The Michigan Daily-Wednesday, September 30, 1987- Page 3
U.S. underestimates
mine threat in Gulf
Student finds error
6.
'
WASHINGTON (AP) - The
Navy underestimated the threat posed
by Iranian mines when it prepared to
carry out President Reagan's plan to
protect Kuwaiti tankers, the nation's
top military officer said yesterday.
"I think it's eminently fair to say
we made a number of underesti-
mates," Adm. William Crowe Jr.,
chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
told the Senate Armed Services
Committee.
"Obviously we didn't want the
Bridgeton to happen," he said, refer-
ring to the July 24 incident when the
first reflagged Kuwaiti tanker hit a
mine while it was being escorted by
U.S. Navy warships.
"We made some mistakes," he
said. "If I had it to do over again, I
wouldn't do it that way."
He said the Navy "probably over-
rated our intelligence" about Iranian
capabilities.
The Navy is now looking at ways
to reduce the number of ships and
men in the region, Crowe said, but
he warned that it would be a "terrible
error" for the Democratic-controlled
Congress to order a U.S. withdrawl.
Crowe said the Pentagon is
"groping as to what the long-term
level of forces should be there....
We are looking at ways to draw
down our forces to a more reasonable
level."
Crowe spoke as the Senate was
considering a Pentagon budget bill
that Democrats want to use as the
vehicle for a proposal that would
halt the reflagging program within
90 days unless both the House and
Senate approve it.
Earlier yesterday, the Senate voted
96-0 approval of an ammendment to
the bill praising the U.S. military
who took part in last week's attack
on an Iranian ship caught laying
mines.
in Newton
By DAHLIA DEAN
As an undergraduate at the Uni-
versity of Chicago, Robert Garisto
wrote a paper for his history of sci-
ence class that evolved into an im-
portant scientific discovery.
Garisto, currently a first year
graduate student in physics at the
University of Michigan, last Febru-
ary found the first error in calcula-
tions in Sir Isaac Newton's Princip-
ia.
Needless to say, he got an A-plus
for the paper.
Newton's 600-page Philosphiae
Naturalis Principia Mathematica
established, among other things, the
laws of motion and the theory of
gravity. In proposition eight of
Book Three, Newton tried to
demonstrate his theory by calculat-
ing the mass, surface gravity and
density of the known planets.
Garisto discovered that Newton
incorrectly copied his data from one
draft to the final draft, which resulted
in an error in his figure for the mass
of the earth.
"The value for the mass of the
earth in Newton's final edition actu-
ally corresponds to the value he cal-
culated in a previous edition,"
Garisto said. "He probably recalcu-
lated the figure for the mass of the
earth correctly, but never put the
correct results down in the final edi-
s theory
tion."
The error has gone undetected;
Garisto speculated, partly because
people working through the calcula-
tion would think they made the
mistake, not Newton.
He added, "It's not something,
readily apparent without an
evening's work, and the data and the
equations are not explicitly stated in
the proposition." ;
Ironically, the discovery came
exactly 300 years after the 1687
publication of Principia. After the
find, Garisto became the focus of
national attention when a dozen radi
and television shows and 1,200
newspapers - including the Miami
Herald and the New York Times -
publicized his find.
"The publicity and attention is
testament to how practically-error-
free the Principia is," Garisto said..
Garisto followed up the original;
paper with a more extensive paper:
on his discovery. He submitted that
to the scientific honor society, Sig-
ma Xi, where he won the University
of Chicago chapter's prize for excel-
lence in science.
Last June, Garisto received his
bachelor's degree in physics. He is
now working on his doctorate at the.
University, taking graduate classes'
and teaching labs.
THE LIST
What's happening in Ann Arbor today
Campus Cinema
84 Charing Cross Road (D.
Jones, 1987) - Mich. 7 p.m. Letters
exchanged in a routine business
transaction lead to a life-long
correspondence between a New York
writer and a London bookstore
employee. With Anne Bancroft.
Making Mr. Right (S. Seidelman,
1987) - Mich. 9:10. A public
relations expert (Ann Magnuson) sets
out to "humanize" Ulysses, an android
created for space travel (played by John
Malkovich) and ends up falling in
love. New film by the director of
Desperately Seeking Susan.
Speakers
Professors R. Lawton, J.
Marino, W. Pearson, L -
Townsend, J_ Wiseman-
Department of Chemistry, "Organic
Faculty Research Topics -II," Dow
Building, Room 1300, 3:30 p.m.
Prof. Ron Levy- "Molecular
Structure and Thermodynamics in
Solution: From Ions t o
Macromolecules." Dow Building,
Room 1200, 4 p.m.
Prof. Charles J e l a v i c h-
"Textbooks and Nation Building in the
South Slav Lands," Commons Room,
Lane Hall, 12 p.m. and "The Issue of
Serbian Textbooks in the Origins of
World War I," West Conference
Room, Rackham, 8 p.m.
Arthur Miller- Reading from his
forthcoming autobiography, Rackham
Auditorium, 8 p.m.
IMeetings
Coalition - Meeting, Pond
Room, Michigan Union, 7 p.m.
LSA Student Government -
Weekly meeting, Chambers of the
Michigan Union, 3rd Floor, 6 p.m.
Christian Women's Group-
Get-acquainted meeting, First United
Methodist Church (Corner of State and
Huron), Fireside Room, 7 p.m.
M.S.A. Women's Issues
Committee- Meeting, 3909
Michigan Union, 7 p.m.
Baha'i Club - Meeting,
Michigan Leauge, 6 p.m.
Furthermore
East Quad Music Co-op-
Presents Flashback, U-Club, 9:30
p.m., $3; $1 off for anyone wearing
Tie-dye.
Soundings: A Center for
Women- "Divorce and Beyond,"
12-week divorce adjustment prog.
Call 973-9731 for info.
Tape Sale- East Quad Music Co-
op tape sale, in the Fishbowl, 10
a.m.- 4 p.m.
Tetes Noires- R o u n d e r
Recording Artist from Minneapolis,
The Ark, 637 South Main, 8 p.m.
Advance tickets: $8.50
Interview Lecture- School of
Education, 4:10-5:30 p.m. Call 764-
7460 for info.
Send announcements of up-
coming events to "The List," c/o
The Michigan Daily, 420
Maynard St.. Ann Arbor, Mich.,
48109. Include all pertinent in-
formation and a contact phone
number. We must receive an-
nouncements for Fri4ay and
Sunday events at least two weeks
before the event, and announ-
cements for weekday events
must be received at least two
days before the event.
Daily Photo by ROBSIN LOZNAK~
Robert Garisto, a first year graduate student in physics, found a flaw in
Isaac Newton's work while Garisto was a student at the University of
Chicago.
Prof. rewarded for sparing animals in research
By MELISSA RAMSDELL
A technique that reduces the
number of animals used in hearing
loss experiments has earned a
University professor global atten-
tion.
Medical School Prof. Jochen
Schacht received the Animal Welfare
Award from the German-based Erna
Graff Foundation for the Protection
of Animals. The $5,000 grant will
go toward the continuation of
Schacht's "promising endeavors."
Schacht and Pharmacy Prof.
Norman Weiner previously used
guinea pigs and rodents to test how
certain widely used antibiotics cause
hearing loss. The animals were
injected with the drug over a period
of several weeks while the research-
ers monitored the animals to see
whether the drug affected their
hearing.
The new testing technique
bypasses live animal testing because
it examines the drug's interaction
with artificial cell structures, called
liposomes, obtained from c o w
brains. Weiner said the new
procedure, which uses cows
slaughtered for commercial purposes,
would save approximately 100 test
animals over a six month testing
period.
Students Against Rape
protest verdict in trial
(Continued from Page 1)
The group marched next to the
Phi Gamma Delta fraternity house-
where the incident allegedly oc-
curred- for a silent vigil. "Violence
happened there and we're not going
to forget it," Cohen told the group.
Catherine Fischer, a coordinator
of Washtenaw County's Women's
Crisis Center, said the "not guilty"
verdict angered and frightened her.
"It really shows people need to
wake up and see what happens when
attitudes about women and sexual
assault continue unquestioned," she
said.
Fischer said the defendant's
counter defamation suit is a harass-
ment tactic. "I hope it does not be-
come a trend. It's punishment for the
survivor to speak out and is designed
to keep women from saying what
happened."
The antibiotics cause hearing loss
by damaging the membranes of fine
hair cells in the ear; the cells convert
sounds into nerve impulses which
are then picked up by the brain.
Doctors first discovered that some
antibiotics caused hearing loss in the
1940s in patients being treated for
tuberculosis.
Schacht said that between two and
14 percent of the two million
patients treated with these drugs per
year experience some loss of
hearing.
The guinea pigs' hearing was
tested by measuring nervous system
activity to and from the anaesthetized
animal's inner ear. While the ani-
mals did not feel pain during the
procedure, many were left perma-
nently deaf.
Schacht's new technique is used
to discover how the antibiotic causes
deafness through its effect ,on the
liposome. When combined with the
antibiotics, liposomes react in a way
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that is similar to that of a human
cell membrane.
If the liposome's membrane is
damaged by the drug, researchers
assume the drug will cause similar
damage in the human ear. This
confirms the drug's toxicity.
"This could be a substitute to
screen drugs for toxicity instead of
using animals.... I think every
animal you can save is a worthwhile
effort," Schacht said. Weiner added
that the model is also less time
consuming than the use of animals
for testing because researchers will
be able to determine the drug's
potential ability to cause hearing
loss within a week rather than over
several months.
Schacht could not: predict how
widely his screening technique wil
be adopted. But, he said, if
companies do use the technique, "it
will by the same token will reduce
animal research in companies."
U of M Asian
Student
interfaith
Dating
Sundays
begins Oct. 4
Michigan Union
MMMM9
I
I
I
I
I
This workshop aims to help
participants explore and
clarify their views on
romantic relationships
between Jews and
members of other faiths.
Dr. Hank Greenspan will facilitate.
Umited to 15; call Hillel to
reserve, 663-3336
adfl
DEPARTMENT STORE BUYOUTS AT TREMENDOUS
SAVINGS. UP TO 90% OFF ORIGINAL PRICES. YOU
HAVE TO SEE THE SAVINGS TO BELIEVE IT!
-Men's and women's designer jeans and
sweaters starting at $10.00.
G 'S-Men's designer shirts and ties starting at
$5.00.
- -Men's designer suits and jackets starting
at $20.00.
-Designer labels also on blankets, linens,
flatware, and other apartment and dorm
accessories.
AT -Beautiful and elegant dresses for formal
occasions starting at $30.00.
715 N. UNIVERSITY (Downstairs at Hamilton Sq. Mall, below Mrs. Peabodys)
662-0866
10% OFF our already low prices with this coupon.
BORDERING
ON
OBNOXIOUS
Well, not really obnoxious, just vejy enthusiastic about the
U of M! The College of Literature, Science and the Arts is.
interviewing students to work for an alumni fundraising
telethon. The LS&A Phonathon runs five nights a week
from October 11 to November 19. You will be able to
select the two niahts out of the five you wish to work with
The English
Composition Board's
2 ACADEMIC WRITING
LECTURE SERIES
presents
"COMPUTERS AS A TOOL
FOR THE WRITER"
(beginners very welcome)
" Flexible evening hours
- $4-$6/hour
plus bonuses
" Build your communication
skills and resume
" 763-7420
" 611 Church St.
z
U
a,
3rd floor
I l 1