+iieta Stan Thazi
Eighty-Five Years of Editorial Freedom
Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan
The elusive
Wednesday, September 17, 1975
News Phone: 764-0552
420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Mi. 48104
Keepig up with Indira
By TOM ALLEN
RECENT TESTIMONY before
the House Committee inves-
tigating the activities of the
Central Intelligence Agency
lends a new perspective to the
heated controversy that has
surrounded that organization
for the past year. On Thursday
the Committee released reports
detailing the advisory memos
on political and military activ-
ity in the Mideast that were
composed by the Central Intel-
ligence Agency and the Defense
Intelligence Agency. They were
sent to the White House Crisis
Committee in October 1973. The
CIA concluded, on the basis
drawn from this disclosure, both
of which have profound impli-
cations on the future of the
A m e r i c a n intelligence
establishment and its relations
with its superiors in the execu-
tive branch of the federal gov-
ernment.
One must assume either the
CIA actually was aware of
Egyptian and Syrian plans and
was intentionally deceiving
Secretary Kissinger, or that
their reading of the situation
was incorrect and they were
merely reporting those faulty
readings.
BOTH OF these possibilities
ACCORDING TO THE text books,
India is a democracy but in the
past two and a half months more
than 10,000 people have been jailed
there as part of a political power-
play engineered by Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi.
Gandhi's vicious campaign - un-
dertaken after her position was
threatened by charges of corruption
-has stripped from the govern-
ment whatever democratic princi-
ples existed and has replaced them
with a totalitarian philosophy.
Civil rights have been arbitrarily
abrogated, and those who speak
against such actions have been ca-
priciously punished with little regard
for justice or law.
Yet, a recent court ruling in New
Delhi gives some hope that a sense
of morality may be returning, albeit
slowly.,
The high court - that ranks just
a step below the Indian Supreme
Court - ordered the government to
free a prominent journalist who had
been imprisoned for writing critical-
ly of the Prime Minister and her
reign of terror.
FREEING THE REPORTER was in
itself an * important symbolic
step, but more importantly, the court
declared that Gandhi must back any
arrest with a bill of particulars
against the accused.
This ruling - assuming Gandhi
abides by it, which may be a hasty
assumption - could prevent the
wholesale and certainly indefensable
imprisonment of the prime minister's
critics.
Furthermore, it may facilitate the
release of many of those now in jail
because they dared fight for their
rights.
"This is a landmark decision in In-
dian law which will have an electrify-
ing effect on the political situa-
tion," said a lawyer representing Raj
Narain, an opponent of Gandhi who
is now sitting in a cell in New Delhi.
"With this decision hundreds of
jailed prisoners can seek their re-
lease on the grounds they were un-
justly detained. It's a great rebuff to
the government."
INDEED THE RULING is a rebuff,
and for that very reason it may
be ignored by the haughty, self-right-
eous Gandhi who has continually set
herself well above the law.
And even if the court judgment is
followed to the letter, more action is
needed to restore a semblance of de-
mocracy to the arid countryside.
Pressure from other nations, par-
ticularly the United States undoubt-
edly would bring Gandhi's thinking
around to position that is somewhat
more enlightened.
Unfortunately that type of diplo-
macy has not been forthcoming -
allowing Gandhi to rule with as
heavy a hand as she chooses. The re-
sults of that brand of leadership are
all too evident. One need only look
at the prisons.
"Nevertheless, even if political realities de-
mand that a vague 'national security' function
be given to the intelligence apparatus, their
conclusions regarding political and military ac-
tivities n the Mdeast in the fall of 1973 are
proof that that function is not being per-
formed."
.s.L".v sV.1LaO a ,e L ? s :S a A ,.}}L
CIA:bL
well the CIA is serving its only
possible legitimate function
Whether the inaccuracy of their
conclusions is attributed to de-
liberate deception or sheer in-
eptitude, the intelligence organ-
izations were not doing their
job, despite the relatively free
reign that has been given them.
THE FIRST POSSIBILITY,
that the CIA was knowledgeab-
ly misleading the Secretary of
State, is obviously the most
serious of the two interpreta-
tions of the incident. If true, it
is symptomatic of an organiza-
tion whose power is so great
and so unrestrictedthat it has
become an independently act-
ing entity rather than a subor-
dinate arm of the executive
branch of the federal govern-
ment. Further evidence of this
independent action unchecked
by higher elected authorities is
the disclosure that the FBI, un-
der the direction of J. Edgar
Hoover, failed to pursue an in-
vestigation of an assassination
attempt on Victor and Walter
Reuther after such an investi-
gation had been ordered. Surely
these are npt the type of abuses
to be taken lightly by even the
staunchiest advocates of the
CIA's or FBI's mandates, sim-
ply because those mandates are
hardly being carried out when
intelligence reports are inten-
tionally false, or when authoriz-
ed inquiries are purposefully
curtailed.
AT THE BASE of these abus-
es is excessive power invested
in the intelligence and investi-
gatory establishment and in-
sufficient control over that pow-
er by executive officials. Sim-
ply urging the executive branch
to be more wary of possible ex-
cesses is probably not a viable
solution to this problem, espe-
cially when many illegal intel-
ligence activities have originat-
ed at the Cabinet level or high-
con or
er. Instead, these organizations
must be completely restructur
ed with an emphasis upon dis
persion of power so as to make
them physically smaller an
thus more manageable. Some
prominent members of the jour
nalistic community (most not
ably Tom Wicker of the New
York Times) have suggeste
that the CIA, as presently con
lamb?
s Marxist regime of Chilean
- President Salvador Allende.
- When given a tangible oppor-
e tunity to alleviate human suf-
d fering in both Israel and the
e Arab nations, the intelligence
- community chose instead to de-
- vote their best efforts to the
n imposition of a fascist regime
d in Chile that since that time
- has become one of the world's
' mmm. . ? otS {;+Y+.4' t mm... ..
"Whether the inaccuracy of their conclusions
is attributed to deliberate deception or sheer
ineptitude, the intelligence organizations were
not doing their job, despite the relatively free
reign that has been given them."
of their own operations and in-
vestigations, that, "There are
still no military and political
indications of Egyptian inten-
tions or preparations to resume
hostilities with Israel," and
that an armed attack on Is-
rael "would be suicidal," for
Syria's President.
T H I S INFORMATIONwas
delivered to Secretary of State
Henry Kissinger just as Egyp-
tian and Syrian forces launch-
ed a coordinated military as-
sault on Israel. The most so-
phisticated and powerful in-
telligence gathering organiza-
tion in the world had produced
information that proved erro-
neous on the very day that it
was reported to America's chief
foreign policy maker.
Two conclusions can be
should be examined in light of
the usual justification for cov-
ert and overt operations by the
intelligence apparatus, which
is the undefined but all-en'com-
passing concept of the preser-
vation of "national security."
The defenders of the CIA have
constantly reminded us during
the recent revelations of illegal
actions by the intelligence com-
munity, that the CIA performs
an important function safe-
guarding our nation from hos-
tile groups at home and abroad.
If certain abuses occur during
the execution of this mandate,
they should, according to these
people, be accepted as "a part
of the game" in deference to
the CIA's integral national duty.
Based on their 1973 perform-
ance in the Middle East, one
might justifiably question how
stituted, be abolished and plac-
ed under the authority of the
Departments of State, Defense,
or both. Though this sees to
be more a suggestion than a
real solution, it probably would
facilitate control by higher au-
thorities and simultaneously
appease those whorclaim that
some activities to preserve "na-
tional security" should be un-
dertaken.
OF COURSE some will say at
this point the assumption of de-
liberate deception in the 1973
Middle East situation is unjusti-
fied. Perhaps ineptitude was
more to blame than devious-
ness. Mistakes do happen and
this may have been a case of
unfortunate, but not premedi-
tated, human error. Though the
fallibility of human beings
must be conceded, one might
find it strange that while
the CIA was supposedly foiled
in their best intelligence efforts
in the Mideast, they were sim-
ultaneously successful in their
operations to overthrow the
most oppressive police states.
Can these actions possibly
be determined as legitimate ef-
forts to preserve ."national sec-
urity"? The intelligence organ-
izations seem to be preoccupied
with enforcing an ideological
conformity upon the world and
consequently neglecting that
there is only a minimum of in-
telligence activity that may be
considered as justified.
THE ELUSIVENESS of the
term "national security" makes
any analysis of CIA activities
difficult if not impossible. Nev-
ertheless, even if political reali-
ties demand that a vague "na-
tional security" function be giv-
en to the intelligence apparatus,
their conclusions regarding po-
litical and military activities in
the Mideast in the fall of 1973
are proof that that function is
not being performed-
The abuses of the CIA need
not be accepted in any case,
but when the advantages of in-
telligence activities are being
advertised but not delivered,
the very necessity of those ac-
tivities must be questioned.
Letters
to
The
Plus, minus empty gestures
THIS FALL THE University is going
to a new grading system that in-
cludes "pluses" and "minuses" in ad-
dition to the now classic A, B, C, D,
and much hated E business.
Of course, the change really doesn't
make much difference except to the
studious person who's tired of get-
ting B's when he knew damn well he
had B pluses all locked up, or to the
person who planned to float through
school receiving grades a bit lower
than a flat out C that's necessary for
graduation.
The new system was adopted to al-
low more specific grading - to dif-
ferentiate that A student from the
lackluster A- dolt.
Since everyone comes to college to
get good grades anyway, this plan
should spur all 16,000 LSA students to
crack the books even harder. After
all, we shouldn't let something like
learning get in the way of achieving
that exalted A plus.
TODAY'S STAFF:
News: Jim Finkelstein, Elaine Fletch-
er, Jim Nicoll, Sara Rimer, Tim
Schick, Jeff Sorensen, David Whit-
ing
Editorial Page: Howard Cohn, Jon
Donsius, Mike Frohman ,Dave
Goddy, 'Paul Haskins, Doc Kralik,
Marci Turunen, Olivia Wesley
Arts Page: David Blomquist
Photo Technician :Gordon Tucker
WRO PO YOU TWNK IT'LL
BE FOR THe DEMOCRATS?
Besides, that precious denotation
of educational excellence will prob-
ably be rarer than professors dedi-
cated to their pedogoguish craft in-
stead of to their publishers.
But consider the satisfaction in
knowing that a D plus will do a little
bit less damage to your grade point
than a plain old, stark naked D.
Just think about that for awhile.
Feel better already, don't you?
Editorial Staff
GORDON ATCHESON CHERYL PILATE
Co-Editors-in-Chief
DAVID BLOMQUIST...............Arts Editor
BARBARA CORNELL .. Sunday Magazine Editor
PAUL HASKINS...............Editorial Director
JOSEPHINE MARCOTTY Sunday Magazine Editor
SARA RIMER .................. Executive Editor
STEPHEN SELBST .................. City Editor
JEFF SORENSON............ Managing Editor
STAFF WRITERS: Susan Ades, Tom Allen, Glen
Allerhand, Ellen Breslow, Mary Beth Dillon,
Ted Evanoff, Jim Finklestein, Elaine Fletch-
er, Stephen Hersh, Debra Hurwitz, Lois Josi-
movich, Doc Kralik, Jay Levin, Andy Lilly,
Ann Marie Lipinski, George Lobsenz, Pauline
Lubens, Rob Meachum, Robert Miller, Jim
Nicoll, Cathy Reutter, Jeff Ristine, Tim
Schick, Katherine Spelman, Steve StoJic, Jim
Tobin, Bill Turque, Jim Valk, David Wein-
berg, Sue Wilhelm, David Whiting, Margaret
Yao.
Photography Staff
CRISP
To The Daily:
I don't wish to discredit the
article written in Saturday's
Daily regarding the failure of
CRISP to function smoothly, but
I'm afraid a major point was
missed.
During the week preceding
the article, University President
Robben Fleming appeared at
Markley Hall, and in answering
questions about CRISP he allow-
ed that administrators had
planned on utilizing all 30 com-
puter terminals and had hired
a like number of operators. But
problems arose with 13 of the
30, so only 17 opetators came to
work. Such a high absentee-rate
could not be foreseen, but who-
ever was in charge could easily
have rectified the situation by
finding replacements, of which,
a large number on campus
were capable.
Unfortunately, nothing was
done and the situation stagnat-
ed, as did the lines of students
outside.
El kMaroko
R.A., Mary Markley
Sept. 15
oppression
To The Daily:
WHEN READING right-wing
or left-wing opinion this writer
never expects any consistency
or logic to appear in such opin-
ion, but it is bothersome nev-
ertheless, to see just how in-
consistent and illogical people
can be when they write (or
speak) from either of those two
sides. In the DAILY of 11 Sep-
tember, for example, Miller and
Henle's article on Chile was
typical of the inconsistent and
illogical approach as taken by
the establishment "wings".
The Pinochet regime can be
considered no better or no
worse than its predecessor; per-
haps even worse if you consid-
er that it wasn't brought to
tower by what serves as a free
election in Chile. The junta's
witch hunt for subversives is
undoubtedly even more fana-
tical then that which occurred
in the U. S. in the fifties, but
all governments, dictatorships,
"peoples republics", national-
ists, have their pet subversives,
and not just Fascist govern-
ments. It is the very nature of
government to do so, along with
denying nationalized health
care or any other government
service to those who oppose it.
It is totally immoralband
against human rights, but it
happens.
AS TO THE reasons for the
U. S. involvement, while agree-
ing that the C.I.A. did in fact
overthrow Mr. Allende, and
while agreeing that certain cor-
porations had their hand in
also, it has to be denied that
free-market capitalism was in-
volved in any way.
At present the U.S. has a
state capitalism system all but
in name. While not quite the
same as that which was' present
in National Socialist Germany
during the thirties and forties,
the result is the same; a mili-
-)01 Dcii4
tary - industrial - gove
complex. Many of the1
es are protected by the
ment from competi
means of monopolies,
subsidies and governm
tracts.bSince these bi
were being hurt by
the U. S. government
ly came to their aid.
all, however, contrary
market capitalism sinc
petition is regulated
thing but the free mar
there is no competi
facto there can be no f
ket. Those corporation
ed in the M-I-G Coin
with the C.I.A. are no n
market capitalistic t
Tse-Tung. The point
free - market capital
not involved since i
existed in the United S
at least 100 years, if e
.FINALLY, AFTER
their collective breasts
S. encroachment into
affairs, Millerand HE
around and state "A
must support resistanc
cist governments and
government here whit
the same." A rathe
uous statement. Do th
want the next U. S.]
to send the CIA to Sa
unseat Pinochet an
someone else?
A more consistent
would be to urge Ame
support resistance to
pressive government
might mean resistance
ernments in general
non-repressive govern
nonexistent, but that i
ical course. Governme
war and oppress peop
ple do not make war,
writer cannot see ar
ence in states that s
C.I.A., F.B.I., K.G.B.
tapo.
Jim Greenshie
To The Daily:
IN THREE, YEARS
egovern- To The Daily:
tion by IN 1913 AN ice-cream parlor
special and sweetshop called the Betsy
nent con- Ross Shop opened at the end of
usinesses Nickels Arcade. In 1915 is mov-
Allende, ed to where it stood until the
natural- summer of 1975 as Ann Arbor's
This is longest continuously running
to free- restaurant. Last week the res-
e if com- taurant equipment was auc-
by any- tioned off in a bankruptcy ac-
ket, or if tion. Is it mere co-incidence
tion ipso that this summer two national
ree mar- chain burget joints opened
s involv- within a hundred yards of the
plex and Arcade?
nore free When you bought a lunch at
han Mao the Betsy Ross, your money
is that went towards local produce
ism was companies, the emrloyees and
it hasn't owner of the restaurant who
tates for live and spend their money lo-
ver. cally. If you didn't mind the
beating garish wallpaper you enjoyed
over U. a cozy niche where you could
Chilean talk to friends, your waiter or
enle turn waitress, or perhaps read a lit-
mericans tle before your next class.
e to Fas- Now, if you eat at McDon-
create a ald's, your money goes to pay
ch does Ronald McDonald, ad agencies
r ambig- and TV stations, the national
ie writers McDonald's Corporation, and
President the companies that produce the
intiago to meat, oatmeal, soybeans, saw-
d install dust and whatnot that comprise
a McDonald's hamburger. You
argument sit in a Temple to the Burger,
ericans to complete with high ceiling and
all re- stained glass, all done in the
s. This coldefficient decor of the
.e to gov- American Plasticulture.
since a YOU DON'T GET service at
nment is Our Lady of the Hamburgers
s the log- -you stand in line, wait and
nts make receive assembly line food. Yes,
ale - peo- that's progress and we have
etc. This our own City Council to thank,
ny differ- although it was prompted by
support a burger-PR men and advised by
or Ges- burger-lawyers. So the burger-
meisters have two more out-'
ids lets ,and I'm left wondering
what thedCity Council wants to
thanks do with Drake's, the next oldest
restaurant in town. How about
a Taco Bell on North Univer-
of trans- sity?
r
:rnmental
business-
fast food
Park's rivals marked men?
KEN FINK
Chief Photographer
PAULINE LUBENS
Picture Editor
GORDON TUCKER........Staff Photographer
THE NSIE WORD 15 THAT
HUBERT IHUMPHREY'5 LOOKING
BETTER AN DBETR TO THE
PAS PROS!
I
1'1
i
"
By RICHARD KIM
SEOUL, South Korea, Sept. 15
(PNS) - The major opposition
leader to South Korea's Presi-
dent Park Chung Heehas died
mysteriously, adding another
name to a long list of political
opponents recently jailed, kid-
napped or killed.
Chang Jun Ha, under constant
government surveillance since
his release from prison last Jan-
uary, died on August 17 in what
the government described as a
"hiking accident."
While most South Koreans ac-
cepted this version, a lone ar-
ticle in the mass-circulation
daily newspaper Dong A Ilbo
highlighted a number of dis-
quieting questions about Chang's
death. The sub-editor who
handled the story was subse-
quently arrested on charges of
spreading rumors and criticiz-
ing the government.
Now speculation is growing
that Chang was murdered.
Only one man, Kim Yong
Hwan, claimed to witness the
accident. Kim is reportedly a
high school teacher and an old
political acquaintance of Chang's
but sources close to Chang say
Kim's true occupation is un-
known.
On the day of his death, Chang
had joined a group of 45, includ-
ing Kim, for a hike in the wood-
ed, hilly terrain north of .Seoul.
Kim's story was that he and
Chang had gone on ahead when
the rest of the group had stopp-~d
for lunch. Two hours later Kim
had rejoined the group alone,
saying that Chang had fallen
and broken his leg. Kim claimed
rh.n had trie t d enda a
"Government investi-
yvy.?: F r, ,}'{.":: ?rM'<r>r'7R' vS,.'7k{,: .F;iiti;R?:::^s'?.i' S ix '!.d"r>y:"Y :::i?:; }:?: :;{:_lL" '-:L"v,.;r::n:.".d{.}::;ii iS::r{"";:"Q,", y'"A. aC :'- Y.'r X
S r ....hrv'i:.. nti}?:: vrr' . "Ms:. er.: "i'.." :"}::<i rr."...".. aL:1i }3: :ti"Y«4{}$:."iinr."t:+.. ,CiY.
gators concluded
the
death was accidental.
But sources close to
Chang's family dispute
Kim's story on every
point"
was found. Second, the tree he
was supposed to have grasped
could only have been reached by
a rope, which Chang did not
have. On examination, the tree's
branches also showed no signs
of having been broken, or
ably murdered in the woods and'
his body carried to the spot
where it was found. Kim did
report seeing Chang talking
with two men in army uniform
sometime before he fell, but no
investigation of this was carried
t
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strained. Finally, the injuries on
Chang's body - his widow
learned about them only after
she had signed a statement ac-
cepting the government's ver-
sion of his death - were not
consistent with the fall of a 160-
pound man onto jagged rocks.
Chang's physician on examin-
ing the body attributed the
cause of death to a concussion
caused by a powerful blow be-
hind his right ear. The mark
out.
While serving a prison sen-
tence in 1967 for defaming the,
president, Chang was elected to
the National Assembly. Before
that he had been editor of South
Korea's ' leading intellectual
magazine, and had received the
Magsaysay prize for journalism,
the "Asian Pulitzer."
Before his death, Chang was
widely regarded as one of the
few uncorrupted, totally honest
ferring foreign credits to my
Michigan record, I have had
contacts with faculty members
in several departments. Though
credit transfer from foreign
universities is an accepted if
somewhat time - consuming
procedure, my treatment by
faculty members in certain de-
partments has been less than
cordial. Perhaps the summer
is a bad time to bother profes-
sors ,whose own plans, publica-
tions, and privacy take priority
over filling out forms for re-
admit students who probably
"shouldn't have left in the first
place."
. This summer, however, the
professors involved were, for
the most part, quite helpful and'
encouraging in helning me find
out which credits I would need
to comnlete my soon-to-be five
Bill Abbott
Sept. 15
clerical
To The Daily:
I READ WITH INTEREST
Rose Kronspenger's (Daily,
Sept. 13) thoughtful letter on
the clerical's union problems at
the University of Michigan.
Never having been a clerical
at the U of M, there are limits
to what I, an outsider, can say.
However, I have been a union
member for, the past two and
one half years and at one time
was a member of AFSCME.
Like the UAW, they are a fraud
and a hoax and vicious besides.
In spite of all this I thought
your union had made a good
choice in affiliating with the
UAW as they do carry a lot of