+iieta Stan Thazi Eighty-Five Years of Editorial Freedom Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan The elusive Wednesday, September 17, 1975 News Phone: 764-0552 420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Mi. 48104 Keepig up with Indira By TOM ALLEN RECENT TESTIMONY before the House Committee inves- tigating the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency lends a new perspective to the heated controversy that has surrounded that organization for the past year. On Thursday the Committee released reports detailing the advisory memos on political and military activ- ity in the Mideast that were composed by the Central Intel- ligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency. They were sent to the White House Crisis Committee in October 1973. The CIA concluded, on the basis drawn from this disclosure, both of which have profound impli- cations on the future of the A m e r i c a n intelligence establishment and its relations with its superiors in the execu- tive branch of the federal gov- ernment. One must assume either the CIA actually was aware of Egyptian and Syrian plans and was intentionally deceiving Secretary Kissinger, or that their reading of the situation was incorrect and they were merely reporting those faulty readings. BOTH OF these possibilities ACCORDING TO THE text books, India is a democracy but in the past two and a half months more than 10,000 people have been jailed there as part of a political power- play engineered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Gandhi's vicious campaign - un- dertaken after her position was threatened by charges of corruption -has stripped from the govern- ment whatever democratic princi- ples existed and has replaced them with a totalitarian philosophy. Civil rights have been arbitrarily abrogated, and those who speak against such actions have been ca- priciously punished with little regard for justice or law. Yet, a recent court ruling in New Delhi gives some hope that a sense of morality may be returning, albeit slowly., The high court - that ranks just a step below the Indian Supreme Court - ordered the government to free a prominent journalist who had been imprisoned for writing critical- ly of the Prime Minister and her reign of terror. FREEING THE REPORTER was in itself an * important symbolic step, but more importantly, the court declared that Gandhi must back any arrest with a bill of particulars against the accused. This ruling - assuming Gandhi abides by it, which may be a hasty assumption - could prevent the wholesale and certainly indefensable imprisonment of the prime minister's critics. Furthermore, it may facilitate the release of many of those now in jail because they dared fight for their rights. "This is a landmark decision in In- dian law which will have an electrify- ing effect on the political situa- tion," said a lawyer representing Raj Narain, an opponent of Gandhi who is now sitting in a cell in New Delhi. "With this decision hundreds of jailed prisoners can seek their re- lease on the grounds they were un- justly detained. It's a great rebuff to the government." INDEED THE RULING is a rebuff, and for that very reason it may be ignored by the haughty, self-right- eous Gandhi who has continually set herself well above the law. And even if the court judgment is followed to the letter, more action is needed to restore a semblance of de- mocracy to the arid countryside. Pressure from other nations, par- ticularly the United States undoubt- edly would bring Gandhi's thinking around to position that is somewhat more enlightened. Unfortunately that type of diplo- macy has not been forthcoming - allowing Gandhi to rule with as heavy a hand as she chooses. The re- sults of that brand of leadership are all too evident. One need only look at the prisons. "Nevertheless, even if political realities de- mand that a vague 'national security' function be given to the intelligence apparatus, their conclusions regarding political and military ac- tivities n the Mdeast in the fall of 1973 are proof that that function is not being per- formed." .s.L".v sV.1LaO a ,e L ? s :S a A ,.}}L CIA:bL well the CIA is serving its only possible legitimate function Whether the inaccuracy of their conclusions is attributed to de- liberate deception or sheer in- eptitude, the intelligence organ- izations were not doing their job, despite the relatively free reign that has been given them. THE FIRST POSSIBILITY, that the CIA was knowledgeab- ly misleading the Secretary of State, is obviously the most serious of the two interpreta- tions of the incident. If true, it is symptomatic of an organiza- tion whose power is so great and so unrestrictedthat it has become an independently act- ing entity rather than a subor- dinate arm of the executive branch of the federal govern- ment. Further evidence of this independent action unchecked by higher elected authorities is the disclosure that the FBI, un- der the direction of J. Edgar Hoover, failed to pursue an in- vestigation of an assassination attempt on Victor and Walter Reuther after such an investi- gation had been ordered. Surely these are npt the type of abuses to be taken lightly by even the staunchiest advocates of the CIA's or FBI's mandates, sim- ply because those mandates are hardly being carried out when intelligence reports are inten- tionally false, or when authoriz- ed inquiries are purposefully curtailed. AT THE BASE of these abus- es is excessive power invested in the intelligence and investi- gatory establishment and in- sufficient control over that pow- er by executive officials. Sim- ply urging the executive branch to be more wary of possible ex- cesses is probably not a viable solution to this problem, espe- cially when many illegal intel- ligence activities have originat- ed at the Cabinet level or high- con or er. Instead, these organizations must be completely restructur ed with an emphasis upon dis persion of power so as to make them physically smaller an thus more manageable. Some prominent members of the jour nalistic community (most not ably Tom Wicker of the New York Times) have suggeste that the CIA, as presently con lamb? s Marxist regime of Chilean - President Salvador Allende. - When given a tangible oppor- e tunity to alleviate human suf- d fering in both Israel and the e Arab nations, the intelligence - community chose instead to de- - vote their best efforts to the n imposition of a fascist regime d in Chile that since that time - has become one of the world's ' mmm. . ? otS {;+Y+.4' t mm... .. "Whether the inaccuracy of their conclusions is attributed to deliberate deception or sheer ineptitude, the intelligence organizations were not doing their job, despite the relatively free reign that has been given them." of their own operations and in- vestigations, that, "There are still no military and political indications of Egyptian inten- tions or preparations to resume hostilities with Israel," and that an armed attack on Is- rael "would be suicidal," for Syria's President. T H I S INFORMATIONwas delivered to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger just as Egyp- tian and Syrian forces launch- ed a coordinated military as- sault on Israel. The most so- phisticated and powerful in- telligence gathering organiza- tion in the world had produced information that proved erro- neous on the very day that it was reported to America's chief foreign policy maker. Two conclusions can be should be examined in light of the usual justification for cov- ert and overt operations by the intelligence apparatus, which is the undefined but all-en'com- passing concept of the preser- vation of "national security." The defenders of the CIA have constantly reminded us during the recent revelations of illegal actions by the intelligence com- munity, that the CIA performs an important function safe- guarding our nation from hos- tile groups at home and abroad. If certain abuses occur during the execution of this mandate, they should, according to these people, be accepted as "a part of the game" in deference to the CIA's integral national duty. Based on their 1973 perform- ance in the Middle East, one might justifiably question how stituted, be abolished and plac- ed under the authority of the Departments of State, Defense, or both. Though this sees to be more a suggestion than a real solution, it probably would facilitate control by higher au- thorities and simultaneously appease those whorclaim that some activities to preserve "na- tional security" should be un- dertaken. OF COURSE some will say at this point the assumption of de- liberate deception in the 1973 Middle East situation is unjusti- fied. Perhaps ineptitude was more to blame than devious- ness. Mistakes do happen and this may have been a case of unfortunate, but not premedi- tated, human error. Though the fallibility of human beings must be conceded, one might find it strange that while the CIA was supposedly foiled in their best intelligence efforts in the Mideast, they were sim- ultaneously successful in their operations to overthrow the most oppressive police states. Can these actions possibly be determined as legitimate ef- forts to preserve ."national sec- urity"? The intelligence organ- izations seem to be preoccupied with enforcing an ideological conformity upon the world and consequently neglecting that there is only a minimum of in- telligence activity that may be considered as justified. THE ELUSIVENESS of the term "national security" makes any analysis of CIA activities difficult if not impossible. Nev- ertheless, even if political reali- ties demand that a vague "na- tional security" function be giv- en to the intelligence apparatus, their conclusions regarding po- litical and military activities in the Mideast in the fall of 1973 are proof that that function is not being performed- The abuses of the CIA need not be accepted in any case, but when the advantages of in- telligence activities are being advertised but not delivered, the very necessity of those ac- tivities must be questioned. Letters to The Plus, minus empty gestures THIS FALL THE University is going to a new grading system that in- cludes "pluses" and "minuses" in ad- dition to the now classic A, B, C, D, and much hated E business. Of course, the change really doesn't make much difference except to the studious person who's tired of get- ting B's when he knew damn well he had B pluses all locked up, or to the person who planned to float through school receiving grades a bit lower than a flat out C that's necessary for graduation. The new system was adopted to al- low more specific grading - to dif- ferentiate that A student from the lackluster A- dolt. Since everyone comes to college to get good grades anyway, this plan should spur all 16,000 LSA students to crack the books even harder. After all, we shouldn't let something like learning get in the way of achieving that exalted A plus. TODAY'S STAFF: News: Jim Finkelstein, Elaine Fletch- er, Jim Nicoll, Sara Rimer, Tim Schick, Jeff Sorensen, David Whit- ing Editorial Page: Howard Cohn, Jon Donsius, Mike Frohman ,Dave Goddy, 'Paul Haskins, Doc Kralik, Marci Turunen, Olivia Wesley Arts Page: David Blomquist Photo Technician :Gordon Tucker WRO PO YOU TWNK IT'LL BE FOR THe DEMOCRATS? Besides, that precious denotation of educational excellence will prob- ably be rarer than professors dedi- cated to their pedogoguish craft in- stead of to their publishers. But consider the satisfaction in knowing that a D plus will do a little bit less damage to your grade point than a plain old, stark naked D. Just think about that for awhile. Feel better already, don't you? Editorial Staff GORDON ATCHESON CHERYL PILATE Co-Editors-in-Chief DAVID BLOMQUIST...............Arts Editor BARBARA CORNELL .. Sunday Magazine Editor PAUL HASKINS...............Editorial Director JOSEPHINE MARCOTTY Sunday Magazine Editor SARA RIMER .................. Executive Editor STEPHEN SELBST .................. City Editor JEFF SORENSON............ Managing Editor STAFF WRITERS: Susan Ades, Tom Allen, Glen Allerhand, Ellen Breslow, Mary Beth Dillon, Ted Evanoff, Jim Finklestein, Elaine Fletch- er, Stephen Hersh, Debra Hurwitz, Lois Josi- movich, Doc Kralik, Jay Levin, Andy Lilly, Ann Marie Lipinski, George Lobsenz, Pauline Lubens, Rob Meachum, Robert Miller, Jim Nicoll, Cathy Reutter, Jeff Ristine, Tim Schick, Katherine Spelman, Steve StoJic, Jim Tobin, Bill Turque, Jim Valk, David Wein- berg, Sue Wilhelm, David Whiting, Margaret Yao. Photography Staff CRISP To The Daily: I don't wish to discredit the article written in Saturday's Daily regarding the failure of CRISP to function smoothly, but I'm afraid a major point was missed. During the week preceding the article, University President Robben Fleming appeared at Markley Hall, and in answering questions about CRISP he allow- ed that administrators had planned on utilizing all 30 com- puter terminals and had hired a like number of operators. But problems arose with 13 of the 30, so only 17 opetators came to work. Such a high absentee-rate could not be foreseen, but who- ever was in charge could easily have rectified the situation by finding replacements, of which, a large number on campus were capable. Unfortunately, nothing was done and the situation stagnat- ed, as did the lines of students outside. El kMaroko R.A., Mary Markley Sept. 15 oppression To The Daily: WHEN READING right-wing or left-wing opinion this writer never expects any consistency or logic to appear in such opin- ion, but it is bothersome nev- ertheless, to see just how in- consistent and illogical people can be when they write (or speak) from either of those two sides. In the DAILY of 11 Sep- tember, for example, Miller and Henle's article on Chile was typical of the inconsistent and illogical approach as taken by the establishment "wings". The Pinochet regime can be considered no better or no worse than its predecessor; per- haps even worse if you consid- er that it wasn't brought to tower by what serves as a free election in Chile. The junta's witch hunt for subversives is undoubtedly even more fana- tical then that which occurred in the U. S. in the fifties, but all governments, dictatorships, "peoples republics", national- ists, have their pet subversives, and not just Fascist govern- ments. It is the very nature of government to do so, along with denying nationalized health care or any other government service to those who oppose it. It is totally immoralband against human rights, but it happens. AS TO THE reasons for the U. S. involvement, while agree- ing that the C.I.A. did in fact overthrow Mr. Allende, and while agreeing that certain cor- porations had their hand in also, it has to be denied that free-market capitalism was in- volved in any way. At present the U.S. has a state capitalism system all but in name. While not quite the same as that which was' present in National Socialist Germany during the thirties and forties, the result is the same; a mili- -)01 Dcii4 tary - industrial - gove complex. Many of the1 es are protected by the ment from competi means of monopolies, subsidies and governm tracts.bSince these bi were being hurt by the U. S. government ly came to their aid. all, however, contrary market capitalism sinc petition is regulated thing but the free mar there is no competi facto there can be no f ket. Those corporation ed in the M-I-G Coin with the C.I.A. are no n market capitalistic t Tse-Tung. The point free - market capital not involved since i existed in the United S at least 100 years, if e .FINALLY, AFTER their collective breasts S. encroachment into affairs, Millerand HE around and state "A must support resistanc cist governments and government here whit the same." A rathe uous statement. Do th want the next U. S.] to send the CIA to Sa unseat Pinochet an someone else? A more consistent would be to urge Ame support resistance to pressive government might mean resistance ernments in general non-repressive govern nonexistent, but that i ical course. Governme war and oppress peop ple do not make war, writer cannot see ar ence in states that s C.I.A., F.B.I., K.G.B. tapo. Jim Greenshie To The Daily: IN THREE, YEARS egovern- To The Daily: tion by IN 1913 AN ice-cream parlor special and sweetshop called the Betsy nent con- Ross Shop opened at the end of usinesses Nickels Arcade. In 1915 is mov- Allende, ed to where it stood until the natural- summer of 1975 as Ann Arbor's This is longest continuously running to free- restaurant. Last week the res- e if com- taurant equipment was auc- by any- tioned off in a bankruptcy ac- ket, or if tion. Is it mere co-incidence tion ipso that this summer two national ree mar- chain burget joints opened s involv- within a hundred yards of the plex and Arcade? nore free When you bought a lunch at han Mao the Betsy Ross, your money is that went towards local produce ism was companies, the emrloyees and it hasn't owner of the restaurant who tates for live and spend their money lo- ver. cally. If you didn't mind the beating garish wallpaper you enjoyed over U. a cozy niche where you could Chilean talk to friends, your waiter or enle turn waitress, or perhaps read a lit- mericans tle before your next class. e to Fas- Now, if you eat at McDon- create a ald's, your money goes to pay ch does Ronald McDonald, ad agencies r ambig- and TV stations, the national ie writers McDonald's Corporation, and President the companies that produce the intiago to meat, oatmeal, soybeans, saw- d install dust and whatnot that comprise a McDonald's hamburger. You argument sit in a Temple to the Burger, ericans to complete with high ceiling and all re- stained glass, all done in the s. This coldefficient decor of the .e to gov- American Plasticulture. since a YOU DON'T GET service at nment is Our Lady of the Hamburgers s the log- -you stand in line, wait and nts make receive assembly line food. Yes, ale - peo- that's progress and we have etc. This our own City Council to thank, ny differ- although it was prompted by support a burger-PR men and advised by or Ges- burger-lawyers. So the burger- meisters have two more out-' ids lets ,and I'm left wondering what thedCity Council wants to thanks do with Drake's, the next oldest restaurant in town. How about a Taco Bell on North Univer- of trans- sity? r :rnmental business- fast food Park's rivals marked men? KEN FINK Chief Photographer PAULINE LUBENS Picture Editor GORDON TUCKER........Staff Photographer THE NSIE WORD 15 THAT HUBERT IHUMPHREY'5 LOOKING BETTER AN DBETR TO THE PAS PROS! I 1'1 i " By RICHARD KIM SEOUL, South Korea, Sept. 15 (PNS) - The major opposition leader to South Korea's Presi- dent Park Chung Heehas died mysteriously, adding another name to a long list of political opponents recently jailed, kid- napped or killed. Chang Jun Ha, under constant government surveillance since his release from prison last Jan- uary, died on August 17 in what the government described as a "hiking accident." While most South Koreans ac- cepted this version, a lone ar- ticle in the mass-circulation daily newspaper Dong A Ilbo highlighted a number of dis- quieting questions about Chang's death. The sub-editor who handled the story was subse- quently arrested on charges of spreading rumors and criticiz- ing the government. Now speculation is growing that Chang was murdered. Only one man, Kim Yong Hwan, claimed to witness the accident. Kim is reportedly a high school teacher and an old political acquaintance of Chang's but sources close to Chang say Kim's true occupation is un- known. On the day of his death, Chang had joined a group of 45, includ- ing Kim, for a hike in the wood- ed, hilly terrain north of .Seoul. Kim's story was that he and Chang had gone on ahead when the rest of the group had stopp-~d for lunch. Two hours later Kim had rejoined the group alone, saying that Chang had fallen and broken his leg. Kim claimed rh.n had trie t d enda a "Government investi- yvy.?: F r, ,}'{.":: ?rM'r'7R' vS,.'7k{,: .F;iiti;R?:::^s'?.i' S ix '!.d"r>y:"Y :::i?:; }:?: :;{:_lL" '-:L"v,.;r::n:.".d{.}::;ii iS::r{"";:"Q,", y'"A. aC :'- Y.'r X S r ....hrv'i:.. nti}?:: vrr' . "Ms:. er.: "i'.." :"}::