I
THE MICHIGAN DAilY
FRIDAY, NOVEMBIER 29, 1940
erw ic -+
U.S. Becomes World's Center
Of Democracy And Education
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Editorial Staff
By BERNARD DOBER
With the onrush of dictatorship in European
countries, civil liberties and freedom of thought
have been stifled. As a result of this condition,
the United States has assumed a new, more
important role in the advancement of culture and
in maintaining the tradition that thought and
scholarship must be free. No more striking evi-
dence toward the achievement of the aims can
be found than in the formation of "The Univer-
sity In Exile" at the New School For Social Re-
search in New York.
On Oct. 2, 1933, the Graduate Faculty of Polit-
ical and Social Science, which was made up of
scholars driven from their posts in the totali-
tarian countries, began its first academic year.
This was the start of what has been called "one
of the most remarkable educational adventures
of our time." Since that time this faculty has
developed into a vital and integral part of the
American educational system.
From an original group of fourteen, the Grad-
uate Faculty at present numbers twenty-four
and includes eighteen Germans, two Italians,
three Austrians and one Spaniard. Registrations
in the Graduate School have grown each year.
In the academic year 1938-39, 418 students were
enrolled, representing 110 American colleges and
universities and 21 foreign institutions. Many are
working for their master's degree and others for
their doctorates. Still other students-are less in-
terested in obtaining higher degrees than in im-
Hervie Haufler .
Alvin Sarasohn .
Paul M. Chandler
Karl Kessler .
Milton Orslhefsky . .
Howard A. Goldman
Laurence Mascott
Donald Wirtchafter
Esther Osser .
Helen Corman .
Business
Business Manager .
Assistant Business Manager .
Women's Business Manager
Women's Advertising Manager
Managing Editor
Editorial Director
. . City Editor
Associate Editor
. . Associate Editor
Associate Editor
* Associate Editor
Sports Editor
.. .Women's Editor
Exchange Editor
In ependerce
For The Philippines .
Staff
. .
Irving Guttman
Robert Gilmour
Helen Bohnsack
Jane Krause
NIGHT EDITOR: ALVIN DANN
W The editorials publised in The Michi-
gan Daily are written by members of The
Daily staff and represent the views of the
writers only.
Fascinating
Career Closes ., . .
T HE INDICTMENT of Frank McKay,
Republican national committeeman
and former State Treasurer apparently brings to
aclose a fascinating political and business ca-
reer that rivals anything put between the covers
of a novel.
Gifted with a friendly, likeable personality and
a shrewd brain, he climbed the political ladder
from the post of a petty assignment clerk in a
Grand Rapids court to the point where with
the aid of a few other leaders he was able to
dominate the party. His rise to power was ma-
terially facilitated by a political set-up which
political scientists here have described as "duck
soup" for bossism. Through the manipulation
of the party machinery he was able to exercise
an influence that would never have been granted
him if a canvass: had ever been made of Re-
publican voters in the state on the question of
his leadership.
For years those acquainted with him main-
tained that he would never run afoul of the
law. This arose from the mysterious nature of
all his activities. Until very recently he always.
tried to remain in the background and denied
all reports about his dealings with politicians.
Because of this aura of secrecy, Lansing gossip
was always full of "confidential" stories about
some McKay deal. Fantastic reports were given
about the extent of his control in certain Re-
publican administrations.
E IS probably one of the wealthiest men in
the state at the present time. He is moreover
connected with a number of legitimate busi-
nesses. But ever since he assumed active leader-
ship in politics there have been charges about
his profitable deals with the state at the expense
of the taxpayers. That adequate proof can ever
be produced of these past accusations is doubted
by the experienced observers who have followed
his activities.
These same observers, however, do not believe
that it will be easy for McKay to refute the
present indictments against him.
- Alvin Dann
The 'Greeks'
And Alcohol .
RATERNITIES have always been
faced with many problems, and one
of the biggest of these is the control of liquor
and beer in their chapter houses.. University
officials have tried to aid them by imposing rules
prohibiting the use of alcoholic beverages in the
houses.
These rules have been necessitated by fra-
ternities' abuse of privileges, parental pressure
and opinion and University administration pol-
Icy. They are strict-a little harsh, many people
believe. Yet they are, in large measure, neces-
Sary.
The rules prohibit the use of any alcoholic
beverage in any chapter house. They are aimed
directly at keeping order in the houses, aiding
chapter officials in enforcement of house rules,
;nd guiding younger members in formulation
of habits.
THE RULES are certainly worthy in their in-
tent. Fraternity men should realize this-
Y'1...Lf-...w7 n ," rlo anr fnr - P+ir nw iA.
T HIS MONTH the Philippine Com-
monwealth celebrated the fifth year
of its existence. On July 4, 1946, under law,
it has the right to celebrate its independence
from the United States. But both the Filipinos
and the people of the United States have been
growing ever more doubtful of that celebration
as the war in Europe progresses.
The one indispensable provision for a suc-
cessful Philippine Republic must be economic
independence from the United States. This meant
five years ago that markets other than Amer-
ican markets had to be found, and that a self-
sustaining economy had to be developed on the
basis of domestic needs. Today, however, as then,
the chief export of the islands is sugar-which
nations existing today on ersatz are not buying,
and which as an industry can not survive the
American tariffs that will be imposed when in-
dependence is granted. This last is true of any
of the lesser production exports also.
MINOR PRODUCTION there includes coconut
oil, hemp and rice. The sale of coconut oil is
a doubtful contribution to national wealth, as
an export depended upon solely. Hemp produc-
tion is controlled for the most part by Japan. And
rice is the only product that is wholly consumed
by the Filipino people.
Nevertheless, the country is a rich one. Millions
of tons of iron are shipped yearly to the Japan-
ese. Oil has been discovered, and gold mining is
a booming industry. But America remains the
Chief market, Japan the second most interested
trader. And herein lies another danger. When
the United States bows out, raising her tariffs
and cutting down her commercial intercourse,
Japan'sR interests will not have been diminished,
and Japan is not a peace-loving friend. Japan's
navy cruises the pIacific ominously, and not only
as a source of economic materials but also as a
military base, the possession of the Philippines
would be invaluable to her.
National defense is a major problem on the
islands. Of the 16 million inhabitants, a few
thousand have been trained to shoulder a rifle
and march with precision, but where is a navy?
Where are anti-aircraft guns? Where are the
air squadrons?,
ACCORDING TO a recent New York Times
article the Philippine people are wondering
about taking the freedom assured them in 1946,
and the United States could answer their b
wilderment. But can we? We could allow them
their freedom as planned, and then sit back and
await developments. If Japan were planning on
taking over, we would not bepleased. The islands
are too close to our borders. We would have to
assure a defenseless people their liberty. More-
over, there would have to be wide economic ad-
justments and concessions if the little nation
were to exist without bankruptcy.
On the other hand, diplomatic conferences
could solve the immediate problem by extending
the Filipinos the length of time for preparation
for freedom. We could allow them time enough
for the European wars to burn out and markets
to open up, enough time for defense programs
to be worked out in full.
- Shirley Wallace
They refuse to realize that while their chapter
might keep the use of beer under control, mean-
while excluding the use of anything stronger,
the lads of XYZ or PDQ might not-XYZ or PDQ
might permit completely uncontrolled use of any-
thing from whiskey to grain alcohol.
Consequently, violations of the anti-alcohol
rule are prevalent. Some houses permit its viola-
tion as a matter of course; others countenance
it for "special occasions." Some of the violations
are quiet, controlled; others are ordinary binges.
HOW to punish the violators-not as a matter
of punishment, but in order to stop the viola-
tions- is a matter of major proportions. Should
the University hold the, house fast to the rule,
closing them for even minor violations? Shall-
or could-the rule be repealed or modified? If
proving their personal and professional resources
through advanced study.
Of the faculty, Alvin Johnson, director,
wrote: "The men and the one woman who
compose this faculty were expelled from their
posts essentially for one reason only. They
chose to be free. In the' majority of cases,
the official ground for dismissal was 'politi-
cal unreliability.' They could not consent to
stultify themselves by accepting the official
doctrines and thereby forfeit their scholarly
right to follow the truth wherever it may
lead. They regarded liberty as worth what-
ever sacrifices it might entail, and therewith
placed themselves in the honored company
of the men who by their readiness to endure
sacrifice won liberty for the English speaking
peoples."
Soon after their arrival in this country, this
group of scholars worked out for itself a consti-
tution under which it has operated ever since.
It is a unique document not to be found any-
where in education annals: (1) Every member
of the Faculty as a scholar accepts the obligation
to follow the truth wherever it may lead, regard-
less of personal consequences. (2) No member
of the Faculty can be a member of any political
party or group which asserts the right to dictate
in matters of science or scientific opinion. (3)
The Faculty and its individual members bind
themselves, in all official action, especially in
elections to the Faculty or in promotion of
members, to be guided solely by considerations
of scholarly achievement, competence, and in-
tegrity. It is agreed that in the decisions of the
Faculty, scientifically irrelevant considerations
such as race, religion, or political beliefs shall
be given no weight whatsoever, so long as these
represent no bar upon individual freedom of
thought, inquiry, teaching and publication.
Any faculty who can set up for themselves so
broad and so lively a creed cannot fail to have
a dynamic effect on any institution with which
they are connected. Many important books and
papers have been published by members of this
distinguished faculty, while the quarterly journ-
al, "Social Research," which the Graduate Fac-
ulty publishes, is a noteworthy addition to the
journals of social and political science in this
country.
President Roosevelt sent a message to the sec-
ond anniversary dinner pointing to the Graduate
Faculty as an example of "American adherence
to the principle of intellectual freedom." Edu-
cators and philanthropists have hailed it as
"The only free German faculty in the world," not
only a center for outstanding research and study,
but also a "means of counteracting propaganda
designed to interfere with intellectual freedom
in the United States."
When Thomas Mann came to the United States
especially to inaugurate the fifth year of the
Graduate Faculty, he paid it a moving tribute:
This youngest American institution of higher
learning is in an interesting way connected with
a strange incident which should put every Ger-
uman to shame, an incident that happened at, or
I should rather say was inflicted on, the oldest
German university, Heidelberg. There the great
lecture hall, endowed on the suggestion of the
American ambassador (Schurman) by American
philanthropists, bore the insription "TO THE
LIVING SPIRIT." This inscription-unbeliev-
able as it seems-has been removed from the
buff ing. Thus the regime itself has declared
that there is-for the time being-no home for
the living spirit in Germany's universities. Now
I suggest that your faculty take these words and
make them your motto, to indicate that the living
spirit, driven from Germany, has found a home
in this country.
In addition to the men who are on the faculty,
many more are being asked to join. Under the
directorship of Alvin Johnson, the New School
is not remaining static or satisfied with what it
has done; it is indeed trying to embody the "liv-
ing spirit" in its endeavors. On the way to join
the faculty are distinguished artists, musicolo-
gists, philosophers, social scientists, geograph-
ers, physical scientists and mathematicians who
come from Germany, Poland, Russia, Czechoslo-
vakia, Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium,
Holland and Scandinavia.
But it' is not to replace present faculty men
that these men are being brought here; it is to
add new stimulus to our intellectual life. It is no
secret that educational leaders advised students
to go abroad to Germany, tQ France and to
other European countries to continue their edu-
cation; education has always been international.
What is happening, in effect, is that the schol-
ars are being brought to the students, instead
of the reverse.
There is always the argument, when this sub-
ject is brought up, that these men will take away
places that would otherwise be filled by American
scholars. There is no such danger, however, as
far as the men on The New School Faculty are
concerned; and there need not be any other
place. Through the generosity of various Foun-
dations and other interested organizations, pro-
vision has been made for the maintenance of
these scholars through a period of two years.
During that period, many of the scholars will
be appointed to the faculties of the many uni-
versities and colleges in the country which ex-
pect them to strengthen the position of the in-
stitution.
Without a doubt the addition of these scholars
to the faculty of The New School and to the
faculties of the other American institutions will
result in an advancement of American intellec-
tual thought. To encourage their work is to en-
courage freedom of thought in the United
States.
RabertSAie W
Ce I
WASHINGTON - French appeas-
ers who favor cooperation with Ger-
many, particularly Vice Premier La-
val, are going to have a rude awaken-
ing on the arrival of Admiral William
Leahy, new U.S. Ambassador to Vichy.
Officially inspired French news-
papers received Admiral Leahy's ap-
pointment as an indication that the
United States had decided to play
ball with Germany and was veering
away from Britain.
But they were so wrong. Inside
fact is that Admiral Leahy is one
of Roosevelt's most vigorous advisers
in favor of helping Britain, and has
even urged that a large part of the
American navy be sent to Singapore
in order to keep an eye on Japan,
and serve as a silent warning against
Japanese penetration down to the
Dutch East Indies.
In the White House conference at
which this plan was proposed. Ad-
miral Leahy engaged in a hot argu-
ment with Under Secretary of State
Sumner Welles, who was opposed to
sending the fleet to Singapore and
who pointed to the danger of a Ger-
man naval advance on Dakar and
the Azores in the Atlantic.
Admiral Leahy replied that as long
as the British fleet held out, there
was no need to worry about Dakar
and the Azores. But once the Brit-
ish fleet crumbled, he said, then' the
American navy would be up against
the problem of guarding two oceans-
which at the present time was im-
possible.
Aid In Orient
Therefore Admiral Leahy urged
that the United States help Great
Britain now before it was too late,
especially in the Far East. Keeping
Japan in her place, he said, would
have a more salutary effect upon
the dictators of the world than any
other single move the United States
could make.
During this White House confer-
ence Admiral Stark, Chief of Naval
Operations, lamented that the fleet
was unprepared because it did not
have enough tankers to carry, fuel
oil across the Pacific. To this Ad-
miral Leahy replied:
"Admiral, did you ever think of
picking up the telephone and calling
the heads of Standard Oil and Tex-
aco? They have plenty of tankers
and they are patriotic citizens who
would be glad to lease them to the
Navy."
This is the type of man Roosevelt
is sending to France in an attempt
to wean the French over to the Brit-
ish side and tip the balance of war
against Hitler.
Gridiron Club
Most amusing feature of President
Roosevelt's refusal to attend the
Gridiron Club dinner, held in Decem-
ber, is the fact that only four mem-
bers of the club knew about it. Ap-
parently these four were keeping it
secret from the other members until
the last minute because it would de-
tract from the club's prestige.
Members of the National Press
Club, on the other hand, long ago had
a pretty good indication that Roose-
velt would renege on the Gridiron
Dinner. The Press Club dinner is
a democratic affair attended by the
several hundred members, and there
is nothing exclusive about it. The
dress is black tie, not the formal
white tie and tails of the Gridiron
Club, which has an exclusive mem-
bership of less than fifty.
So when a delegation from the Na-
tional Press Club called on Roosevelt
to invite him to its annual dinner,
they found him in a rebellious mood.
"Four press dinners ayear are to
much," he said in effect. "There's
the Press Club dinner, the White
House Correspondents' dinner, anc
two Gridiron Club dinners. The
Press Club and White House Corre-
spondents' dinners are all right, but
these Gridiron Club dinners . ..!!
What's the use of getting yourself
done up in a white tie for a bunch
of stuffed shirts?"
Note-Meat of the Gridiron Club2
members aretardent New Deal haters
several belonging to the Willkie Brain
Trust during the recent campaign.
At past dinners, most of their. jibes
have been aimed against the Roose-
velt Administration. .
Virgin Islands Row
The Virgin Islands, always a politi7
cal teapot, are boiling over with a
new tempest so violent that Governor
Lawrence Cramer and his boss, Sec-
retary of the Interior Ickes, are not
on speaking terms. Ickes has ac-
tually barred Governor Cramer from
the Interior Department except or
official business.
The feud began when Ickes got
reports of a breakdown in law anc
order in the Virgin Islands, and sent
an investigator to look into the situa-
tion. But without waiting to learr
very much about the investigation,
Governor Cramer began firing hot
FIRE
&WRTCR
by mascott
The boys were assembled in the ous notations in the Daily's weather
edit office and were reminiscing predictions. Some of the better ex-
about the Daily of old-the good and amples include: "Cooler today and
the bad that went and goes into a Wednesday followed by Thursday";
student Daily newspaper. "A modicum of precipitation de-
Of course, the conversation turned scending from the upper steppes";
to boners, especially the classic ones "Rain or snow in Ann Arbor--as
that we'll remember even at the usual."
Daily's 100th anniversary. The Daily, (6) But the greatest error of them
as even its editors will admit, does all occurred in April, 1917. Thiw is
make mistakes. but the editors are the Daily legend told to each recruit
always quick to add: "In the same as he tries out for the sophomore
proportion as any professional news- staff: It was a Friday night in
paper." April (1917) and Easter vacation
But here are a few of the Daily's for the University was to begin the
classic boners: following day, so that the Daily of
(1) The women's page that Stan that evening was to be the last Daily
Sw)ntn mensup gichaontand for a 10-day interval. The night
Swinton made up which contained editor made up the paper early and
the remarkable error about a Pro- went downstairs to watch the lino-
fessors wife: '"She came to the af- typist and the make-up man per-
fair dressed in ancharming low-cut form the technical details of putting
' e ng-i fa,,.l the paper "to bed". The night editor,
'low-cuhowever, instructed a sophomore to
12) The Newman Club's ad about remain upstairs and keep a close
the extremely interesting movies on watch on the Associated Press ma-
climate and peoples of the Arctic chine so that if anything "big"
that Father Hubbard showed here breaks, the sophomore could imme-
last year. It seems that the day be- diately inform the junior night editor
fore Father Hubbard was to appear and the story would be incorporated
here Ann Arbor experienced a ter- in the paper.
rific wind and sleet storm. The fol- The sophomore dutifully obeyed
lowing morning the Newman Club the instructions. Five minutes be-
and the Daily advertising staff, quick fore press-time, however, a bulletin
to take advantage of the relation came over the AP machine: "Pres-
between Ann Arbor's storm and Fa- ident Wilson asks for declaration of.
ther Hubbard's pictures which in- war against Germany." The sopho-
cluded shots of Arctic storms, ran more looked at the clock and con-
the following ad: 'You may think cluded that it was too late to change
yesterday's storm was bad, but wait the paper. So he neglected men-
until you see Father Hubbard's tioning the story.
movies." When school re-convened ten days
(3) The Daily a few years ago ran later the Daily for the first time "in-
a story on the death of President formed" its readers that the U.S. had
Ruthven's father, a famed railroad declared war against Germany.
contractor. The linotypist by error But'the editors always can truth-
changed the occupation of President fujly state that any paper makes its
Ruthven's father to read: "Railroad mistakes. They can also add that
conductor." It was only at 2:10 a.m., it is only the Michigan Daily that,
five minutes before Daily deadline, despite occasional;~errors, can boast
that the error was caught and cor- of the following student newspaper
rected. record: Winning the All-American
(4 Then there are the following Pacemaker Rating in 1934, 1935, 1936,
little proof-reading errors: "Cashing- 1937, 1939 and 1940 (the Daily was
ton, D.C.--{P)-The President enter- not entered in 1938 and the year
tained a meeting of business leaders 1934 was the first time the Daily
at the White Souse today." "President was entered); winning first place in
Ruthven's tenth anniversary as head three of the four Sigma Delta Ohi
of the University. of Michigan will awards and placing second in the
be celebrated at Yost Field Mouse fourth.
this evening." The boys in the edit office can
(5) There was the spree of humor- reminisce about that too.
t
r
t
1
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DAILY-OFFICIAL BULLETIN
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1940
VOL. LI. No. 52
Publication in the Daily Official
Bulletin is constructive notice to all
members of the University.
Notices
To Members of the Faculty, College
of Literature, Science, and the Arts:
The third regular meeting of the
Faculty of they College of Literature,
Science, and the Arts of the academ-
ic session of 1940-41 will be held in
Room 1025 Angell Hall, December
2, at 4:10 p.m.
The reports of the various commit-
tees have been prepared in advance
and are included with this call to the
meeting. They should be retained in
your files as part of the minutes of
the December meeting.
Edward H. Kraus
AGENDA:
1. Michigan Cooperative Teacher
Education Study, Dr. H. L. Turner.
2. Consideration of the minutes of
the meeting of November 4th, 1940
(pp. 692-693), which were distributed
by campus mail.
3. Consideration of the reports sub-
mitted with this call to the meeting.
a. Executive Committee, prepared
by Professor P. S. Welch.
b. Executive Beoard of the Gradu-
ate School, prepared by Professor L.
I. Bredvold.
c. Senate Advisory Committee on
University Affairs, to be given by
Associate Professor W. L. Ayres.
d. Deans' Conference, prepared by
Dean E. H. Kraus.
4. Freshman Tests of Scholastic Ap-
titude, Assistant Professor P. S. Dwy-
er.
5. New business.
6. Announcements.
Faculty, School of Education:
Monthly luncheon meeting, Mon-
day, December 2, Michigan Union,
Academic Notices
Metal Processing 4, Section 3: The
bluebook which is scheduled for Sat-
urday, November 30, will be changed
to Wednesday, December 4.
Pre-Medical Students: The sec-
ond set of tests inthe series of apti-
tude tests for the Pre-Medical So-
ciety will be given Saturday, No-
vember 30, at 1:30 p.m. in room 300
of West Medical Building.
soloist with the University Sym-
phony Orchestra, conducted by Prof.
Thor Johnson, in a concert at 4:15
p.m. Sunday, December 1, in Hill
Auditorium.t
Exhibitions
Exhibitions College of Architecture
and Design: An exhibit of ceramic
processes including structure, form,
color and glazing is being shown in
the first floor hall of the Architecture
Building through December 10. Open
daily, except Sunday, from 9 to 5. The
public is invited.
Lectures
University Lecture: H. Lauterpacht,
Whewell Professor of International
Law at Cambridge University, will
lecture on the subject, "Problems of
Post-War International Reconstruc-
tion," under the auspices of the Law
School and the Department of Poli-
tical Science at 4:15 p.m. on Mon-
day, December 2, in the Rackham
Lecture Hall. The public is cordially
invited.
University Lecture: Dr. Imre Fer-
enczi, formerly of the International
Labor Office, Geneva, Switzerland,
will lecture on the subject "War and
Man Power" under the auspices of
the Department of Economics on
Thursday, December 5, at 4:15 p.m. in
the Rackham Lecture Hall. The
public is cordially invited.
Mathematics Lecture: Professor
A. W. Tucker of Princeton Univer-
sity will lecture on Monday, Decem-
ber 2, at 3:00 p.m., in 3011 A.H., on
"Some Topological Properties of the
Real Hyperquadrics."
Events Today
The Graduate Education Club will
hold an organization meeting today
at 4:15 p.m. in the University Ele-
mentary School Library. All gradu-
ate students in Education are urged
to join. Refreshments.
German Journal Club will meet to-
day at 4:10 p.m. in room 302 Michi-
gan Union. Professor H. W. Nord-
meyer will give a brief talk on "Das
Reinmar-Problem."
J.G.P. Dance Tryouts are today,
3:00-5:00- nm . in the Gme Rnm