2A - Wednesday, September 25, 2013
The Michigan Daily - michigandaily.com
BOOKS
From Page 1A
shelves," Hamstra said.
There are no books that are
banned from the University,-but
the practice continues to be an
issue in some U.S. school dis-
tricts.
People stopped to listen as
they walked through the Diag
- Hamstra noted that in the
past people have been confused
as they walked past the read-
ing because censorship does not
seem to be a pressing issue on
campus.
"I think it's important that the
library has this advocacy this
week so that students are encour-
aged to be good patrons of their
libraries so they think critically
as they get involved in their com-
munities and school districts,"
she said.
Banned books have includ-
ed content against religious
values, magic with claims of
cultism, religious texts, offen-
sive language or anti-family
themes.
Hamstra said claims of
anti-family content usually
pertain to books that include
gay parents such as Lesla
Newman's "Heather has Two
Mommies."
In 2010, the Tucson Uni-
fied School District banned all
books by Chicano and Native
American authors, in response
to a state law that banned
schools from including mate-
rial in their instruction that
promote ethnic solidarity over
individuality. The TUSD deci-
sion to remove these books was
overturned this July by a fed-
eral court order.
LECTURES
From Page 1A
the system of protecting chil-
dren, prompting administrators
and professors to examine how
minors are protected on cam-
pus.
Experts from different fields,
from medicine to risk manage-
ment, discussed the institutional
flaws. Bethany Mohr, medical
director of University of Michi-
gan Health System Child Protec-
tion Team, said UMHS faculty
and residents are not screened
for a history of committing child
abuse.
This screening, different from
a background check, would nar-
row in on instances that typically
do not warrant arrest and where
employees abuse their own chil-
dren. Though the Sandusky case
involved sexual abuse, Jenson
was not accused of having an
inappropriate contact with chil-
dren.
Mohr added that there are
issues with establishing poli-
cies on the provider-patient
relationship, which must com-
prehensively cover all possible
instances of abuse. She said
such policies should be better
known.
"Close to zero parents know
what to do," Mohr said about
cases where parents must grap-
ple with alleged abuse inci-
dents. "They just don't have any
resources."
The complexity of minors
interacting with University offi-
cials even extends to the Law
School. Frank Vandervort, super-
vising attorney at the University
LSA freshman Jessica Longe
was a junior at Salem High
School, 25 miles outside of Ann
Arbor, when the superintendent
decided to ban "Waterland" from
her AP English class after a com-
plaint from one of the student's
parents due to sexually graphic
descriptions.
After months of debate at
school board meetings, a panel of
community members decided to
revoke the ban.
Longe - who read a pas-
sage aloud at the event - said
the debate brought religion and
politics into the school system,
which she didn't think was
appropriate.
She was frustrated that the
school system was trying to
appease specific children rather
than creating curricula that
works for the entire student
body.
Just last week, the school
board in Ralph County, N.C.
banned the book "Invisible Man"
claiming it was innapropriate for
teenagers and that it did not hold
any literary value. Visiting Pof.
V.V. Ganeshananthan read an
excerpt from "In'visible Man at
the Read Out.
The Banned Books Week
website includes a map I of
banned books in the United
States. Advocates can also
report occurrences of book hpn-
ning to the ALA.
On Thursday, Sept. 26, stu-
dents can contribute to a Vir-
tual Read Out video statement
celebrating the freedom to read
by reading out a few lines from a
banned book. Anyone interested
should go to the Practice Pre-
sentation Room in the Under-
graduate Library from 1 p.m. to
3 p.m.
Juvenile Justice Clinic, said his
students represent minors in
criminal courts.
However, the Law School
doesn't have policies on how
to appropriately treat children.
Vandervort recently asked his
colleagues where he could find
such policies.
"Most of the people looked at
me with a very strange face like
I was from outer space," he said.
Lawyers and clergy mem-
bers are not required to report
witnessed sexual abuse even
in states where all adults are
required to, a precedent that
angered Vandervort.
"It seems to me in that circum-
stance the response is so obvi-
ous is that we shouldn't have a
national debate or conversation
about these sort of things," he
said.
Faller said she hoped the
seminar translates to better
policy at the University. Her fel-
low speakers said other colleges'
policies lack comprehensiveness,
though some campuses are more
advanced.
"We're hoping that out of
this will come more coherent
understanding, but also a better
policy and better ideas of policy
when kids are on campus," she
said.
Some graduate students may
attend the seminars for credit.
Social Work graduate student
Christian Moore was one such
student in a crowd of professors
- he hopes to work in University
outreach.
"I wish that more, students,
were aware of the course," he
said. "It promotes agreater dia-
logue about safety."
CSG
From Page 1A
youMICH presidential nominee, sent
an e-mail to assembly representatives
and youMICH affiliates, recommend-
ing candidates for select executive and
legislative positions, including that
Keeney was qualified to be instated as
the rules committee chair. At the time,
Keeney was a representative on the
assembly, popularly elected as an inde-
pendent.
At the time, youMICH party members
served as the majority in the assembly,
giving them the majority vote to select
and confirm candidates for committee-
chair positions.
Keeney denied all allegations of affili-
ations with youMICH prior to the UEC
hearings.
While the youMICH e-mail sug-
gests that Keeney was affiliated with
youMICH, Proppe said the decision to
instate Keeney as chair of the commit-
tee was solely due to the fact that Keeney
was the most qualified candidate for the
position.
While Keeney previously served as a
lawyer for the youMICH team during
the legal proceedings that followed the
2012 CSG election, he was appointed
externally by the Central Student Judi-
ciary to serve youMICH - along with
now-defunct party ourMichigan - and
was paid for his services.
As a result, when Proppe announced,
his nomination of Keeney for a position
on his executive branch, the Executive
Nominations Committee conducted an
investigation on the alleged affiliations
that may compromise Keeney's impar-
tiality.
Architecture senior John Arnold,
chair of the Executive Nominations
Committee, said although Keeney was a
qualified candidate for the position and
he recognized that a lot of the allega-
tions were "hearsay," the committee felt
that Keeney was ethically compromised.
"We feel that because of (Keeney's)
prior involvement with youMICH, it
would have been good ethical prac-
tice for him to recuse himself from the
(UEC)hearings,"Arnold said. "Confirm-
ing a candidate that has been intimately
involved with the past two (election tri-
als), we don't think is a good way to ame-
liorate the issues."
In an August interview, former stu-
dent general counsel Lukas Garske, an
ex-officio and non-voting member of the
last UEC, said he made all UEC members
disclose their party affiliations prior the
hearing and that the decision to oust the
forUM candidates was a "very clear-cut
decision."
In a written statement, Garske said
there was no proof confirming rumors
that Keeney had "accepted a deal" from
youMICH that promised he would be
appointed as SGC if the UEC disquali-
fied Osborn from the presidency.
"It would be a shame if (Keeney) was
denied the ability to continue to serve
CSG because of party politics," Garske
wrote.
Proppe stressed that he never prom-
ised Keeney the SGC position before the
hearings had finished. In contemplating
possible candidates, Propre said the first
time he reached dout to Keeney for the
position was in late April, after all elec-
tion disputes had been resolved.
Lawstudent Betsy Fisher, who served
as forUM's lawyer during the election
cycle, issued a statement that said that
the issues raised were "structural rather
than ethical" as Keeney's presence on
the UEC panel was his responsibility as
an assembly member, regardless of affili-
ation.
"I worked hard on forUM's case,
and I'm disappointed that anyone from
forUM would attack the credibility of
their colleagues six months after the
election dispute was finalized," she
added. "I'm embarrassed to be associ-
ated with anyone who would."
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BRAIN
From Page 1A,
of activity they encounter, estab-
lishing a "functional circuitry,"
Umemori said.
"In the beginning, we usu-
ally have excess synapses, so
we choose good ones," he said.
"Active ones will be stabilized
and inactive ones will be elimi-
nated, so that we will basically
have the most efficient circuitry
in the brain."
While the lab's research
involves development of the brain
over time, the recent findings
focus on the molecular mecha-
nisms that underlie the process of
synapse maturation in the second
step of the process.
In particular, Umemori's lab
has confirmed the role a new
molecule in this step: signal regu-
latory protein-alpha. SIRP-alpha
travels between pre- and post-
synaptic neurons, binding with
specific receptors that tell the
neuron to reinforce the synaptic
connection.
"SIRP is basically used as a
communication tool between
pre- and post-synaptic cells to tell
them that this is an active syn-
apse," Umemori said.
The molecule was discovered
in2010 in a research study focus-
ing primarily on the first step of
neuron development. It wasn't
until the lab's most recent pub-
lication that they realized the
importance of this molecule in
synaptic reinforcement was real-
ized.
Irl the search for molecules
involved in the synapse matu-
ration process, Umemori's lab
screened brain tissue samples in
culture - placing neurons in con-
tact with a variety of molecules
thought to play a role in synapse
development.
After identifying cultures
with active synapse formation,
the tissue samples underwent a
procedure known as biochemi-
cal purification, which separates
molecules based on different
characteristics such as size or
charge.
In future studies, Umemori
said the lab hopes to analyze the
effects of synapse dysfunction
in schizophrenia using geneti-
cally modified mice, often called
knockouts. While these mice are
thought to express schizophre-
nia, the lab plans to run behhvior-
al studies to confirn'the presence
of this trait - or "phenotype" -
and its link to synaptic develop-
ment.
"We have the knockout ani-
mals, and knockout animals do
have synaptic changes, but we
don't know if they have different
phenotype yet," Umemori said.
"If the animals show schizo-
phrenic phenotype then we can
try to treat (them) and see if that
can be a disease model."
Additionally, future research
in the lab will examine other
areas of the brain, since the
recent findings were isolated to
specific regions like the hippo-
campus.
Erin Johnson-Venkatesh, a
postdoctoral research fellow
in the lab, plans to expand the
research to cover other aspects of
synapse development.
"The paper focuses only on
excitatory synapses," Johnson-
Venkatesh said. "Inhibitory syn-
apses also may be affected, so
I'm trying to figure out why and
how."
Although the research has
potentially broad implications for
clinical treatments of neurode-
velopmental diseases, Johnson-
Venkatesh said the molecular
professes tend to dominate the
day-to-day focus of the lab. Only
when a project reaches the pub-
lication stage does she come to
fully realize the impact of such
work.
"You get really engrossed in a
particular set of experience and
sometimes you forget to even
come up for air and all of a sud-
den ... we need to write a paper
and share these results," she said.
"Usually atthe beginning and the
end you sort of think more larger
picture, and in the middle you're
just focused."
Two University alumni, Anna
Toth and Lily Zhang, both con-
tributed to this recent publi-
cation. Given their success in
this field, Johnson-Venkatesh
offered advice to undergradu-
ates interested in pursuing
research.
"I think finding something
you're interested in is probably
the most important," she said.
"And the second most important
is finding an environment that
you like working in ... because
then you're going to enjoy being
there."
-Alexandra Soos and Madison
Dettlinger contributed reporting.
A
C-SPAN
From Page 1A
ment during the 1970s and
1980s, including the conserva-
tive women who fervently fought
against the Equal Rights Amend-
ment, which was never ratified.
The episode was taped during a
lecture the 2013 winter semes-
ter in Morantz-Sanchez's course,
"Women in American History
Since 1870."
When Morantz-Sanchez
earned a Ph.D. at Columbia
3 University in 1971, classes like
"Women in American History"
would never have appeared on
the pages of a university course
.guide.
"When I went to graduate
school, I learned nothing really,
except the abilityto tell good his-
tory from bad history because
., E none of the history we practice
today really existed," Morantz-
Sanchez said.
At the time,she said mosthistory
classes were aboiut'mple history.'^
"We never spoke about
women," Morantz-Sanchez said.
History as studied at iniver-
sities and taught in classrooms,
she said, was told through a nar-
row lens. The subject generally
ignored the complexities of race,
class and gender - it generally
focused on a political narrative
absent of cultural influences.
Morantz-Sanchez left Colum-
bia later that year. At that time,
interest in the Civil Rights Move-
ment was growing at universities.
Morantz-Sanchez considered
trekking down South to register
disenfranchised voters'.
"Growing up in th Aextraordy
nary 12 years of social and politi-
cal change in the '60s and '70s,
I think many of us were open to
thinking outside the box," she
said. "And one of the first things
the Civil Rights Movement did
was to touch other people living
in American society."
In essence, the period's politi-
cal tumult influenced Morantz-
Sanchez and her contemporaries
to broaden the lens through
which academics and students
write about and study history.
"All of these things were not
necessarily taught as what was
'real history,' " she said. "What
it does is help us much better
understand ourselves - once we'
understand the complex ways we
are created as Americans, as gen-
dered people, as classed people,
as raced people, and all those
different categories are working
together mutually construct the
cultural world in which we live."
Despite these disciplinary
advances, Morantz-Sanchez said
enrollment in many of her history
courses has decreased over the
past 10 years.
"I think we're a society that
doesn't believe in history any-
more," she said.
On Saturday, a program dedi-
cated to "the people and events
that document the American
story," will air the lecture of a
professor hoping to do just that in
her Ann Arbor classroom.
But Morantz-Sanchez, who
was recruited by C-SPAN for
inclusion in the program, doesn't
have any delusions about the net-
work's demographic reach.
"Do I think anybody will
watch this C-SPAN thing? His-
tory buffs, maybe," she said.
Morantz-Sanchez isn't dis-
counting the power of history,
though. She's seen its enduring
weight when classes end each
term and a student says: "Boy I
really didn't want to take this, but
I really do understand myself bet-
ter now."
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