 in company with those of Beta
Theta Pi and Alpha Delta Phi. .The faculty,
responsible for the exodus, regarded fratern-
ities "... as a great irresponsible authority, a
monster power which lays hands on every col-
lege faculty in our country." . There was, fear
of "debauchery, drunkenness, pugilism, and
duelling."
The dispute culminated in a state-wide uproar,
letters asking advice of Eastern Universities, and
finally, in the establishment of the "status quo"
as before.
-Milt Freudenheim
Setinius' Team .. .
EXACTLY what happened between President
Roosevelt and the group of fighting senators
who opposed the confirmation of the new team
of State Department millionaires including
Jimmie Dunn, Julius Holmes, Will Clayton and
Nelson Rockefeller, can now be revealed for the
first time. It has important bearing on the
question of whether Truman will keep them on.
On the last morning of the debate against
confirmation of the Stettinius-Hopkins team,
Senator James Murray of Montana came to a
caucus in Senator Guffey's (Pennsylvania) of-
fice. Also present was hard-hitting Senator
Claude Pepper of Florida. Murray pointed out
that Senator Bilbo and Senator LaFollette had
just about walked out on the fight, and sug-
gested that they consult the White House, since
President Roosevelt had returned to the execu-
tive mansion that morning.
After much debate, Senator Guffey agreed to
call the President. He picked up the phone, and
told Roosevelt that opposition to the confirm-
ation of the State Department was based on
very sound grounds, primarily that the new State
Department clique would try to scuttle F.D.R's
foreign policy.
(Copyright, 1945, Bell Syndicate)
I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:
Republican Party
By SAMUEL GRAFTON
CONSIDER the Republican party, for its
troubles are many. It is split. Part of it
wants to go forward into the brave new world,
and part of it doesn't.
The "intellectual" wing of the party, consist-
ing of the Willkie forces, the New York Herald
Tribune, Harold E. Stassen, etc., would like to
cut tariffs, and see us move ahead into a
broader world trade. But the intellectual wing
of the party has very few members in Con-
gress. It is a curious situation; the party's
most glamorous and presentable figures have
next to no organizational power.
The truly exciting Republican pronounce-
ments these days come from newspapers aligned
with the party, from. a former governor with
an eye on the presidency, from friends of Will-
kie. But when we turn to Congress, the picture
changes almost completely.
In the lower House, all ten Republicans on the
Ways and Means Committee are engaged in
deadly warfare against a bill to cut our tariffs
further. They are working at this like shock
troops, without a doubt in their minds.1
The party's honorary colonels may imagine
that they are heading up the parade, but if
they will look back over their shoulders, they
will see that the privates and non-corns of the
G.O.P. organization have turned up another
street altogether.
Governor Dewey, as titular head of the
party, whatever that means, is in an admir-
able position to bring the two factions to-
gether on a program. . But the Governor has
always made it a kind of mystery as to which
wing he really belongs to; and he has not lifted
the veil since the campaign ended. Mr. Dewey
is not really a bridge connecting the two fac-
tions, he is more of a secret tunnel between
them.
In the absence of his leadership, another solu-
tion is being found. It is a strange and desper-
ate one. The Republican party seems to be
slowly evolving the policy of being for Dumbar-
ton Oaks (or San Francisco) and for nothing
else.
This is its compromise. This is its effort to lift
the mists and headaches of conflict from party
councils. It will support the verbal side of the
peace, the structural side of the peace, the ad-
jectival side of the peace. But it will oppose the
the concrete side of the peace, the lower-tariffs
and-Bretton-Woods side, the substantive side of
the peace. It is not a question of whether the
party sincerely believes, on evidence, that a
world organization is enough, and that we don't
really need economic measures. Nor is it a
question of a sinister Republican plot against
international economic measures. It is a case
of a party fumbling for a compromise which
will hold its forces together.
* : >
But the price for holding the Republican party
together in this way may be for the world to
fly apart; and it would be of only limited nation-
al usefulness to come out with a united Repub-
lican party on a disunited globe.
From the national point of view our prob-
lem is not one of unity within the Republican
party, but of unity between the leaders of that
party, and the new President. It will be a
tragedy if any considerable number of G.O.P.
internationalists sell out for the lesser unity.
Even from the G.O.P.'s point of view, it might
be said that the party's troubles over the last
fifteen years are due to the fact that it has
never made its peace with the majority; and
any petty unity it can find, entirely within
itself, on the terms outlined above, will prove
another false cure for its headache.
(Copyright, 1945, New York Post Syndicate)
TELL THE PEOPLE by Pearl Buck.
John Day Co. $1.50
A MORE unpretentious book on
China than this would be hard to
find. "Tell the People" is a record
of Pearl Buck's talks with James Yen
on the Chinese Mass Education
Movement, of which he is the found-
er and leader. Because the Move-
ment has already been influential in
China, and because it is conceivable
that it may be of even greater sig-
nificance in a post-war China
brought into closer relationship with
the United States, the volume should
be of interest to American readers.
Much of the book is given over
to the history, aims, and methods
of the Mass Education Movement.
James Yen, as reported by the au-
thor, tells of how he studied in the
United States, went to France dur-
ing World War I as a welfare work-
er attached to Chinese labor bat-
talions, and thus became interest-
ed in the problem of illiteracy in
China. He worked out a simplified
or "basic" Chinese, consisting of
one thousand of the most common-
ly used characters, and taught this
simplified Chinese to the illiterate
coolies. He then discovered that
his students had nothing to read,
since a knowledge of several thou-
sand characters is necessary to the
reading of ordinary printed mate-
rial. This difficulty he solved by
starting a small newspaper of his
own, limiting it to the "thousand
characters." Thus for the first time
in their lives the coolies read of
national and world events.
After the close of the war, James
Yen returned to China, and encour-
aged by his success in his initial ven-
ture, interested others in his scheme
for combatting illiteracy. He set up
a demonstration center in Tinghsien,
staffed it with volunteer teachers,
and was once again successful. Other
centers followed, but by this time the
original idea of teaching illiterates
to read and write had expanded into
a four-point program: education,
Dominic Says
CAN WE UNDERSTAND San Fran-
cisco without beingtreligious?
Prof. Ernest M. Ligon is the director
of a series of educational experiments
at Union College, Schenectady, New
York, that illustrate a twofold thesis,
namely: Attitudes are the goal of
family life and churches have been
entrusted with the destiny of human-
ity. In his "Psychology of the Chris-
tian Personality" he restates the
eight Beatitudes given by Jesus in
the fifth chapter of Mathew's gospel
in psychological terms, as follows:
"Happy are the poor in spirit: for
theirs is the kingdom of heaven"
is the attitude he calls Vision.
"Happy are they who hunger and
thirst after righteousness: for they
shall be filled" he calls Love of
Righteousness and Truth.
"Happy are the meek: for they
shall inherit the earth" is the at-
titude of Faith in the Friendliness
of the Universe.
"Happy are the pure in heart for
they shall see God" is the attitude
he calls Dominating Purpose.
"Happy are they that mourn:
for they shall be comforted" is the
attitude of Being Sensitive to the
Needs of Others.
"Happy are the merciful: for
they shall obtain mercy" is the at-
titude of Forgiveness.
"Happy are the peacemakers:
for they shall be called the sons
of God" is the attitude of Mag-
nanimity.
"Happy are they who are perse-
cuted for righteousness' sake: for
theirs is the Kingdom of heaven"
becomes the attitude of Christian
Courage.
Had we of the Christian Church
taught the Sermon on The Mount
successfully, using all of our western
facilities of education, counseling,
and social science to produce in our
population the attitudes Jesus there
announced, the San Francisco dele-
gates could convene expecting a
world order to function.
In his "Their Future Is Now", a
book specifically developed to set
forth the application of his theory
of Christian traits, Prof. Ligon ap-
plies a series of teaching principles
grade by grade for use in teaching
these attitudes and m e a s u r i n g
growth in religious behavior.
In concluding, an article in Re-
ligious Education, Nov.-Dec. 1944,
Prof. Ligon says, "The laws of char-
acter and personality are as inher-
ent in the nature of the universe
as the laws of gravitation." .In a
way the calling of the San Fran-
cisco Conference presupposes that
mankind has these attitudes and,
given adequate social and political
instruments, will practice them.
-Edward W. Blakeman
Counselor in Religious Education
in, new methods in agriculture were
taught, farm co-operatives were es-
tablished, and an interest in local
government was stimulated. In other
words, illiteracy was no longer re-
garded as the only cause of the de-
pressed condition of the Chinese
masses. "Any people in any part of
the world are entitled to a minimum
of educaion, a minimum of livelihood,
a minimum of health and self-rule,"
Mr. Yen maintains, and his demon-
stration centers, backed to some ex-
tent by the Chinese government, were
well on their way to attaining this
minimum when the war intervened.
The final expansion of Mr. Yen's
ideas is his recommendation of his
program "for three-fourths of the
world's people because it is a pro-
gram for reconstruction which can
be carried out by the people them-
selves."
It is only fair to point out that
despite the very tangible successes
at the demonstration centers the
Movement has had critics almost
from the start. Some exponents of
popular education in China main-
tain that the traditional system of
character writing must be aban-
doned in favor of a phonetic tran-
script in Roman letters of the Chi-
nese speech sounds. Others point out
that graduates of the Movement's
public health, agriculture, and self- schools are not equipped to read Chi-
government. Doctors were brought nese books or newspapers: they arc
limited to special material written
in the thousand characters. Still
others argue that many learn the
characters only to forget them almost
immediately, and that the demon-
stration centers operate under ideal
conditions which cannot be duplicat-
ed throughout China.
Mr. Yen makes no attempt to
answer such criticisms. His ideal-
ism and faith in his program are
apparent in his every statement,
and the influence of his work upon
elementary education in China is
generally recognized. Of the future
of the Movement in post-war
China, Mr. Yen says nothing. Un-
doubtedly China will experience a
great post-war expansion of popu-
lar education under government
auspices, but the students will be
the youth of China. The peculiar
merit of Mr. Yen's project is that
it attempts to render adults liter-
ate, to transform millions within
one generation, and that in its
later development it attemps to
improve the conditions of life
among the poorer classes. On the
basis of Mr. Yen's record in dem-
onstration centers, it seems only
right that he should be given an
opportunity to continue his work
on a larger scale.
-A. L. Bader
4
A-
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
;'il
SUNDAY, APRIL 29, 1945
VOL. LV, No. 134
Publication in the Daily Official Bul-
letin is constructive notice to all mem-
bers of the University. Notices for the
Bulletin should be sent in typewritten
form to the Assistant to the President,
1021 Angell hal, by 2:30 p. m. of the day
preceding publication (10:30 a. m. Sat-
urdays).
CENTRAL WAR TIME USED IN
THE DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN.
Notices
Student Tea: President and Mrs.
Ruthven will be at home to students
Wednesday afternoon, May 2, from
3 to 5 o'clock.
Interviewing for junior positions
and for the central committee of
Junior Girls project will be extended
to next week. Interviewing will be
held from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 Tuesday
in the Council Room. Those sopho-
mores who were unable to arrange
for an interview this week should
sign up for one on Tuesday. The
sign-up sheet will be posted today in
the Undergraduate office in the
League.
State of Michigan Civil Service An-
nouncements for Telephone Operator
A2, salary $135 to $155 per month,
Cartographic Engineering Draftsman
I, $180 to $220 per month, Cartogra-
phic Engineer II, and III, $230 to
$340 per month, Statistician II, III,
and IV, $230 to $420 per month, and
Law Stenographer A, $150 to $170
per month, have been received in our
office. For further information stop
in at 201 Mason Hall. Bureau of
Appointments.
City of Detroit Civil Service An-
nouncements for the following, have
been received in our office. City Plan
Effectuatorsalary $4,761, Sr. City
Plan Effectuator, salary $6,230, Sr.
Social Economist, salary $3,750 to
$4,260, Prin. Social Economist, salary
$4,830 to $5,451, Sr. City Planner
Grade I, salary $3,933, Sr. City Plan-
ner Grade II, salary $4,761, and Prin-
cipal City Planner, salary $5,451.
For further information stop in at
201 Mason Hall, Bureau of Appoint-
ments..
Senior Engineers, Business Admin-
istration and Chemistry: Mr. G. D.
Close of Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Company is interested in interview-
ing Seniors for positions. He will be
in Rm. 218' West Engineering Build-
ing on Monday, April 30, from 9 a.m.
to 3 p.m.
Interview schedule is posted on the
Bulletin Board at Rm. 221 W. Eng.
Bldg
Lectures
University Lecture: Mr. Thomas
Whittemore, Director of the Byzan-
tine Institute, will lecture on the
subject "The Mosaics of S. Sophia"
(illustrated) at 3:15 p.m., Tuesday,
May 1, in the Rackham Amphithea-
ter under the auspices of the Depart-
ments of Greek and History. The
public is cordially invited.
University Lecture. Dr. Chiang
Monlin, President of the Provisional
National University of China, will
speak on "Educational Problems of
China," on Monday, May 7, at 3:15
p.m. in the Rackham Amphitheater,
under the auspices of the Department
Concerts
Organ Recital: Mary McCall Stub-
bins, organist at the First Methodist
Church, will appear in recital as
guest organist in Hill Auditorium,
this afternoon, April 29, at 3 :15 CWT.
A graduate of the School of Music,
Mrs. Stubbins has planned a 'pro-
gram to include works by Fresco-
baldi, Bach, Liszt, Howells, and Sow-
erby. The recital is'open to the gen-
eral public.
Student Recital: Betty Jean Huser,
a student in piano under Joseph
Brinkman, will present a recital in
partial fulfillment of the require-
ments for the degree of Bachelor of
Music, at 7:30 p.m. CWT, Lydia Men-
delssohn Theater.
Miss Huser's program will consist
of compositions by Bach, Beethoven
and Ravel. The public is cordially
invited.
May Festival Concerts. To avoid
confusion and embarrassment, the
sympathetic co-operation of Festival
concert-goers is respectfully request-
ed, as follows:
The public will please come suf-
ficiently early as to be seated on
time, since doors will be closed and
latecomers will not be admitted dur-
ing numbers.
Holders of season tickets will please
detach the coupons for the respective
concerts before leaving home, and
present for admission, instead of pre-
senting the entire season ticket.
Those leaving the auditorium dur-
ing intermission are required to pre-
sent door checks for re-admission.
Parking regulations will be en-
forced by the Ann Arbor Police De-
partment.
The several concerts will take place
as follows:
Thursday, May 3, 8:30 E.W.T. (7:30
C.W.T.)-Ezio Pinza, bass; Philadel-
phia Orchestra, Eugene Ormandy,
Conductor.
Friday, May 3, 8:30 E.W.T. (7:30
C.W.T.) - Oscar Levant, pianist;
Philadelphia Orchestra; Choral
Union; Eugene Ormandy and Hardin
Van Deursen, conductors.
Saturday, May 5, 2:30 E.W.T. (1:30
C.W.T.) -Zino Francescatti, violinist;
Festival Youth Chorus; Paul Leyssac;
narrator; Philadelphia Orchestra;
Saul Caston and Marguerite Hood,
conductors.
Saturday, May 5, 8:30 E.W.T. (7:30
C.W.T.-Bidu Sayao, soprano; Rosa-
lind Nadell, contralto; Women's
Chorus of the Choral Union; Saul
Caston and Hardin Van Deursen,
conductors.
Sunday, May 6, 2:30 E.W.T. (1:30
C.W.T.) - Rudolf Serkin, pianist;
Philadelphia Orchestra; Eugene Or-
mandy, conductor.
Sunday, May 6, 8:30 E.W.T. (7:30
C.W.T.) -Eleanor Steber, soprano;
Hertha Glaz, contralto; Frederick
Jagel, tenor; Nicola Moscona, bass;
University Choral Union; Philadel-
phia Orchestra; Eugene Ormandy
and Hardin Van Deursen, conductors.
1
,#
Exhibitions
BARNABY
And so, O'Malley Enterprises
is fundamentally sound-
Er, such phenomena are difficult to explain. Back
in 1930a theory of sun spots was promulgated-
By Crockett Johnson
Cop,,,,,,.,,45. Th NewspapePMI. ~
CPWhen Jake finishes his audit
we'll have a clear, realistic,
Sixteenth Annual Exhibition of
Sculpture of the Institute of Fine
Arts, in the Concourse of the Michi-
gan League Building. Opening eve-
ning May 1, after which display will
be on view daily until Commence-
ment.
Events Today
Inter-Guild Council: All members
of the Inter-Guild Council are re-
.4