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Fifty-Third Year
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Editorial Staff
John Erlewine .
Bud Brimmer. .
Marion Ford. .
Charlotte Conover .
Eric Zalenski
betty Harvey
. . . Managing Editor
. . . . City Editor
. .. . Associate Editor
. . . Associate Editor
. . . . Sports Editor
. . . Women's Editor
LERRY-Go-
ROUND Cl
By DREW
PEARSON
WASHINGTON-The State Depart-
ment isn't announcing it, but sev-
eral diplomats from the smaller Eur-
opean states-in addition to Finland
-are coming in to express worry over
Russian victories. These have-their-
cake-and-eat-it-too diplomats want
Hitler to be defeated, but don't want
Russia to win.
Some of the State Department
boys, among them Assistant Secre-
tary Adolf Berle, secretly agree.
Best answer to this fear was ex-
pressed inadvertently by Soviet Am-
bassador Litvinoff in talking with a
prominent businessman from the mid-
dle west. Litvinoff asked him what
people in that part of the country
thought about Russia.
"I'm going to be perfectly frank
with you," replied the mid-westerner.
"People in my part of the country ad-
mire the great fight Russia has made
against Germany and they have the
highest praise of your Army. But they
fear the spread of communism after
the war."
Ambassador Litvinoff replied
thoughtfully that there was no
ground for such fears, that all Russia
wanted to do was to defeat the Axis
as quickly as possible, then live in
peace within her own boundaries.
"However," added Litvinoff, "if the
fear of Russia intwestern Europe
really wories you, there is one very
easy way to dispose of it."
"What is that?" asked the gentle-
man from the west.
"The American and British
armies should march into Berlin
first."
Capital Chaff
BEFORE Connecticut Congresswo-
man Clare Luce delivered her
maiden speech panning the British
on future air routes, her text was
carefully blue pencilled by the State
Department. They did not object to
criticism of the British, figuring that
hands - across - the - sea policy was
strong enough to take it. But they
did cross out some of Clare's caustic
words about Russia not giving us
more cooperation on airplane routes.
Business Staff
Edward J. Perlberg
Fred M. Ginsberg
Mary Lou Curran
Jane Lindberg .
AS OTHERS SEE IT
Reform of Education
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Business Manager
Associate Business Manager
Women's Business Manager
Women's Advertising Manager
f
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° . .,r
Telephone 23-24-1
NIGHT EDITOR: PAUL HARSHA
Editorialsepublished in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Dailystaff.
and represent the views of the writers only.
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1943. Chicago Times Ii
iI
WASHINGTON - Beginning this
month the lowering of the draft
age to 18 willreally take effect in the
colleges. It will not be long before
there will be no more able-bodied
men students who receive what is
called a liberal or a general educa-
tion. A certain proportion of them
will still be found studying in the col-
lege buildings. But their studies will
be those which the Army and Navy
decide are needed to fit them to be
officers and technicians in the armed
forces.-Therefore, it is generally
taken for granted that for the dura-
tion of the war a liberal college edu-
cation can be offered only to women
and the physically unfit men.
Must it be taken for granted? The
question has been raised by Mr.
Stringfellow Barr, the president of
St. John's College. The fact that he
has raised the question, and his rea-
sons for raising it, should at least in-
terest parents and teachers through-
out the country.
We think we cannot give our
able-bodied men a liberal educa-
tion because 'on the average they
enter college when they are seven-
teen and a half years and the Army
inducts them when they are 18.
But, says Mr. Barr, why do we
think that a student must be nearly
18 before he begins to study the
liberal arts? Why do we so readily
take it for granted that 15 would
be too young if a suitable course of
studies were set up by the colleges?
Is it because parents think 15 is
too young for boys to have the social
freedom of college, life? That ob-
jection could easily be taken care of
by college discipline. Or is it because
the faculties think boys of 15 are
intellectually unready for a college
education? Mr. Barr, who is a teach-
er of long and wide experience, says
he does not believe so, and to test his
belief his college, St. John's, has an-
nounced that it will now admit boys
after their second year in the high
school.
THESE BOYS will be able to have
a somewhat modified and short-
ened liberal education before they
are called into the Army. Mr. Barr
thinks that the colleges can make
better use of the boy's time when he
is 16 and 17 than the high schools
now make of it.
The proof of Mr. Barr's pudding
will, of course, be in the eating
But there are very strong reason
for thinking that his experiment,
which is an adjustment to the draft
act, may start currents of though
which will have a permanent effect
upon American education.
For nearly everyone is dissatisfie
with the results of modern educatio
and increasingly men and women a,
beginning to feel that it has bee
teaching a little about too ma
things without teaching enoug
about anything. More specificall
the conviction is growing tlfat t
schools and colleges are very "liberal
in the sense that they offer innum
erable courses on no end of subject
but that they are failing to educat
their students efficiently in those dis
ciplines which underlie all the liber
arts-namely, in the ability to rea.
with understanding, in the ability t
write and speak so as to be under
stood and in the ability to use figurei
* * *
HERE are many who are comin.
to feel that if the schools and col
leges had to shorten their courser
they would be forced to improve ther
by concentrating on the fundamenta
disciplines. There would be less abou
the anthropology of the cavemen an<
the sociology of the Hottentot anc
the psychology of the streetcar em
ployees in Omaha.
With less subjects and more at
tention to the elements of education
we might not be hearing from th~
training schools that so many colleg
men cannot, as Mr. Barr reports thei
complaints, "read well enough o
write well enough or handle simpl
mathematics well enough to mak
good officer material." And we shout
have a good deal less administrativ
trouble in Washington if those wh
write the directives had learned t
say what they really mean, and if al
those who read directives had learnet
to know what they had read.
So what we call the crisis in
American education may prove to
be a crisis not in the sense of a
disaster but in the original sense
of the Greek word from which it
comes, which means "to decide."
We may find ourselves perforce de-
ciding on a reform of education.
--Walter Lippmann
NO EXCUSE:
Representatives Misuse
Power by Absenteeism
THE HOUSE of Representatives, which has
complained so bitterly of the attempts of the
Executive to seize its powers showed just how
much it valued its law-making authority when
it was revealed by a special article in the news-
paper PM that Congressional absenteeism is now
running rampant.
In his Tuesday dispatch from Washington,
Nathan Robertson indicated on the basis of a
study of the House's voting records for the past
three weeks, that absenteeism is now averaging
about 45% on the regular day-to-day vote and
13% on the formal roll calls when absentees are
recorded by name.
While there is a strong element of humor in
this situation in view of the fact that this
august body, so enraged over an industrial
absenteeism of 4/2% to 6% that it is now,
through its Naval Affairs Committee, consid-
ering the enactment of work-or-fight legisla-
tion, the tragedy lies in that it is enabling mi-
nority and "group interest" elements to con-
trol legislation.
Since, according to Robertson, the "keep away
from work" policy has been particularly strong
among members of the Democratic faction, a
large part of the goings-on of the House in the
last few weeks can be explained in the light of
this information. We can find, for example, that
while the House passed legislation providing for
the repeal of the SEC regulations on the sale of
oil stock by a vote of 161 to 98, an action which
incidentally was condemned by Republican Sen-
ator Taft of Ohio, the number of members not
voting came to 176. The same is true, but even
more so, in the vote on the $180,000 cut in appro-
priations for the vital Bureau of the Budget; 84
yes, 36 no, 315 absent.
Much has been said from many quarters of
the vital necessity of the Democrats raintain-
ing control of the House of Representatives if
we are to have a successful prosecution of the
war. All indications now would indicate that in
spite of party whips, in spite of special bells
summoning them to vote, the greatest disbeliev-
ers in this thesis seem to be the Democratic ma-
jority itself. The habitual absentees in Congress
had better watch their step lest the American
people present them with the ultimatum, Work
or Fight! - Monroe Fink
A STEP FORWARD:
World Food Conference
Proposed by Leaders
ANOTHER step forward is the proposed meet-
ing of the representatives of the United Na-
tions to take up the question of post-war food
supplies. This was disclosed by President Roose-
velt, who said that this would be distinct from
relief problems at the close of the war and em-
phasized in a press conference that it will deal
Vith the permanent food supply of the world.
No matter how vociferously the "win the
war and then worry about the post-war world"
advocates may decry such a move, it is indica-
tive of a healthy and growing concern for a
problem that is swiftly reaching immense pro-
portions. Starvation deaths are mounting
every day in occupied countries as all available
fnnA is hni w t ~4n fnA a m; ..: h:ar
BLACK MARKET:
Legislation Is Necessary
To 'Combat Profiteering
HE COUNTRY, and the officials running the
country, have been talking more and more
of late concerning the proportions now being
reached by the black market. Where this "Mar-
ket" deals with meat, the talk is ominous.
The Chicago Daily News has reported a death
due to poisoned meat,' and it was not long ago
that a dealer in Detroit was arrested for possess-
ing uninspected meat that was spoiled. In order
for meat to be placed on the Black Market, it
must be sold without the stamp of approval of
public health officials, and the increasing supply
of such meat now invading the meat stores of
the country can be nothing but dangerous tb the
health of the nation.
Great Britain, faced with the same difficul-
ties at one time, has solved the problem by the
use of important and effective controls, con-
trols place'd upon the animals before they are
slaughtered and all along the route followed
by the meat, until it reaches the consumer.
Stringent fines and prison sentences are im-
posed upon the offenders, and effective police
enforcement is ending the menace.
While rationing of food is abhorrent to most
Americans, it is a measure that wil speed the
prosecution of the war. Enforcement of the ra-
tioning program, however, cannot be accom-
plished in a country of this size without the
cooperation of all concerned.
Legislation has been urged which would elimi-
nate, materially the black market, legislation
patterned after that now in effect in Great Bri-
tain. This legislation is not planned so that meat
would become harder to get, but so that there
might be an equitable distribution of the meat
among the dealers, consumers, soldiers and lend-
lease partners.
Reports of bribes as high as $450 have been
prevalent in Chicago, where the black market
seems to have reached immense proportions.
Dealers, in order to obtain meat, have paid
enormous sums to unknown profiteers, hoping
in this way to assure their solvency. With no
meat, dealers are faced with closing their bus-
iness. And housewives, unable to buy meat in
one store, go to the store where they can be
supplied.
It is this unequal distribution, with its crooked
dealings, that subsequent legislation is calculated
to combat. Through no fault of the dealer, his
stock is depleted to such an extent that he is
faced with failure. Through no fault of her own,
the housewife is unable to buy her meat. The re-
sult is a black market, dealing to the troubled
parties.
Hoping to end such unfair practices, and
hoping to arrive at some basic system whereby
each and every ealer, each and every con-
sumer, is satisfied, remains the duty of any
rationing plan.
True, the plans now in the offing will entail
some sacrifice, some hardship, and will result in
some cheating, but if the country will realize that
winning the war is of paramount importance,
petty desires will be tossed aside. Meatless days
offer a genuine contribution to the war program,
and self-imposed restrictions another. It is not
until the public becomes conscious of the dangers
in dealing with the black market that any legis-
lation can become effective.
Thus it is education we need, and then legis-
lItion. Legislation first, and laws enforced
with an iron hand, only result in larger black
markets. An informed public will help win the
war, through their enthusiastic cooperation
n~7 a m isa .f e i ,n1 _ ...At. . r,,
I'dI Rather
Be Right_
By1SAMUEL GRAFTON.
Hitler may be engaged in the gigantic opera-
tion of shifting his war to the west again. Is
that impossible? He struck at ou forces in
Tunisia, and at once the whisper went up that
our troubles there might postpone the second
front for weeks or months. If Rommel's small-
scales actions in Tunisia have had anything like
that effect, then they have been brilliantly suc-
cessful.
Hitler much prefers to fight the battle of Eur-
ope in Tunisia than"in Europe.
To enlarge this process, perhaps by a German
invasion of Spain from France, then Africa from
Spain . . . why not? Is it really too late for Hitler
to shift his war to the west again? Only one cir-
cumstance could make that impossible. That is
if he were suffering utter rout in Russia; if he
had lost control of events in Russia; if he were
being swept along in formless defeat.
THE LIMITED OBJECTIVE
Then Hitler could not shift his war to the
west. But there is no real indication that he
cannot hold Russia along a shortened line. The
stage of rout has not been reached in the east.
The end is not yet. The struggle is "only devel-
oping and flaring up." The German army may
yet recover in Russia. Those are Stalin's words.
A shift of the war to the west would not have
to defeat England and America to be worthwhile.
If it merely achieved the limited objective of
preventing a second front it would be worth-
while. Hitler's chief military problem is to -pre-
vent combined action of the forces of Russia
and the west. His chief political problem is
exactly the same. So long as there is no second
front, it can fairly be said that Hitler's policy is
succeeding, and that ours is not, in spite of all
side-shows, in spite of all ever-loving references
to Russia, in spite of all staggering German
losses of territories, which are not German terri-
tories.
FESTUNG EUROPA
In this struggle, Hitler seeks alternately to un-
sell the west on Russia, and Russia on the west.
In September, when his blitz flooded through
the Caucasus, he twigged Russia on the west's
failure to open a second front. In January, when
the Russian blitz-grinder made a mess of the
blitz, he turned his attention to the west, and
tried to stun us with a vision of Russia over-
running Europe. If now he halts second-front
plans, he can turn his propaganda back toward
Russia again, and tell the Russians that there
will be no second front.
That is the "festung Europa," or "European
fortress," policy in action. There are possibilities
present of long delay in cracking the "fortress."
The longer the "European fortress" lives, the
I better its claim to permanent life. Each year
that passes inconclusively gives it another leg
on the cup. Hitler may have abandoned already,
- the unlimited objective of defeating Russia, and
of defeating us, for the limited, but still trium-
phant-enough objective of maintaining the
"fortress."
A holding operation in the east, a shift of the
war to the west, might do that. Hitler's policy,
in the large, must be considered successful unless
and until a second front is established, to blast
down a wall of the "fortrso."
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
THURSDAY, FEB. 25, 1943
VOL. LIII No. 98
All notices for the Daily Official nul-
letin are to be sent to the Office of the
President in typewritten form by 3:30
p.m. of the day preceding its publica-
tion, except on Saturday when the no-
tices should be submitted by 11:30 a.m.
Notices
Faculty, School of Education:, The reg-
ular meeting of the faculty will be held
today in the University Elementary School
Library. The meeting will convene at
4:15 p.m.
Faculty, College of Literature, Science,
and the Arts: The regular meeting of the
faculty will be held in Room 1025 Angell
Hall on MondayMarch 1, at 4:10 p.m.
The reports of the various committees
have been prepared in advance and are
included with this call to the meeting.
They should be retained in your files as
part of the minutes of the March meeting.
Edward H. Kraus
AGENDA:
1. Consideration of the minutes of the
February meeting, pp. 932-935, which have
been distributed by campus mail.
2. Consideration of reports submitted
with the call to this meeting.
a. Executive Committee-Professor L.
I. Bredvold.
b. Executive Board of the Graduate
School-Professor C. S. Schoepfle.
c. University Council-Professor H. H.
Willard.
d. Deans' Conference-Dean E. H.
Kraus.
3. New Business.
4. Announcements.
Public Health Assembly: Doctor Albert
McCown, Medical Director of the Ameri-
can Red Cross, will speak before a Public
Health Assembly at 4:00 p.m. on Monday,
March 1, in the Auditorium of the Kellogg
Foundation Institute on "The Red Cross
and the War."
The public is invited to attend the lec-
ture.
The American Association of University
Women Fellowship: The Ann Arbor-Ypsi-
lanti Branch of the A.A.U.W. is, again
offering a fellowship for the year 1943-
1944 in honor of Dr. May Preston Slosson.
This fellowship is open to women students
for graduate study in any field. Applica-
tion blanks may be. obtained now from
the Graduate School Office and must be
returned to that office no later than
March 15 in order to receive consideration.
Notice: Identification cards may now
be called for in Room 2, University Hall.
Office of the Dean of Students
the lengthy statement of the :nearly
German Departmental Library, 204 Uni-
versity Hall. Open from 2 to 4 p.m. Tues-
day, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
each week; Saturdays from 9 to 12 am.
Books may be returned at any time.
Students, College of Literature, Science,
and the Arts: Students yho fail to file
their election blanks by the close of the
"hird week of the term, even though they
have registered and have attended classes
unoffically, will forfeit their privilege of
continuing in the College.
E. A. Walter
Clements Library Hours: For the dura-
tion, the hours of opening of the Clements
Library are as follows:
For readers, weekdays 8:30-12, 1:30-5;
for casual visitors, weekdays 2-5 p.m.
N.B. The Library will be closed Sunday
afternoons for the duration.
Academic Notices
ROTC Drill: Thursday Section (Company
D) will report to the I-M Building in uni-
form with gym shoes. Be prepared for in-
spection. Cadet Officers will be prepared
to give instruction in Manual of Arms,
Squad and Platoon Drill. Ref.: FM 22-5.
Math. 348, Seminar in Applied Mathe-
matics, will meet today at 3:00 p.m.
in 319 West Engineering Bldg. Dr. Civin
will speak on "A Non-Linear Boundary
value Problem." Hereafter the meetings
of this seminar will be held at the regular
time, Mondays at 4:00 p.m.
Physics 25 Final: The final examination
in this course will be given Friday, Feb.
26, beginning at 2:00 p.m. in the West
Lecture Room.
Make-up Final Examination in Geology
11 will be given. Friday, February 26, at
1:00 p.m., in Room 3053 Natural Science
Bldg.
Organic Evolution (Zoology 31): Sup-
plementary examination for those absent
from final will be held. in Room 3089 N.S.
on Saturday, Feb. 27, at 9:00 a.m.
Students, College of Literature, Science,
and the Arts: No course may be elected.
for credit after the end of the third week.
Saturday, February 27, therefore, is the
last date on which new elections may be,
approved. The willingness of an individual
instructor to admit a student later does
not affect the operation of this rule.
E. A. Walter
Students planning to petition the Hlop.-
wood Committee should read paragraph 18
on page 9 of the Hopwood bulletin. The
deadline for such petitions is March 1.
R. W. Cowden
Exhibitions
Exhibit: Museum of Art and Archaeol
ogy, Newberry Hall. Photographs of Tu'
uisia by George R. Swain. Official Pho~
tographer to the University of Michga
Expedition to North Africa in 1925. Tunis
Medjez-el-Bab, Tozeur, Tebessa, Sfax
Matmata country.
Exhibition: Metal Work from I lami
Countries (Iran, Egypt, and Syria). Rackr
ham School. Feb. 25 through March 11
Every afternoon, 2:00-5:00.
Events Today
Varsity Glee Club: Regular rehearsa
this evening at 7:30. All members mus
make a deposit on music folders at thi
time. Bring eligibility cards.
Rehearsal of the Women's Glee Cli
this evening at 7:15. Attendance compul
sory.
Tryouts for all interested in joining tho
Glee Club this afternoon in the Kala~
mazoo Room of the League from 4:0
to 5:30. Freshman girls especially invited!
Mortarboard will meet tonight at 7:1
in the council room of the League.
Phi Tau Alpha will meet tonight at 7:3
in the East Conference Room of the Rack.
ham Building. All students of Latin anc
Greek are cordially invited.
interviewing for the four new position;
as aides to the Judiciary Council will tak(
place today from 3:30 to 5:30 p.m. in thE
Judiciary Office of the League.
The Regular Thursday Evening Recorder
Program in the Men's Lounge of the Rack,
ham Building at 8:00 p.m. will be. as fol
lows :
All Sibelius Program consisting of Con
certo in D minor for Violin, Symphony No
3 in C major, and Symphony No. 7 in (
major.
First Aid Course: Mixed classes will b
given at the League starting Tuesday
March 2, at 7:30 p.m. Registration fo
both the "Beginner's Course" and tha
"Advanced Course" will be from 1 to
today at the Union and the League.
La Sociedad Hispanica Mdatures Mr. Ralpi
Stephens Gerganoff, Arch. '17, who wil
lecture on ecuador, illustrating his tall
with colored movies, today at 4:00 .p.m
Room D ,AlumnihMemorial Hall. Thi
lecture will take the place of they one b:
Dr. Aiton as originally scheduled.
There will be a program meeting of th
Spanish Club tonight at 8:00 at the Mich
igan League.