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Weather
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VOL. LIV No. 144 ANN ARBOR, MIChIGAN, THIIRSiAY, MAY 25, 1944
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Allies
RAF
Break
Follows
Through
Hitler
Line, Appian
Way;
Yank
Raid
with
Smash
at
Berlin
7,000 Planes
Hit Nazi Points
In Day Attack
Flying Fortresses Go
From English Channel
To Targets in Balkans
By The Associated Press
LONDON, May 25, Thursday.-Ber-
lin was bombed just after midnight-
its second blasting within about 12
hours-as RAP night raiders followed
history's greatest aerial assault by
7,000 bombers and fighters upon Hit-
ler's Europe yesterday from bases in
Britain and Italy.
The Reich capital, raided Tuesday
night by RAF Mosquitoes, was sub-
jected to °its 11th American assault
of the war by nearly 1,000 Flying
Fortresses and as many escorting
fighters in the climax of Wednesday's
daylight operation. Aachen, Rhine
Valley industrial center and railway
city 35 miles west of Cologne, was
also heavily raided overnight.
From the Atlantic wall to points
deep in the Balkans, more than 5,500
tons of explosives were dropped by
British-based and Italy-based squad-
rons in the daylight attacks.
77 Nazi Planes Downed
Seventy - seven German fighters
were shot down in fierce sky battles
along the route to Berlin, which was
attacked by a strong force of Flying
Fortresses from above a cloud cover,
while from all British-based opera-
tions by Americans 32 bombers and
16 fighters were missing.
A Liberator wing pounced on the
Paris area, undefended by the over-
matched Nazi air force, and ham-
mered enemy airfields at Melun and
Orly to the south and Creil to the
northeast.
Assault Coordinated
In a gigantic co-ordinated assault,
Allied bombers and fighters from
bases in Italy flew 2,700 sorties, strik-
ing in the vicinity of Vienna, at rail
links in northern Italy and at other
targets in Austria aid Yugoslavia.
Other fighters and fighter bombers
in this sixth straight day of aerial
invasion raked railyards and airfields
behind the channel fortifications in
occupied France and Belgium and in
the Boulogne area.
Reds Hand Bulgaria
Slern Li lerna trn
LONDON, May 24 -(p)- Indica-
tions that Bulgaria must stop aiding
Hitler or sacrifice her long-strained
friendship with i Russia came today
as Germans attempted to soft-pedal
an apparent crisis in the Cabinet of
thze Balkan cuntry.
A report heard in Ankara by tele-
graph said the Soviet had handed
Bulgaria a stern ultimatum Monday
that relations would be broken un-
less there was a change in the Bal-
kan country's policy and fixed mid-
night Thursday as a deadline.
EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW OF WAR:
Yanks Retake
T erracina in
Churchill Urges World
Association with Power
fob
By Tile Associated Press
LONDON, May 24.-PrimesMinister
Churchill declared today that Ger-
any might have her home frontiers
reduced after the war if that should
seem necessary for future peace, and
he advocated a post-war "world or-
ganization" armed with "overwhelm-
ing military power" to keep this
peace.
In an exhaustive review of the
world at war before the House of
Commons, Churchill specifically
though diplomatically advised Spain
and Turkey that an Allied victory
was coming with or without the sup-
port of new recruits, and, declaring
that the war has been growing "less
ideological in character," he said,
"there seems to be a great desire
among the people of Britain and
Russia to be friends."n
OpensPolicy Debate
Opening a foreign policy debate in
the House of Commons, Churchill
spoke for an hour and 25 minutes,
running the gamut of Britain's for-
eign relations. He said gravely and
simply that the British Common-
wealth and Empire had now discussed
and solved all their major immediate
Yank Top
By LEONARD MILLIMAN
Associated Press War Editor
Reinforced American troops broke
a five-day stalemate on northwest
New Guinea, Gen. Douglas MacAr-
thur announced today (Thursday),
and pushed across the Tor River to-
ward two Japanese airdromes on
Maffin Bay.
Destroyers, lobbing their shells in
from close offshore, helped silence
Japanese mortars, primary stumbling
block in the advance of the Sixth
Army troops near the Wakde islands.
About 300 miles down the coast
Japanese patrols from the bypassed
Wewak area made a sharp hit and
run attack on the eastern flank of
the extensive American beachhead
fanning out from Aitape.
In a 30-minute air battle over Truk
between 40 Japanese interceptors
and a heavily outnumbered flight of
United States Liberators from the
South Pacific, two Nipponese fighters
and one American bomber were shot
down. The fight began as the Am-,
ericans bombed the Carolines island
stronghold, in daylight.
Monsoons, mountains and Japan-
ese slowed but failed to halt the Al-
lied drive to regain control of the
BurmaiRoad, long severed supply
route to China, Allied commanders
announced yesterday.
problems and were ranged in com-
pleeunity with the Allies "to.beat
the enemy as soon s possible."
He mentioned only once the "west-
ern front" as it is commonly defined,
and then to observe jocularly that
"all this talk" of invasion across the
channel was keeping Hitler frantic.
He gave no hint as to when or where
the assault would be.
As to the immediate world picture,
these were Churchill's principal
points:
Turkish Wooing Suspended
1. That the Allies after having
handed to Turkey $80,000,000 worth
of American and British arms had
"suspended the process of trying to
exhort Turkey to range herself with
the victorious United Powers." He
said that in any case the Allies would
win in the Balkans, although Turkish
aid would be "a great acceleration in
that process" and would assure for
her a position at the peace table she
would not get otherwise.
2. An unusual gesture of friendli-
ness toward Spain in which he de-
clared he had "no sympathy with
those who think it clever and even
funny to insult and abuse the Span-
ish government."
3. That "with the approval of
President Roosevelt" Gen. Charles
DeGaulle was coming to England
shortly as an invited guest because
"there is nothing like talking things
over."
No Fascism in Italy
4. That the Italian people after
complete liberation would be free to
establish their own government so
long as It was democratic-"I empha-
size the word democratic because we
could not allow any form of fascism
to be set up in any country with
which we have been at war."
5. That "things between Russia
and Poland are not so bad as they
may appear on the surface."
6. That Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia
was sending a personal military rep-
resentative here in order "that all
forces in Yugoslavia may be united
under the military direction of Mar-
shal Tito to expel the Hitlerite in-
vaders."
Populr Writer
Of Fictio 1n Dies
SAN DIEGO, Calif., May 24.-()-
Harold Bell Wright, 72, author of
some of the nation's most popular
fiction, died today in the Scripps
Memorial Clinic in La Jolla, cean-
front residential district.
Wright, who left the pulpit to be-
come a widely read author, became
ill about two weeks ago and entered
the hospital last week. He died of
bronchial pneumonia. His wife was
at the bedside.
Born in Rome, N.Y., on May 4, 1872,
Wright attended Hiram College in
Ohio. Before he was 21, he took
to brushes and tubes and went to the
Ozark Mountains in Missouri, where
he later became a preacher.
Although he did not devote all of
his time and efforts to the writing1
of fiction until after his retirement
from the ministry at Redlands, Calif.,
he became popular in 1903.
His most widely read novels, "The
Winning of Barbara Worth," and
"The Shepherd of the Hills," each
reached the million mark in sales.
UNCLE SAl'S NEW WEAPON AGAINST PLANES-Big 4.7-inch anti-aircraft guns, the U.S. Army's
new powerful "stratosphere" weapons, are lined up i i the final assembly area of the Grand Rapids
Stamping Division of Fisher Body plant in Detroit, prior to shipping, The Army says the guns can fire a
shell higher than the altitudes attained by present-day planes.
Warren Asks
SNo Mention'
On GOP Ticket
Possibility of Party
Draft Is Left Open
Gov. Earl Warren asked Californ-
ia's 50 Republican National Conven-
tion delegates yesterday not to pre-
sent his name to the convention "for
any position-a move.interpreted in
Washington political circles as leav-
ing Warren still subject to "draft"
for second place on the ticket.
However, Rep. Gearhart (Rep.,
Calif.) classified Warren as of "pres-
idential caliber" and added if he
continues in the governorship "He'll
be running for President at the prop-
er time-four years from now, or
even eight."
California's 50 delegates are nom-
inally pledged to Warren, but sup-
porters of Gov. Thomas E. Dewey
have been looking hopefully to them
to support the New Yorker after a
complimentary vote for the west
coast governor.
Dewey's delegate strength for first
place on the ticket today stood at
384--including 90 pledged, and 294
who are claimed for him or who oth-
erwise have expressed a preference.
A total of 530 is needed for a nom-
ination.
Former Student is
Missing ii Action
Second Lt. Raymond K. Plaines,
aged 22, former University student,
has been reported missing in action
by the War Department, according
to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Acenith
A. Hill of 911 Dewey Ave.
Lt. Haines is a navigator in the
Army Air Corps. He is a lifelong
resident of Ann Arbor, and was grad-
uated from Ann Arbor High School in
1940. He entered the University in
1941, and received a year's ROTC
training on campus.
Lt. Haines enlisted Jan. 5, 1943.1
He was trained for three months at
Nashville, Tenn. and received his
navigator's wings on Jan. 15, 1944.
70 PER CENT RESTORED:-
Medical Strides Help Return
Wound Soviets To Combat
-
"Because of the recent develop-
ments in medicine in the Soviet Un-
ion, approximately 70 per cent of the
wounded in the Red Army are re-
stored to active duty," Dr. Jack Agins,
chairman of the general practice sec-
tion of the Wayne County Medical
Society, said in a lecture yesterday in
the Natural Science Auditorium.
He said that during the last war
Biddle Declares
Wa rd Seizure
WASHINGTON, May 24.- (P)--
Attorney-General Biddle declared to-
day that President Roosevelt would
have "risked disaster" if he had not
ordered the Montgomery Ward plant
in Chicago seized, and added that
the use of troops to do it probably
avoided violence.
Unless the action was taken to
end a labor dispute, Biddle told a
House committee, the government
might as well have told all labor and
industry that it did not intend to
back up its own War Labor Board.
This might have led to widespread
strikes which would have menaced
the war effort, he contended.
Timidity might have avoided "crit-
icism" for the President, Biddle as-
serted, but the character of the case,
the size and nature of the business
and the defiance of the company
justified the steps.
Biddle said the decision to use
troops came after Sewell Avery,
chairman of the board of Ward's,
refused to recognize the authority of
the U.S. marshals.
"I know the way marshals act,"
Biddle testified to the Ramspeck
Committee investigating the legality
of the seizure.
"I wouldn't trust a marshal to take
over a plant. Soldiers removed Mr.
Avery much more quietly and sensi=
bly than the marshals would have.
That made a better picture and that
may have been what he wanted."
the Russian Army suffered a high
mortality rate because the soldiers;
were left on the battlefield until it
was dark. As soon as this war broke
out it became a law that the wounded
must be carried off immediately de-
spite gunfire.
Death Rate Down
"The death rate due to spinal.
wounds has dropped 80 per cent.
Russian doctors in the present war
have practically performed miracles.
In cases where an amputation for-
merly would have been necessary,
arms and legs have often been saved
by transplanting nerves taken from a
dead person to a person who has been
injured," he stated.
Dr. Agins said that doctors have
progressed so far in this field that
nerves taken from corpses can be
preserved. -
"One doctor in that country has
developed a serum to prevent pre-
mature aging. He claims that the
normal span of life should be 150
years. There has also been great
development in the field of brain
surgery. In the first World War they
had a 70 per cent mortality due to
brain injuries, now 70 per cent of the
patients receiving such injuries re-
cover," he explained.
Women TDoctors Increase
According to Dr. Agins there were
12,435 doctors in Russia in 1892 and
162,000 in 1942. In 1892 four per cent
of the medical students were women
while in 1934 over 75 per cent were
women.'
"Under the Tzarist regime, medi-
cine was greatly neglected. Great
progress has been made since that
time, however, so that today free
medical care is available to everyone.
One of the many examples that
might be given to illustrate this pro-
gress is the law which requires that
all children be immunized against
smallpox, diphtheria and scarlet fe-
ver,' Dr. Agins concluded.
Pa tton Blocked .
WASHINVGTON1 , May 24.-{A')-In
an echo of the soldier-slapping inci-
dent which stirred a sharp contro-
versy six months ago, the 'Senate
!Military Affairs Committee today
blocked "Indefinitely" the promotion
of Lt.-Gen. George S. Patton, Jr., to
the perrmanent rank of major-gen-
eral,
Four of the 13 officers were ap-
proved for promotion to the rank of
major-general: Lt.-Gen. Joseph W.
Stilwell, commanding American and
Chinese troops in China; Lt.-Gen.
Jonathan W. Wainwright, who be-
came a Japanese prisoner with the
fall of Corregidor; Lt.-Gen. Brehon
B. Somervell, chief of the Army ser-
vice forces and Lt.-Gen. Joseph T.
McNarney, deputy chief of staff.
Coastal Sector
Bitter Fighting Rages
For Cisterna North
Of Anzio Beachhead
By The Associated Press
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
NAPLES, May 24.-Canadian tanks
broke through the heart of the Hitler
Line today and swept up the Liri Val-
ley to the Melfa River, 13 miles from
Vassino; American troops recaptured
Terracina on the coast, and a Yank
armored avalanche burst from the
Anzio beachhead and cut the Appian
Way barely 25 miles from Rome.
The Canadians, thrown into the
Italian fighting as a separate army
corps for the first time, smashed
through the Hitler Line at its strong-
est point and raced on five miles be-
yond Pontecorvo, threatening to trap
German garrisons there and at Aqui-
no, two of the most powerful fortress-
towns in the enemy defense belt.
Yanks Reach Pontine Plain
Reoccupation of the town brought
the Americans in the coastal sector
to the southern tip of the Pontine
plain, less than 30 miles down the
Appian Way from where bitter fight-
ing raged for Cisterna, enemy bastion
at the north of the Anzio beachhead.
Tonight doughboys swarmed in
upon Cisterna after having cut a
mile stretch of the Appian lifeline
southeast of the town and severed its
railway connection with Rome to the
northwest. The Yanks literally were
blasting their way. through the Ger-
mans' intricate defenses within a
half-mile of Cisterna's town square.
Armored Attack Continues
In a late dispatch from the beach-
head Daniel De Luce of the Associated
Press said the armored charge still
was going forward unchecked at 8
p.m. and that hundreds of German
prisoners still were streaming to the
rear at sunset.
Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's
hard-pressed Tenth Army forces in
the Terracina sector were left with
only one means of escaping the great
Allied nutcracker-a secondary lat-
eral road winding across the Italian
waist to the Via Casilina,-and at
latest report a swift American col-
umn advancing through the moun-
tains north of Terracina was within
three miles of blocking that artery.
Late today flights of American In-
vader dive-bombers caught many
Nazi convoys racing along the escape
road from Terracina and destroyed
nearly 100 vehicles.
I nvatsion Spy
Force Tutored
Eisenhower Instructs
Underground Fighters
LONDON, May 24.-(P)-Broad-
casts hinting at imminent war devel-
opments were transmitted from both
Moscow and Berlin tonight as Gen.
Dwight D. Ensenhower sought to
mold Europe's restless millions into a
vast espionage force to support the
invasion.
German editors were ordered in a
DNB statement recorded by the Daily
Herald to stand by at 1:30 p.m. (7:30
a.m. Eastern War Time) Sunday for
"a possible special announcement."
Red Army troops, after a five-week
rest, were advised by the Moscow
radio that "soon you will be called
von to accomplish the liberation of
Soviet territory and also to liberate
other European nations from the
German fascist oppressor."
From Eisenhower's headquarters,
concise spy instructions were broad-
cast to the European .underground.
Team ster' trike
Cuts Bread Suppl
DETROIT, May 25, Thursday-(A)
--Members of the AFL Teamsters'
Union began at midnight a strike
which a union official estimated
would cut off 90 per cent of the city's
bread supply.
The action, which Sam Hurst,
HIGHER ENROLLMENTS:
cU' Students Show Increased
Int"erest i Wo.rld Problems
Editor's Note: This article appears
in connection with this week's Poll of
student reading habits. Questions be-
ing asked by The Daily interviewers
are: 1. Can you honestly say that you
read beyond the scope of your assigned
class reading? 2. Do you follow the
current news?
"There is a decided increase in in-
terest in international affairs among
students today, but this interest is
not enough," Dr. Everett S. Brown,
acting chairman of the political
science department, stated in an in-
terview yesterday.
Dr. Brown said that this increase
in interest is clearly shown in the
increased enrollment in political
science courses, and in the wider ciri-
culation of metropolitan newspapers
among students.
"The enrollment of our depart-
ment has increased considerably, es-
pecially as far as women are con-
cerned. That the number of women
excee the men is only natural in
interest among students in organiza-
tions concerned with political affairs,
as further evidence that students are
daily becoming more interested in
political and international affairs.
NATIONAL DEFICIT SITUATION NOT SO APPALLING:
Palmer Advocates Middle-of-Road Policy on Debt
Advocating a middle-of-the-road
policy for post-war national debt
reduction, William A. Palmer of the
economics department said, "We
should not be so appalled by the
size of the national debt that we
proceed to reduce it without regard
to the economic effects such reduc-
tion will have.
"On the other hand, we should
not adopt the opposing view that
the size of the national debt is a
By MARGARET FARMER
Editor's Note: This is the second in a series of three articles on post-war
economic planning. The opinions presented are not necessarily those of any
department of the University, and The Daily does not intend to imply that
they are the only reasonable views on
be a discussion of the tax system.
maturity from a few months to ten
years or more, in face value from
the ten-cen savings stamps to the
thousand-dollar bond, in yield from
a fraction of a per cent to nearly
three per cent, and in ownership
these subjects. Tomorrow's article will
of bonds, and of the sources of the
funds with which bonds are re-
tired if there is a net reduction in
the size of the debt.
"Too rapid a reduction in the
balanced by an increase in state
and municipal debt is frequently
overlooked, he said, "but the use
of debt retirement as a means of
avoiding an inflationary boom such
as that experienced in 1919 and
1920 should not be ignored."
Turning to the view that the size
of the debt is of no public concern,
Palmer asserted that "the infla-
tionary periods through which
most European countries passed
after the last war were not unre-