ii: 431Z iaitjj Weather Cloud~y VOL. LIV No. 144 ANN ARBOR, MIChIGAN, THIIRSiAY, MAY 25, 1944 PRICE FIVE CENTS Allies RAF Break Follows Through Hitler Line, Appian Way; Yank Raid with Smash at Berlin 7,000 Planes Hit Nazi Points In Day Attack Flying Fortresses Go From English Channel To Targets in Balkans By The Associated Press LONDON, May 25, Thursday.-Ber- lin was bombed just after midnight- its second blasting within about 12 hours-as RAP night raiders followed history's greatest aerial assault by 7,000 bombers and fighters upon Hit- ler's Europe yesterday from bases in Britain and Italy. The Reich capital, raided Tuesday night by RAF Mosquitoes, was sub- jected to °its 11th American assault of the war by nearly 1,000 Flying Fortresses and as many escorting fighters in the climax of Wednesday's daylight operation. Aachen, Rhine Valley industrial center and railway city 35 miles west of Cologne, was also heavily raided overnight. From the Atlantic wall to points deep in the Balkans, more than 5,500 tons of explosives were dropped by British-based and Italy-based squad- rons in the daylight attacks. 77 Nazi Planes Downed Seventy - seven German fighters were shot down in fierce sky battles along the route to Berlin, which was attacked by a strong force of Flying Fortresses from above a cloud cover, while from all British-based opera- tions by Americans 32 bombers and 16 fighters were missing. A Liberator wing pounced on the Paris area, undefended by the over- matched Nazi air force, and ham- mered enemy airfields at Melun and Orly to the south and Creil to the northeast. Assault Coordinated In a gigantic co-ordinated assault, Allied bombers and fighters from bases in Italy flew 2,700 sorties, strik- ing in the vicinity of Vienna, at rail links in northern Italy and at other targets in Austria aid Yugoslavia. Other fighters and fighter bombers in this sixth straight day of aerial invasion raked railyards and airfields behind the channel fortifications in occupied France and Belgium and in the Boulogne area. Reds Hand Bulgaria Slern Li lerna trn LONDON, May 24 -(p)- Indica- tions that Bulgaria must stop aiding Hitler or sacrifice her long-strained friendship with i Russia came today as Germans attempted to soft-pedal an apparent crisis in the Cabinet of thze Balkan cuntry. A report heard in Ankara by tele- graph said the Soviet had handed Bulgaria a stern ultimatum Monday that relations would be broken un- less there was a change in the Bal- kan country's policy and fixed mid- night Thursday as a deadline. EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW OF WAR: Yanks Retake T erracina in Churchill Urges World Association with Power fob By Tile Associated Press LONDON, May 24.-PrimesMinister Churchill declared today that Ger- any might have her home frontiers reduced after the war if that should seem necessary for future peace, and he advocated a post-war "world or- ganization" armed with "overwhelm- ing military power" to keep this peace. In an exhaustive review of the world at war before the House of Commons, Churchill specifically though diplomatically advised Spain and Turkey that an Allied victory was coming with or without the sup- port of new recruits, and, declaring that the war has been growing "less ideological in character," he said, "there seems to be a great desire among the people of Britain and Russia to be friends."n OpensPolicy Debate Opening a foreign policy debate in the House of Commons, Churchill spoke for an hour and 25 minutes, running the gamut of Britain's for- eign relations. He said gravely and simply that the British Common- wealth and Empire had now discussed and solved all their major immediate Yank Top By LEONARD MILLIMAN Associated Press War Editor Reinforced American troops broke a five-day stalemate on northwest New Guinea, Gen. Douglas MacAr- thur announced today (Thursday), and pushed across the Tor River to- ward two Japanese airdromes on Maffin Bay. Destroyers, lobbing their shells in from close offshore, helped silence Japanese mortars, primary stumbling block in the advance of the Sixth Army troops near the Wakde islands. About 300 miles down the coast Japanese patrols from the bypassed Wewak area made a sharp hit and run attack on the eastern flank of the extensive American beachhead fanning out from Aitape. In a 30-minute air battle over Truk between 40 Japanese interceptors and a heavily outnumbered flight of United States Liberators from the South Pacific, two Nipponese fighters and one American bomber were shot down. The fight began as the Am-, ericans bombed the Carolines island stronghold, in daylight. Monsoons, mountains and Japan- ese slowed but failed to halt the Al- lied drive to regain control of the BurmaiRoad, long severed supply route to China, Allied commanders announced yesterday. problems and were ranged in com- pleeunity with the Allies "to.beat the enemy as soon s possible." He mentioned only once the "west- ern front" as it is commonly defined, and then to observe jocularly that "all this talk" of invasion across the channel was keeping Hitler frantic. He gave no hint as to when or where the assault would be. As to the immediate world picture, these were Churchill's principal points: Turkish Wooing Suspended 1. That the Allies after having handed to Turkey $80,000,000 worth of American and British arms had "suspended the process of trying to exhort Turkey to range herself with the victorious United Powers." He said that in any case the Allies would win in the Balkans, although Turkish aid would be "a great acceleration in that process" and would assure for her a position at the peace table she would not get otherwise. 2. An unusual gesture of friendli- ness toward Spain in which he de- clared he had "no sympathy with those who think it clever and even funny to insult and abuse the Span- ish government." 3. That "with the approval of President Roosevelt" Gen. Charles DeGaulle was coming to England shortly as an invited guest because "there is nothing like talking things over." No Fascism in Italy 4. That the Italian people after complete liberation would be free to establish their own government so long as It was democratic-"I empha- size the word democratic because we could not allow any form of fascism to be set up in any country with which we have been at war." 5. That "things between Russia and Poland are not so bad as they may appear on the surface." 6. That Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia was sending a personal military rep- resentative here in order "that all forces in Yugoslavia may be united under the military direction of Mar- shal Tito to expel the Hitlerite in- vaders." Populr Writer Of Fictio 1n Dies SAN DIEGO, Calif., May 24.-()- Harold Bell Wright, 72, author of some of the nation's most popular fiction, died today in the Scripps Memorial Clinic in La Jolla, cean- front residential district. Wright, who left the pulpit to be- come a widely read author, became ill about two weeks ago and entered the hospital last week. He died of bronchial pneumonia. His wife was at the bedside. Born in Rome, N.Y., on May 4, 1872, Wright attended Hiram College in Ohio. Before he was 21, he took to brushes and tubes and went to the Ozark Mountains in Missouri, where he later became a preacher. Although he did not devote all of his time and efforts to the writing1 of fiction until after his retirement from the ministry at Redlands, Calif., he became popular in 1903. His most widely read novels, "The Winning of Barbara Worth," and "The Shepherd of the Hills," each reached the million mark in sales. UNCLE SAl'S NEW WEAPON AGAINST PLANES-Big 4.7-inch anti-aircraft guns, the U.S. Army's new powerful "stratosphere" weapons, are lined up i i the final assembly area of the Grand Rapids Stamping Division of Fisher Body plant in Detroit, prior to shipping, The Army says the guns can fire a shell higher than the altitudes attained by present-day planes. Warren Asks SNo Mention' On GOP Ticket Possibility of Party Draft Is Left Open Gov. Earl Warren asked Californ- ia's 50 Republican National Conven- tion delegates yesterday not to pre- sent his name to the convention "for any position-a move.interpreted in Washington political circles as leav- ing Warren still subject to "draft" for second place on the ticket. However, Rep. Gearhart (Rep., Calif.) classified Warren as of "pres- idential caliber" and added if he continues in the governorship "He'll be running for President at the prop- er time-four years from now, or even eight." California's 50 delegates are nom- inally pledged to Warren, but sup- porters of Gov. Thomas E. Dewey have been looking hopefully to them to support the New Yorker after a complimentary vote for the west coast governor. Dewey's delegate strength for first place on the ticket today stood at 384--including 90 pledged, and 294 who are claimed for him or who oth- erwise have expressed a preference. A total of 530 is needed for a nom- ination. Former Student is Missing ii Action Second Lt. Raymond K. Plaines, aged 22, former University student, has been reported missing in action by the War Department, according to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Acenith A. Hill of 911 Dewey Ave. Lt. Haines is a navigator in the Army Air Corps. He is a lifelong resident of Ann Arbor, and was grad- uated from Ann Arbor High School in 1940. He entered the University in 1941, and received a year's ROTC training on campus. Lt. Haines enlisted Jan. 5, 1943.1 He was trained for three months at Nashville, Tenn. and received his navigator's wings on Jan. 15, 1944. 70 PER CENT RESTORED:- Medical Strides Help Return Wound Soviets To Combat - "Because of the recent develop- ments in medicine in the Soviet Un- ion, approximately 70 per cent of the wounded in the Red Army are re- stored to active duty," Dr. Jack Agins, chairman of the general practice sec- tion of the Wayne County Medical Society, said in a lecture yesterday in the Natural Science Auditorium. He said that during the last war Biddle Declares Wa rd Seizure WASHINGTON, May 24.- (P)-- Attorney-General Biddle declared to- day that President Roosevelt would have "risked disaster" if he had not ordered the Montgomery Ward plant in Chicago seized, and added that the use of troops to do it probably avoided violence. Unless the action was taken to end a labor dispute, Biddle told a House committee, the government might as well have told all labor and industry that it did not intend to back up its own War Labor Board. This might have led to widespread strikes which would have menaced the war effort, he contended. Timidity might have avoided "crit- icism" for the President, Biddle as- serted, but the character of the case, the size and nature of the business and the defiance of the company justified the steps. Biddle said the decision to use troops came after Sewell Avery, chairman of the board of Ward's, refused to recognize the authority of the U.S. marshals. "I know the way marshals act," Biddle testified to the Ramspeck Committee investigating the legality of the seizure. "I wouldn't trust a marshal to take over a plant. Soldiers removed Mr. Avery much more quietly and sensi= bly than the marshals would have. That made a better picture and that may have been what he wanted." the Russian Army suffered a high mortality rate because the soldiers; were left on the battlefield until it was dark. As soon as this war broke out it became a law that the wounded must be carried off immediately de- spite gunfire. Death Rate Down "The death rate due to spinal. wounds has dropped 80 per cent. Russian doctors in the present war have practically performed miracles. In cases where an amputation for- merly would have been necessary, arms and legs have often been saved by transplanting nerves taken from a dead person to a person who has been injured," he stated. Dr. Agins said that doctors have progressed so far in this field that nerves taken from corpses can be preserved. - "One doctor in that country has developed a serum to prevent pre- mature aging. He claims that the normal span of life should be 150 years. There has also been great development in the field of brain surgery. In the first World War they had a 70 per cent mortality due to brain injuries, now 70 per cent of the patients receiving such injuries re- cover," he explained. Women TDoctors Increase According to Dr. Agins there were 12,435 doctors in Russia in 1892 and 162,000 in 1942. In 1892 four per cent of the medical students were women while in 1934 over 75 per cent were women.' "Under the Tzarist regime, medi- cine was greatly neglected. Great progress has been made since that time, however, so that today free medical care is available to everyone. One of the many examples that might be given to illustrate this pro- gress is the law which requires that all children be immunized against smallpox, diphtheria and scarlet fe- ver,' Dr. Agins concluded. Pa tton Blocked . WASHINVGTON1 , May 24.-{A')-In an echo of the soldier-slapping inci- dent which stirred a sharp contro- versy six months ago, the 'Senate !Military Affairs Committee today blocked "Indefinitely" the promotion of Lt.-Gen. George S. Patton, Jr., to the perrmanent rank of major-gen- eral, Four of the 13 officers were ap- proved for promotion to the rank of major-general: Lt.-Gen. Joseph W. Stilwell, commanding American and Chinese troops in China; Lt.-Gen. Jonathan W. Wainwright, who be- came a Japanese prisoner with the fall of Corregidor; Lt.-Gen. Brehon B. Somervell, chief of the Army ser- vice forces and Lt.-Gen. Joseph T. McNarney, deputy chief of staff. Coastal Sector Bitter Fighting Rages For Cisterna North Of Anzio Beachhead By The Associated Press ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN NAPLES, May 24.-Canadian tanks broke through the heart of the Hitler Line today and swept up the Liri Val- ley to the Melfa River, 13 miles from Vassino; American troops recaptured Terracina on the coast, and a Yank armored avalanche burst from the Anzio beachhead and cut the Appian Way barely 25 miles from Rome. The Canadians, thrown into the Italian fighting as a separate army corps for the first time, smashed through the Hitler Line at its strong- est point and raced on five miles be- yond Pontecorvo, threatening to trap German garrisons there and at Aqui- no, two of the most powerful fortress- towns in the enemy defense belt. Yanks Reach Pontine Plain Reoccupation of the town brought the Americans in the coastal sector to the southern tip of the Pontine plain, less than 30 miles down the Appian Way from where bitter fight- ing raged for Cisterna, enemy bastion at the north of the Anzio beachhead. Tonight doughboys swarmed in upon Cisterna after having cut a mile stretch of the Appian lifeline southeast of the town and severed its railway connection with Rome to the northwest. The Yanks literally were blasting their way. through the Ger- mans' intricate defenses within a half-mile of Cisterna's town square. Armored Attack Continues In a late dispatch from the beach- head Daniel De Luce of the Associated Press said the armored charge still was going forward unchecked at 8 p.m. and that hundreds of German prisoners still were streaming to the rear at sunset. Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's hard-pressed Tenth Army forces in the Terracina sector were left with only one means of escaping the great Allied nutcracker-a secondary lat- eral road winding across the Italian waist to the Via Casilina,-and at latest report a swift American col- umn advancing through the moun- tains north of Terracina was within three miles of blocking that artery. Late today flights of American In- vader dive-bombers caught many Nazi convoys racing along the escape road from Terracina and destroyed nearly 100 vehicles. I nvatsion Spy Force Tutored Eisenhower Instructs Underground Fighters LONDON, May 24.-(P)-Broad- casts hinting at imminent war devel- opments were transmitted from both Moscow and Berlin tonight as Gen. Dwight D. Ensenhower sought to mold Europe's restless millions into a vast espionage force to support the invasion. German editors were ordered in a DNB statement recorded by the Daily Herald to stand by at 1:30 p.m. (7:30 a.m. Eastern War Time) Sunday for "a possible special announcement." Red Army troops, after a five-week rest, were advised by the Moscow radio that "soon you will be called von to accomplish the liberation of Soviet territory and also to liberate other European nations from the German fascist oppressor." From Eisenhower's headquarters, concise spy instructions were broad- cast to the European .underground. Team ster' trike Cuts Bread Suppl DETROIT, May 25, Thursday-(A) --Members of the AFL Teamsters' Union began at midnight a strike which a union official estimated would cut off 90 per cent of the city's bread supply. The action, which Sam Hurst, HIGHER ENROLLMENTS: cU' Students Show Increased Int"erest i Wo.rld Problems Editor's Note: This article appears in connection with this week's Poll of student reading habits. Questions be- ing asked by The Daily interviewers are: 1. Can you honestly say that you read beyond the scope of your assigned class reading? 2. Do you follow the current news? "There is a decided increase in in- terest in international affairs among students today, but this interest is not enough," Dr. Everett S. Brown, acting chairman of the political science department, stated in an in- terview yesterday. Dr. Brown said that this increase in interest is clearly shown in the increased enrollment in political science courses, and in the wider ciri- culation of metropolitan newspapers among students. "The enrollment of our depart- ment has increased considerably, es- pecially as far as women are con- cerned. That the number of women excee the men is only natural in interest among students in organiza- tions concerned with political affairs, as further evidence that students are daily becoming more interested in political and international affairs. NATIONAL DEFICIT SITUATION NOT SO APPALLING: Palmer Advocates Middle-of-Road Policy on Debt Advocating a middle-of-the-road policy for post-war national debt reduction, William A. Palmer of the economics department said, "We should not be so appalled by the size of the national debt that we proceed to reduce it without regard to the economic effects such reduc- tion will have. "On the other hand, we should not adopt the opposing view that the size of the national debt is a By MARGARET FARMER Editor's Note: This is the second in a series of three articles on post-war economic planning. The opinions presented are not necessarily those of any department of the University, and The Daily does not intend to imply that they are the only reasonable views on be a discussion of the tax system. maturity from a few months to ten years or more, in face value from the ten-cen savings stamps to the thousand-dollar bond, in yield from a fraction of a per cent to nearly three per cent, and in ownership these subjects. Tomorrow's article will of bonds, and of the sources of the funds with which bonds are re- tired if there is a net reduction in the size of the debt. "Too rapid a reduction in the balanced by an increase in state and municipal debt is frequently overlooked, he said, "but the use of debt retirement as a means of avoiding an inflationary boom such as that experienced in 1919 and 1920 should not be ignored." Turning to the view that the size of the debt is of no public concern, Palmer asserted that "the infla- tionary periods through which most European countries passed after the last war were not unre-