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Z A AUKVA Y, Al'tilL 4O9, 1944
E
Fifty-Fourth Year
Edited and managed by students of the University
of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control
of Student Publications.
Published every morning except Monday during the
regular university y
day and Tuesdayc
Jane Farrant
Claire Sherman
Stan Wallace
Evelyn Phillips
Harvey Frank
Bud Low .
Jo Ann Peterson
Mary Anine Olson
Marjorie Hall
Marjdrie Rosmarin
Elizabeth A. Carpen
Margery Batt.
yea
dur
Ed
r, and every morning except Mon-
ing the
ditorial
summer session.
Staff
. . . . . Managing Editor
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. , . . , . Sports Editor
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. . . Associate Sports Editor
* . . .Women's Editor
. . . Associate Women's Editor
Associate Women's Editor
Business Staff
ter Business Manager
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NIGHT EDITOR: DORIS PETERSON
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by meinbers of The Daily staff
and represent the hiews of the writers only.
HistoIc Case
THE EVENTUAL outome of the affair involving
Montgomery Ward and the U.S. government
which yesterday terminated In the taking over
of the firm's chief lat by federal officials and
the violent ejection from the premises of the
chairman of the concern will have great signif-
iRance in future situations of the sort.
The dispute arose originally over the failure
of the Ward naiagement to renew a closed shop
agreement with the CIO on the grounds that a
majority of the employes were not in sympathy
with the union. Whether or not this is true, we
cannot say and the issue may only be properly
decided by a vote of those concerned.
But the far more important problem at stake
is the 'everberations which the usurpation of
owtlershlip by the government may have. It
is very likely that Sewell L. Avery and his as-
sociates will initiate court proceedings against
the government, charging that the War Labor
Board and the President exceeded their powers
in ordering federal ianagement to take over.
The decision in such a case would have a far-.
reaching effect in the settlement of similar up-
risings against government reinforcement of
labor and the so-called "meddling" of certain
agencies with the rights of free enterprise.
The Ward management will undoubtedly
cfarge that the War Labor Board, the National
Labor Relations Board and President Roosevelt
had no right even under war-time emergency
powers to intervene in the dispute. It is un-
fortunate from everyone's point of view that
these powers have never been thoroughly clari-
fied in regard to wages and labor organizing, but
are rather vaguely granted under a clause in
the Constitution which grants the President cer-
Main prerogatives in a time of emergency. This
case will go a long way toward determining just
how far those prerogatives extend.
POPULAR conception has determined that the
powers of federal intervention in labor dif-
ficulties which threaten work stoppages are ap-
plicable only to those concerns which are con-
sidered vital to the war effort. If this view is
applied, it is hard to justify the position of the
government in the present matter. Seemingly,
they are skating on thin ice when they maintain
that a mail order house is vital to the war on
the grounds that deliveries of certain goods, such
as farm implements, are being held up by the
strike. These goods constitute a very minute
fraction of the total Ward production and to
contend that the stoppage of the flow of these
goods "constitutes a substantial interference in
the war effort" is certainly stretching a point.
it seems to me that Montgomery Ward def-
initely has a case if they do wish to take it into
court. And it seems further that it would be
well for Congress to drop some of its less im-
portant domestic issues for the time being and
clarify the powers of the various labor boards
and regulating agencies. A little specific legis-
lation here would prevent such occurrences in
the future and might also save the expense
and time of a long, expensive trial of the case.
These issues must all be settled sooner or
later. Perhaps the Ward affair will bring this
settlement about. Perhaps it will decide wheth-
Ready?
Southerner Presents Viewv on Race Problem
Letter to the Editor ...
To the Editor:
In view of the fact that the letter to the
editor in yesterday's Daily was not labeled:
Answer "Whites. only," I am taking the liberty
of making a reply to the writer. The article "a"
was thus written with care, because this is not
the answer "Mr." Scott seeks-he desires the
Northerner's view on the race problem. I am
from Mississippi, as is "Mr." Scott, and have
been in the North for only eight months.
Perhaps I should make my identity a little
clearer to avoid confusion in the mind of the
reader because of the difference of the context
of these two Southerners' letters. Since I have
been on this side of the Mason Dixon Line I
have come in contact with several people who
knew nothing of the common label in this hem-
isphere which says "Whites only." .
Well, according to our English, there are
three persons: the first person is the speaker,
the second person is to whom one speaks and
the third is of whom they speak. I am the
third person.
The first thing that I would like to state to
"Mr." Scott is that I am not as pessimistic
about the problem as he is because he admitted
many things in his letter which no white South-
erner would have said several years ago; such
as his statement, "in any measurable way Ne-
groes are the equal of whites," and also in point-
ing out the "better people" he did not do it
on the basis of color. (As for me, I don't agree
with his concept of the "better people.")
The next point on which I would like to in-
form "Mr." Scott is that although he and the
other "certain" leaders in the Southern circle
have been in the midst of many Negroes for a
long time, they still do not know the desires of
the Negro; no, not even as much as the Northern
whites who have had less contact with him.
If the Southern white did know the Negroes'
desires, there would be no such thing as the
"Negro Problem" in the United States. "Mr."
Scott's entire letter was dealing with the social
equality aspect of the Negro in the South, that
is their blindfold. We are demanding econ-
omic and political equality. The social aspect
will take care of itself.
My friends are my friends because of common
interests. Of course I don't abuse those who are
not my friends, I recognize the variety of taste;
nor do I feel awkward or disturbed when they
are around. Contact and sight does not bring
about interest.
AS FOR the inter-marriage angle, which you
didn't mention, but which is one of the white
Southerner's greatest fears: there are those of
your group who disapprove of it and those of
mline who disapprove of it. But that doesn't
stop it. I would recommend that you visit my
home town for evidence, but I am reluctant
about naming it, since I plan to return there
soon.
And so you see, "Mr." Scott, it seems as
though we really cannot control people's so-
cial affairs. What the Southern white is doing
is controlling our economic and political life.
I think that they are beginning to realize that,
for most of them, like you, speak of the pos-
sible changes, which are mainly along economic
lines.
I recommend that "Mr." Scott read the New
Republic of March 6, '44, and Life, April 24, '44,
to get an idea of what the Negroes desire and
the cure to the mental illness of the Southern
whites.
I do not find the Atlantic Monthly too re-
pulsive to read; consequently, I am well ac-
quainted with your viewpoint. The Negro, on
the other hand, does not have an organ
through which he can speak to the whites, for
the few Negro newspapers are seldom circulat-
ed outside their communities. When they do
reach white readers, they are subjected to
unfair attacks such as Westbrook Pegler's. We
will have to take turns talking and listening
to learn to understand one another.
In final analysis I would like to state that I
am most discontented with the "For Whites
Only" label where jobs are concerned, for they
are symbolic of the unjust treatment the Negro
has received. The jobs without this label are not
worth seeking. --Vivian Ligon
DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1944
VOL. LIV No. 122
All notices for the Daily Official Bul-
letin are to be sent to the Office of the
President in typewritten form by 3:30
p.m. of the day preceding its publica-
tion, except on Saturday when the no-
tices should be submitted by 11:30 a.m.
Notices
Faculty, College of Literature, Sci-
ence and the Arts: Mid-semester re-
ports are due not later than today./
Report cards are being distributed
to all departmental offices. Green
cards are being provided for fresh-
man reports; they should be returned
to the Office of the Academic Coun-
selors, 108 Mason Hall. White cards,
for reporting sophomores, juniors
and seniors should be returned to
1220 Angell Hall.
Mid-semester reports should name
those students, freshmen and upper-
classmen, whose standing at mid-
semester is D or E, not merely those
who receive D or E in so-called mid-
semester examinations.
Students electing our courses, but
registered in other schools or colleges
of the University should be reported
to the school or college in which
they are registered.
Additional cards may be had at
108 Mason Hall or at 1220 Angell
Hall.
The Bureau of Appointments and
Occupational Information has a re-
quest from one of the better boys'
camps for two college men to work
as supervisors during the summer.
The salary is $100 a month plus
maintenance. For further details, call
at the office of THE BUREAU OF
APPOINTMENTS AND OCCUPA-
TIONAL INFORMATION, 201 Mason
Hall. Office hours are 9 to 12 a.m.
and 2 to 4 p.m.
Co-Ops hold applicant interview:
The personnel committee of Co-op-
eratives is holding a meeting May 3,
for interviews of all those interested
in Co-ops, for the summer or fall
semesters. Applications must be in
at that time. The interviews will be
I held at Steven's House, 816 Forest, at
7:30.
Lectures
La Sociedad Hispanica: Change of
date for Dr. Itriago's lecture. This
lecture will take place Monday, May
1, instead of previous date. Place:
Rackham Amphitheatre. Time: 8
p.m.
Mathematical Logic Lecture: Prof.
Marcel Barzin will discuss Goedel's
theory at 8 p.m. on Tuesday, May 3
in the East Lecture Room of the
Rackham Building. The lecture will
be open to the public.
Academic Notices
Students, College of Engineering:
The final day for removal of IN-
COMPLETES will be Saturday, April
29.
Students, College of Engineering:
The final day for DROPPING COUR-
SES WITHOUT RECORD will be
Saturday, April 29. A course may be
dropped only with the permission of
the classifier after conference with
the instructor.
Freshmen, College of Literature,
Science and the Arts: Except under
extraordinary circumstances, courses
dropped by freshmen after today will
be recorded with a grade of E.
School of Education Freshmen:
Courses dropped after today will be
recorded with the grade of E except
under extraordinary circumstances.
No course is considered dropped un-
less it has been reported in the office
of the Registrar, Rm. 4, University
Hall.
Doctoral Examination for James
Octavius Osburn, Chemical Engineer-
ing thesis: "Structure in the Applica-
tion of Diffusion Theory to Extrac-
tion," Monday, May 1, 3201 East En-
gineering Building, 2 p.m. Chairman,
D. L. Katz.
By action of the Executive Board
the Chairman may invite members of
the faculties and advanced doctoral
candidates to attend this examina-
tion, and he may grant permission to
those who for sufficient reason might
(wish to be present.
Doctoral Students: The thesis dead-
line for students expecting to receive
degrees in June has been changed to
May 1. We cannot guarantee that
students failing to meet this deadline
can complete the requirements fort
their degrees by the end of the
Spring Term.1
The ten-weeks' grades for Marinef
and Navy trainees (other than Engi-
THURSDAY the U.S. Army, now
busily preparing for the invasion
of western Europe and in need of
every availAble man-hour, was or-
dered to send troops to Chicago to
oust from his office a citizen guilty
of disobedience to the government
and to the President.
What difference does this incident
make? Why is it important? Be-
cause it questions the authority of
the President in wartime, authority
which is basic to the winning of the
war. Because it interrupts war pro-
duction and distribution of war
goods. Because it endangers the
rights for which workingmen have
fought so long.
Because it can become a new
labor policy to be followed by the
many companies to which Sewell
Avery, direct-or of Wards, is con-
nected. (Chairman of U.S. Gyp-
sum Co., and a director 'of: U.S.
Steel, Pullman Co., Armour & Co.,
Pure Oil Co., Northern Trust Co.,
People's Gas, Light and Coke Co.,
most of which haye bad labor rec-
ords for many years back.)
Now, since Mr. Avery, in his large
ad in Thursday's papers, (e.g. N.Y.
Times) charged that he wanted this
matter to be discussed by Congress
and to go through the courts, perhaps
it would be wise to look at the record.
Jan. 12, 1942: President signed an
Executive Order creating the Na-
tional War Labor Board with author-
ity to "finally determine" all labor
disputes threatening to impede the
war effort.
Oct. 3, 1942: President signed an
Executive Order extending jurisdic-
tion of WLB to cover all industries
and employes.
1943: War Labor Disputes Act
(Public Law 89, 78th Congress, Sec.
3) "The power of the President ... to
take immediate possession of any
plant upon a failure to comply with
such provisions . . . shall also apply
. to any plant.. . equipped for the
manufacture . . . of any articles .-.
which may be required for the war
effort or which may be useful in con-
nection therewith."
The Constitution gives the Presi-
dent the duty of taking care "that
the laws be faithfully executed."
The Circuit Courts of Appeal have,
in four cases involving War stores
and factories, affirmed WLB deci-
sions that Ward's has been guilty of
unfair labor practices. (Plants in St.
Paul, Kansas City, and Portland).
THE NEXT question seems to be
whether Wards is involved in war
production or in the war effort in
any way. In his report to the Presi-
dent on April 22, Attorney General
Biddle stated: "Government agencies
recognized the importance of the
Company to our war economy."
Wards owns four factories which
produce paints, varnish, fencing
material and farm equipment and
supplies (sold by Wards). The
Hummer Manufacturing Co.,
(Springfield, Ill.), a division of
Wards, makes carburetors, pro-
pellors and gun mounts for mili-
tary aircraft. On this basis, the
War Production Board has grant-
ed Wards priority preference rat-
ings for many articles, including
KEEP MOVING
shipping containers (an extremely
scarce commodity) in which to ship
goods.
On this basis the Office of Defense
Transportation has granted Wards
certificates for the use of 45 trucks.
The Chicago branch of Wards has
taken advantage of this position to
the extent of making 36,000 appli-
cations for preference ratings since
1942.
Apparently Wards understands its
true position as part of the natonal
war effort, though it is anxious to
keep this fact from the President.
As to the question of the dispute
itself: between Nov. 5 and Dec. 12,
1942, the same game was played.
Wards opposed clauses in the union
contract providing for maintenance
of membership, check-off of union
dues, seniority, arbitration proce-
dure. Two presidential orders for
cempliance with the WLB ruling
were necessary before the dispute
was settled.
Another question fundamentally
involved, then, is the Board's attitude
toward union membership. Avery
charged in his advertisement that the
Board consistently has been pro-
labor, anti-management. However,
the Board has never granted a un-
ion's request for a closed shop; that
is, a shop where every worker must
be a union member. It worked out a
compromise: maintenance of mem-
bership, which provides that workers
can't quit the union for the duration
of the union contract. This applies
after NLRB elections in which the
union wins the right to bargain for
the workers, as decided in Harvill
Aircraft, Feb. 13, '43.
THEREAFTER, in the Ryan case,
the employer representatives won
a second compromise, "escape
clause," giving workers fifteen days
after the Board order in which to
resign from the union. Then they
won a third point, the "union coer-
cion clause," prohibiting intimidation
of employes by union members, but
not defining this term strictly.
TheBoard's reasons for approving
maintenance of membership provi-
sions ae numerous: "To promote
harmony and increase producton in
a situation in which the company
had not wholeheartedly cooperated
with the union," as was stated in the
Oliver Farm Equipment case; because
union security "is a powerful weapon
for the successful prosecution of this
war to victory," as was stated to
American Steel Foundries.
The Board could scarcely be ac-
cused of partisanship in the face of
these facts. But it has made a
strong statement of its attitude
toward employers like Wards: as a
corollary to the rule laid down in
previous decisions "is the principle
that no employer can be allowed to
antagonize and provoke the union
to such an extent as to bring about
a strike and then expect to have
the board refuse any form of secur-
ity to the union because of that
strike."
These aren't all the questions or all
the answers in the case. But we feel
that they are sufficient reason to
question the patriotism and wartime
self-sacrifice of Sewell Avery.
-Ann agan
neers) will be due May 13. Only D
and E grades need be reported.
The Office of the Academic Coun-
selors, 108 Mason Hall, will receive
these reports and transmit them to
the proper officers.
If more blue cards are needed,
please call at 108 Mason Hall or
telephone 613 and they will be sent
by campus mail.
A Make-Up Examination in Psy-
chology 42 will be given Tuesday, May
2, at 7:30 p.m. in the Natural Science
Auditorium.
Concerts
Carillon Recital: A program of folk
songs will be heard at 7 p.m., Sunday,
April 30, when Professor Price, Uni-
versity Carillonneur, will play airs
from Scandinavia, Russia, the Bal-
kans, Mexico, South America and
Negro spirituals.
Student Recital: Jeannette Haien,
pianist, will present a recital in par-
tial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Bachelor of Music
at 8:30 p.m., Sunday, April 30, in
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre. A stu-
dent of John Kollen, Miss Haien will
play compositions by Beethoven,
Chopin, Liszt and Schuman.
The public is cordially invited.
Extibitions
Test Faces Liberal Southern Senators
will follow the movie. There is no
admission charge. Everyone is in-
vited to attend.
The Presbyterian Student Guild
will join the City Interguild Organi-
zation for a Social pt Lane Hall at
8:30 p.m.
Roger Williams Guild: The group
will meet at the Guild'House at 8:30
and go over to Lane Hall for the
Carnival Cabaret.
Wesley Foundation: We will join
with other members of Inter-Guild
in the International Carnival at Lane
Hall at 8:15 p.m. tonight.
The Angell Hall Observatory will
be open to the public from 9 to 11
this evening, in case the sky is clear
or nearly so. The moon and the
planet Jupiterswill be shown through
the telescopes. Children must be
accompanied by adults.
Coming Events
There will be a regular meeting of
Pi Lambda Phi Fraternity ort Sunday,
April 30, 1944 at 11 a.m. in the
Michigan Union. All members sta-
tioned on <armptti) arc urged to at-
tend.
Sgeiety of Women Engineers: T'here
will be a compulsory meeting at 2
p.m. Sunday, April 30, in the League.
Reorganization will be discussed.
The Lutheran Student Association
will meet Sunday, April 30, at 5:30
o'clock in Zion Lutheran Parish Hall.
This is an important meeting because
it is the annual election of officers,
Miss Virginia Rock 'has arranged a
short devotional service to follow the
supper hour.
Junior Research Club: The May
TWO stalwart liberals in the Senate are facing
tough battles in their efforts to get reelected.
Lister Hill of Alabama and Claude Pepper of
Florida are both running in primaries in their
states early next month. with considerable dan-
ger of being defeated. Hill is opposed by James
Simpson, a Birmingham attorney who is ultra-
conservative and is pulling out all the stops on
the "white supremacy" theme. The very things
in Hill's record which cause him to be respected
by independent progressives throughout the
- country are being used against him in his own
state.
The same is true of Senator Pepper of
Florida. Ile can probably obtain a plurality
in the primary, in which he has four oppon-
ents; but his friends are worried about his
success in the run-off election. His votes
against the poll tax, in favor of the veto on the
tax bill, against exempting fire-insurance com-
panies from the anti-trust law and in favor
of the reciprocal-trade program, have all alien-
ated various groups.
The Associated Industries of Florida., the pro-
totype in that state of the NAM, is against him.
As an offset, he has the support of organized
labor, of the citrus growers, for whom he ob-
tained higher ceiling prices, and of the liberal
press in the larger cities. The Supreme Court
"white primary" decision hurt both Hill and
Pepper, by inflaming Southern sentiment. In
the long dun. the tides are with the progressives;
but that is not much consolation to men who
must win or lose within the next few weeks.
-The New Republic
The Twenty-First Annual Exhibi-
tion by artists of Ann Arbor and
vicinity, presented by the Ann Arbor
Art Association, in the galleries of
the Rackham Building, April 22
through May 12, daily except Sunday,
afternoons 2 to 5 and evenings 7 to
10. The public is cordially invited.
Exhibit: Original plans and per-
spectives for the proposed civic cen-
ter of Madison. Wisconsin, designed
BARNABY
By Crockett Johnson
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