--PAETWO THE ~MICIG~AN *-DATI.V fiA'T('R11A%' APPM 1>0 IOAA _'+ ... .: ...- ..--_.---_ 1 11 "". 1 1 1. U it 1 lT 11, l.\ L 1'1 1 L .T. .. . .. ._ . . ... .~ .. Z A AUKVA Y, Al'tilL 4O9, 1944 E Fifty-Fourth Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the regular university y day and Tuesdayc Jane Farrant Claire Sherman Stan Wallace Evelyn Phillips Harvey Frank Bud Low . Jo Ann Peterson Mary Anine Olson Marjorie Hall Marjdrie Rosmarin Elizabeth A. Carpen Margery Batt. yea dur Ed r, and every morning except Mon- ing the ditorial summer session. Staff . . . . . Managing Editor . . . . . Editorial Director . . . . . - City Editor . . . . . Associate Editor . , . . , . Sports Editor . . . . Associate Sports Editor . . . Associate Sports Editor * . . .Women's Editor . . . Associate Women's Editor Associate Women's Editor Business Staff ter Business Manager * . Associate Business Manager Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of re- publication of all other matters herein also reserved. g!ntered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second-class mail matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by car- rier, $4.25, by mail, $5.25. EPRE9BNTD -FOR NATIONAL ADVSRT13INOG BY National Advertising Service, Inc. College Pushers Represntative 420 MA1DIsON AVE. NEW YORK. N. Y C4ICAGO * BOSTON * LOS AmRLES * SAN FRANCISCO Menber, Associated Collegiate Press, 1943-44. NIGHT EDITOR: DORIS PETERSON Editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by meinbers of The Daily staff and represent the hiews of the writers only. HistoIc Case THE EVENTUAL outome of the affair involving Montgomery Ward and the U.S. government which yesterday terminated In the taking over of the firm's chief lat by federal officials and the violent ejection from the premises of the chairman of the concern will have great signif- iRance in future situations of the sort. The dispute arose originally over the failure of the Ward naiagement to renew a closed shop agreement with the CIO on the grounds that a majority of the employes were not in sympathy with the union. Whether or not this is true, we cannot say and the issue may only be properly decided by a vote of those concerned. But the far more important problem at stake is the 'everberations which the usurpation of owtlershlip by the government may have. It is very likely that Sewell L. Avery and his as- sociates will initiate court proceedings against the government, charging that the War Labor Board and the President exceeded their powers in ordering federal ianagement to take over. The decision in such a case would have a far-. reaching effect in the settlement of similar up- risings against government reinforcement of labor and the so-called "meddling" of certain agencies with the rights of free enterprise. The Ward management will undoubtedly cfarge that the War Labor Board, the National Labor Relations Board and President Roosevelt had no right even under war-time emergency powers to intervene in the dispute. It is un- fortunate from everyone's point of view that these powers have never been thoroughly clari- fied in regard to wages and labor organizing, but are rather vaguely granted under a clause in the Constitution which grants the President cer- Main prerogatives in a time of emergency. This case will go a long way toward determining just how far those prerogatives extend. POPULAR conception has determined that the powers of federal intervention in labor dif- ficulties which threaten work stoppages are ap- plicable only to those concerns which are con- sidered vital to the war effort. If this view is applied, it is hard to justify the position of the government in the present matter. Seemingly, they are skating on thin ice when they maintain that a mail order house is vital to the war on the grounds that deliveries of certain goods, such as farm implements, are being held up by the strike. These goods constitute a very minute fraction of the total Ward production and to contend that the stoppage of the flow of these goods "constitutes a substantial interference in the war effort" is certainly stretching a point. it seems to me that Montgomery Ward def- initely has a case if they do wish to take it into court. And it seems further that it would be well for Congress to drop some of its less im- portant domestic issues for the time being and clarify the powers of the various labor boards and regulating agencies. A little specific legis- lation here would prevent such occurrences in the future and might also save the expense and time of a long, expensive trial of the case. These issues must all be settled sooner or later. Perhaps the Ward affair will bring this settlement about. Perhaps it will decide wheth- Ready? Southerner Presents Viewv on Race Problem Letter to the Editor ... To the Editor: In view of the fact that the letter to the editor in yesterday's Daily was not labeled: Answer "Whites. only," I am taking the liberty of making a reply to the writer. The article "a" was thus written with care, because this is not the answer "Mr." Scott seeks-he desires the Northerner's view on the race problem. I am from Mississippi, as is "Mr." Scott, and have been in the North for only eight months. Perhaps I should make my identity a little clearer to avoid confusion in the mind of the reader because of the difference of the context of these two Southerners' letters. Since I have been on this side of the Mason Dixon Line I have come in contact with several people who knew nothing of the common label in this hem- isphere which says "Whites only." . Well, according to our English, there are three persons: the first person is the speaker, the second person is to whom one speaks and the third is of whom they speak. I am the third person. The first thing that I would like to state to "Mr." Scott is that I am not as pessimistic about the problem as he is because he admitted many things in his letter which no white South- erner would have said several years ago; such as his statement, "in any measurable way Ne- groes are the equal of whites," and also in point- ing out the "better people" he did not do it on the basis of color. (As for me, I don't agree with his concept of the "better people.") The next point on which I would like to in- form "Mr." Scott is that although he and the other "certain" leaders in the Southern circle have been in the midst of many Negroes for a long time, they still do not know the desires of the Negro; no, not even as much as the Northern whites who have had less contact with him. If the Southern white did know the Negroes' desires, there would be no such thing as the "Negro Problem" in the United States. "Mr." Scott's entire letter was dealing with the social equality aspect of the Negro in the South, that is their blindfold. We are demanding econ- omic and political equality. The social aspect will take care of itself. My friends are my friends because of common interests. Of course I don't abuse those who are not my friends, I recognize the variety of taste; nor do I feel awkward or disturbed when they are around. Contact and sight does not bring about interest. AS FOR the inter-marriage angle, which you didn't mention, but which is one of the white Southerner's greatest fears: there are those of your group who disapprove of it and those of mline who disapprove of it. But that doesn't stop it. I would recommend that you visit my home town for evidence, but I am reluctant about naming it, since I plan to return there soon. And so you see, "Mr." Scott, it seems as though we really cannot control people's so- cial affairs. What the Southern white is doing is controlling our economic and political life. I think that they are beginning to realize that, for most of them, like you, speak of the pos- sible changes, which are mainly along economic lines. I recommend that "Mr." Scott read the New Republic of March 6, '44, and Life, April 24, '44, to get an idea of what the Negroes desire and the cure to the mental illness of the Southern whites. I do not find the Atlantic Monthly too re- pulsive to read; consequently, I am well ac- quainted with your viewpoint. The Negro, on the other hand, does not have an organ through which he can speak to the whites, for the few Negro newspapers are seldom circulat- ed outside their communities. When they do reach white readers, they are subjected to unfair attacks such as Westbrook Pegler's. We will have to take turns talking and listening to learn to understand one another. In final analysis I would like to state that I am most discontented with the "For Whites Only" label where jobs are concerned, for they are symbolic of the unjust treatment the Negro has received. The jobs without this label are not worth seeking. --Vivian Ligon DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1944 VOL. LIV No. 122 All notices for the Daily Official Bul- letin are to be sent to the Office of the President in typewritten form by 3:30 p.m. of the day preceding its publica- tion, except on Saturday when the no- tices should be submitted by 11:30 a.m. Notices Faculty, College of Literature, Sci- ence and the Arts: Mid-semester re- ports are due not later than today./ Report cards are being distributed to all departmental offices. Green cards are being provided for fresh- man reports; they should be returned to the Office of the Academic Coun- selors, 108 Mason Hall. White cards, for reporting sophomores, juniors and seniors should be returned to 1220 Angell Hall. Mid-semester reports should name those students, freshmen and upper- classmen, whose standing at mid- semester is D or E, not merely those who receive D or E in so-called mid- semester examinations. Students electing our courses, but registered in other schools or colleges of the University should be reported to the school or college in which they are registered. Additional cards may be had at 108 Mason Hall or at 1220 Angell Hall. The Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information has a re- quest from one of the better boys' camps for two college men to work as supervisors during the summer. The salary is $100 a month plus maintenance. For further details, call at the office of THE BUREAU OF APPOINTMENTS AND OCCUPA- TIONAL INFORMATION, 201 Mason Hall. Office hours are 9 to 12 a.m. and 2 to 4 p.m. Co-Ops hold applicant interview: The personnel committee of Co-op- eratives is holding a meeting May 3, for interviews of all those interested in Co-ops, for the summer or fall semesters. Applications must be in at that time. The interviews will be I held at Steven's House, 816 Forest, at 7:30. Lectures La Sociedad Hispanica: Change of date for Dr. Itriago's lecture. This lecture will take place Monday, May 1, instead of previous date. Place: Rackham Amphitheatre. Time: 8 p.m. Mathematical Logic Lecture: Prof. Marcel Barzin will discuss Goedel's theory at 8 p.m. on Tuesday, May 3 in the East Lecture Room of the Rackham Building. The lecture will be open to the public. Academic Notices Students, College of Engineering: The final day for removal of IN- COMPLETES will be Saturday, April 29. Students, College of Engineering: The final day for DROPPING COUR- SES WITHOUT RECORD will be Saturday, April 29. A course may be dropped only with the permission of the classifier after conference with the instructor. Freshmen, College of Literature, Science and the Arts: Except under extraordinary circumstances, courses dropped by freshmen after today will be recorded with a grade of E. School of Education Freshmen: Courses dropped after today will be recorded with the grade of E except under extraordinary circumstances. No course is considered dropped un- less it has been reported in the office of the Registrar, Rm. 4, University Hall. Doctoral Examination for James Octavius Osburn, Chemical Engineer- ing thesis: "Structure in the Applica- tion of Diffusion Theory to Extrac- tion," Monday, May 1, 3201 East En- gineering Building, 2 p.m. Chairman, D. L. Katz. By action of the Executive Board the Chairman may invite members of the faculties and advanced doctoral candidates to attend this examina- tion, and he may grant permission to those who for sufficient reason might (wish to be present. Doctoral Students: The thesis dead- line for students expecting to receive degrees in June has been changed to May 1. We cannot guarantee that students failing to meet this deadline can complete the requirements fort their degrees by the end of the Spring Term.1 The ten-weeks' grades for Marinef and Navy trainees (other than Engi- THURSDAY the U.S. Army, now busily preparing for the invasion of western Europe and in need of every availAble man-hour, was or- dered to send troops to Chicago to oust from his office a citizen guilty of disobedience to the government and to the President. What difference does this incident make? Why is it important? Be- cause it questions the authority of the President in wartime, authority which is basic to the winning of the war. Because it interrupts war pro- duction and distribution of war goods. Because it endangers the rights for which workingmen have fought so long. Because it can become a new labor policy to be followed by the many companies to which Sewell Avery, direct-or of Wards, is con- nected. (Chairman of U.S. Gyp- sum Co., and a director 'of: U.S. Steel, Pullman Co., Armour & Co., Pure Oil Co., Northern Trust Co., People's Gas, Light and Coke Co., most of which haye bad labor rec- ords for many years back.) Now, since Mr. Avery, in his large ad in Thursday's papers, (e.g. N.Y. Times) charged that he wanted this matter to be discussed by Congress and to go through the courts, perhaps it would be wise to look at the record. Jan. 12, 1942: President signed an Executive Order creating the Na- tional War Labor Board with author- ity to "finally determine" all labor disputes threatening to impede the war effort. Oct. 3, 1942: President signed an Executive Order extending jurisdic- tion of WLB to cover all industries and employes. 1943: War Labor Disputes Act (Public Law 89, 78th Congress, Sec. 3) "The power of the President ... to take immediate possession of any plant upon a failure to comply with such provisions . . . shall also apply . to any plant.. . equipped for the manufacture . . . of any articles .-. which may be required for the war effort or which may be useful in con- nection therewith." The Constitution gives the Presi- dent the duty of taking care "that the laws be faithfully executed." The Circuit Courts of Appeal have, in four cases involving War stores and factories, affirmed WLB deci- sions that Ward's has been guilty of unfair labor practices. (Plants in St. Paul, Kansas City, and Portland). THE NEXT question seems to be whether Wards is involved in war production or in the war effort in any way. In his report to the Presi- dent on April 22, Attorney General Biddle stated: "Government agencies recognized the importance of the Company to our war economy." Wards owns four factories which produce paints, varnish, fencing material and farm equipment and supplies (sold by Wards). The Hummer Manufacturing Co., (Springfield, Ill.), a division of Wards, makes carburetors, pro- pellors and gun mounts for mili- tary aircraft. On this basis, the War Production Board has grant- ed Wards priority preference rat- ings for many articles, including KEEP MOVING shipping containers (an extremely scarce commodity) in which to ship goods. On this basis the Office of Defense Transportation has granted Wards certificates for the use of 45 trucks. The Chicago branch of Wards has taken advantage of this position to the extent of making 36,000 appli- cations for preference ratings since 1942. Apparently Wards understands its true position as part of the natonal war effort, though it is anxious to keep this fact from the President. As to the question of the dispute itself: between Nov. 5 and Dec. 12, 1942, the same game was played. Wards opposed clauses in the union contract providing for maintenance of membership, check-off of union dues, seniority, arbitration proce- dure. Two presidential orders for cempliance with the WLB ruling were necessary before the dispute was settled. Another question fundamentally involved, then, is the Board's attitude toward union membership. Avery charged in his advertisement that the Board consistently has been pro- labor, anti-management. However, the Board has never granted a un- ion's request for a closed shop; that is, a shop where every worker must be a union member. It worked out a compromise: maintenance of mem- bership, which provides that workers can't quit the union for the duration of the union contract. This applies after NLRB elections in which the union wins the right to bargain for the workers, as decided in Harvill Aircraft, Feb. 13, '43. THEREAFTER, in the Ryan case, the employer representatives won a second compromise, "escape clause," giving workers fifteen days after the Board order in which to resign from the union. Then they won a third point, the "union coer- cion clause," prohibiting intimidation of employes by union members, but not defining this term strictly. TheBoard's reasons for approving maintenance of membership provi- sions ae numerous: "To promote harmony and increase producton in a situation in which the company had not wholeheartedly cooperated with the union," as was stated in the Oliver Farm Equipment case; because union security "is a powerful weapon for the successful prosecution of this war to victory," as was stated to American Steel Foundries. The Board could scarcely be ac- cused of partisanship in the face of these facts. But it has made a strong statement of its attitude toward employers like Wards: as a corollary to the rule laid down in previous decisions "is the principle that no employer can be allowed to antagonize and provoke the union to such an extent as to bring about a strike and then expect to have the board refuse any form of secur- ity to the union because of that strike." These aren't all the questions or all the answers in the case. But we feel that they are sufficient reason to question the patriotism and wartime self-sacrifice of Sewell Avery. -Ann agan neers) will be due May 13. Only D and E grades need be reported. The Office of the Academic Coun- selors, 108 Mason Hall, will receive these reports and transmit them to the proper officers. If more blue cards are needed, please call at 108 Mason Hall or telephone 613 and they will be sent by campus mail. A Make-Up Examination in Psy- chology 42 will be given Tuesday, May 2, at 7:30 p.m. in the Natural Science Auditorium. Concerts Carillon Recital: A program of folk songs will be heard at 7 p.m., Sunday, April 30, when Professor Price, Uni- versity Carillonneur, will play airs from Scandinavia, Russia, the Bal- kans, Mexico, South America and Negro spirituals. Student Recital: Jeannette Haien, pianist, will present a recital in par- tial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Music at 8:30 p.m., Sunday, April 30, in Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre. A stu- dent of John Kollen, Miss Haien will play compositions by Beethoven, Chopin, Liszt and Schuman. The public is cordially invited. Extibitions Test Faces Liberal Southern Senators will follow the movie. There is no admission charge. Everyone is in- vited to attend. The Presbyterian Student Guild will join the City Interguild Organi- zation for a Social pt Lane Hall at 8:30 p.m. Roger Williams Guild: The group will meet at the Guild'House at 8:30 and go over to Lane Hall for the Carnival Cabaret. Wesley Foundation: We will join with other members of Inter-Guild in the International Carnival at Lane Hall at 8:15 p.m. tonight. The Angell Hall Observatory will be open to the public from 9 to 11 this evening, in case the sky is clear or nearly so. The moon and the planet Jupiterswill be shown through the telescopes. Children must be accompanied by adults. Coming Events There will be a regular meeting of Pi Lambda Phi Fraternity ort Sunday, April 30, 1944 at 11 a.m. in the Michigan Union. All members sta- tioned on