Ford sells
more
technology
to China; Carter favors idea
THE MILWAUKEE JOURNAL
Det.lPldN-p.", gy dk.. 11
fella ?s
Where'syoursense of honor,
Eighty-Seven Years of Editorial Freedom
420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
I Thursday,I
December 9, 1976
News Phone: 764-0552
Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan
.Korean ,diplomat may
be key in payoffs, ease
UHE FBI HAS FOUND a South Ko-
rean diplomat willing to dis-
cuss the details of South Korean in-
fluence in Congress, and the Seoul
Government has consequently de-
manded that he be turned over to
South Korean authorities. Obvious-
ly, they want to silence him, for a
full ldisclosure of South Korean
meddling in Congress would be both
embarrassing and costly to the South
Koreans. But it would be foolish to
comply with their demands. Their
concern over this one man indeed
indicates that we should be doubly
curious about what has been going
on.
Being investigated by the FBI is
the allegation that South Korea
has been spending one million dol-
lars a year since 1970 to gain influ-
on a diplomat from South Korea, we
should listen for any pertinent infor-
mation he may have. However, it is
ence on Capitol Hill. Even the pros-
pect of these payoffs is intolerable-
it is bad enough that our'Congress-
people trade votes for payoffs from
American concerns -- it is worse
still thatsome might have been ac-
cepting payments from abroad.iOur
Congresspeople are elected to repre-
sent our interests and not the inter-
ests of a repressive dictatorship in
South Korea.
AS LONG AS we've got a handle
difficult to say whether or not the
diplomat, Embassy First Secretary
Kim San-keun, is being physically
detained by the FBI or if he is just
remaining here on his own free will,
supposedly asking for political asy-
lum in the U. S.
The South Korean Government
maintains that we're holding him
against his will and if we don't let
him go the United States "will hard-
ly avoid international criticism."
It is doubtful, though, that the1
FBI is actually keeping Kim under
lock and key. Under this fairly staid
deduction, we may assume that is
is probably true that Kim knows
some information about South Ko-
rean capitol hill payoffs or gifts, or
at least Kim's government may think
he knows. Or, it is also possible that
Kim is in trouble with some of his
superiors and is saving himself by
telling the FBI he knows some im-
portant facts so they'll protect him.
Regardless, South Korea wouldn't
want Kim back unless he was im-
portant to them. On that grounds
alone, the United States should al-
low Kim protection unless, of course,
they're forcefully detaining him.
TODAY'S STAFF:
News: Tim Schick, Ken Parsigian, Bill
Turque, M arg a ret Y ao, Laurie
Young, Eileen Daley
Editorial Page: Rob Meachum, Tom
Stevens, Steven Kursman
Arts Page: Lois Josimovich
Photo Technician: Pauline Lubens
By BANNING GARRETT a candid
Pacific News Service the Pent
net post
JN PERHAPS its last foreign The C
policy initiative, the Ford ad- mous, h
ministration has quietly decided ble cabi
to sell military-related technolo- Assistant
gy to Peking - a significant (under J
step toward military ties with told PN
the People Republic. And with that he
two of Jimmy Carter's top Chi- vantage'
na advisors on record favoring China an
'similar sales, the new admini- would d
stration is likely to continue the with the
policy.
The issue of stepped-up mili- KEE
tary ties with the Chinese, with
its potentially great impact on
the delicate triangular balance The m
between Washington, Peking surfaced
and Moscow, is extremely sen- ign Polic
sitive. There is no quicker way analyst
to get a "no comment" in lowed b2
Washington today than to in- same pu
quire about it. analyst1
and Brol
President Ford, forced to ties with
comment on what was to have what w
been a secret decision to sell Chinese
two advanced Control Data Soviet U
Corp. Cyber 172 computers to Bae
China after it was leaked to ased
Aviation Week, denied the com-
puters have any relationship to cussions,
defense. They were ostensibly also thin
intended for use by China in C Biac
oil exploration. viet con
But well-informed sources in 0 Kee
the defense and intelligence es- tied dow
tablishments insist that the com- - or e
puters have well-known military troopso
uses, including the control of
over-the-horizon radars for de-
tecting incoming ICBM missiles WiL
The Pentagon itself has used W'~
the Cyber 172 computer for nu-
clear weapons calculations.
These sources also say the de-
cision to sell the computers
marked a distinct policy shift
and came after a year of high-
level and sometimes bitter de-
bate within the administration.
They add that the computers
were seen from the beginning ANA
as a way of bolstering China's AA
defenses against the Soviets. cont
The Carter administration operati
could reverse the policy-though America
probably not the specific com- On
puter sale - after January 20. cadetsz
But Carter's top China advisors, everyth
Harvard professor Jerome Co- to jung
hen and the University of Mich- Sinc
igan's Michael Oksenberg, have fense fu
both taken public stands for a greatest
subtle tilt toward Peking with to om
! sales of military-related tech- N
nog.Oksenberg did so in AN
testimony before a House sub- wing ii
committee last spring, and Co- troubles
hen followed in a recent article a milit
in the influential Foreign Af- Wh
fairs. are re
"In some circumstances," Co- militar
hen writes, "the United States But
might surely see the desirability to see
of denying some items to the to send
Soviet Union while selling them use of
to Chinasin order toreduce own ar
China's strategic inferiority." from c
But he does not favor an in- like Ch
stitutionalized military alliance lI
with China, arguing that it 'In
"would seriously upset the So- and are
viet Union and further stimu- Boyd."
late the trend toward a return not wis
to the Cold War." difficult
Other Carter China advisors
are also known privately to fa- MIOST
vor such a policy, including for- w
mer defense secretary James cas.
Schlesinger. who has publicly The
referred to China as a "quasi- base of
ally" of the U.S.; was invited t h
to Plains,tGa., to brief Carter to the
soon after his recent trip tor
1China.
Since then Schlesinger fre- M
quently has been mentioned as travels;
Healt
By SYLVIA HACKER
and NANCY PALCHIK
QUESTION: What's this new Health
Service fee that was on my tuition as-
sessment form all about? Can you tell
us how it happened?
Answer: The Health Service fee came
about by action of the University Bud-
get Priorities Committee. For several
years now the State Legislature has
been encouraging the University to
make all non-teaching activities self-
suppo ting. Since Health Service is a
non-teaching facility, other sources of
support needed to be developed. Conse-
quently, a Health Service Funding Com-
mittee was established by the Univer-
sity executive office to develop a plan
for making our facility progressively
self-supporting. Over the next five years,
therefore, as the University general fund
monies are being reduced in a step-
wise fashion, a gradually increasing stu-
dent fee will be replacing it. It is im-
portant to realize that this student fee
does not represent any new monies com-
date ,for his old job at
tagon or another cabi-
t.
arter camp is not unani-
owever. Another possi-
net appointee, former
Secretary of Defense
Johnson) Paul Warnke,
S in a recent interview
does "not see the ad-
in military ties with
d is concerned that they
damage U.S. relations
Soviets.
PING THE SOVIETS
IN LINE
ilitary sales debate first
a year ago in a Fore-
cy article by Rand Corp.
Michael Pillsbury, fol-
y a May article in the
blication by senior CIA
Roger Brown. Pillsbury
wn argued that military
China would head off
orries Washington most:
rapprochement with the
Jnion.
o n these articles and
of off-the-record dis-
foreign policy insiders
nk a military tilt toward
ould:
ster its deterrent to So-
ventional attack; ,
p 45-50 Soviet divisions
vn on the Chinese border
wen force them to pull
out of Eastern Europe
L INSTITUTION SURVIVE?
U.S. sehool trains rightists
to beef up their Chinese flank;
* Give Moscow reason to fear
American military assistance to
China in the event of a Sino-
Soviet war;
! Provide a lever over the
Soviets - the threat' of more
military aid to China - in bi-
lateral negotiations like the
SALT talks or conflicts in other
areas of the world;
* Provide a "pay-off" to Chi-
nese leaders for their opening
to the U.S. - which since 1972
has stagnated - thus bolster-
ing their ability to defend that
policy;
9 And allow the U.S. to take
decisive steps to improve rela-
tions with the Peoples Republic
while at least temporarily cir-
cumventing the thorny problem
of Taiwan.
Before the recent comiruter
sale, the U.S. had permitted
China to buy military equip-
ment - including jet engines
and helicopters - from U.S.
allies like Britain, West Ger-
many and France. The sales
could have been vetoed by the
U.S. through a western commit-
tee to control export of strateg-
ic items to communist coun-
tries - called COCOM.
But China wanted some mili-
tary technology available only
from the U.S., and in October
1975 "low-key" Chinese feelers
to U.S. corporations were re-
By STEPHEN KINZER
Pacific News Service
MA CITY, PANAMA - Here in Panama, one of the most
roversial elements of the canal dispute is a U.S. 'Army
n most Americans have never heard of: the School of the
as.
a spacious tract of Canal Zone land called Ford Amador,
and officers from 17 different Latin nations come to learn
ing from military intelligence and the use of explosives
le warfare and counter-insurgency strategy.
e many Latin armed forces perform both police and de-
unctions - and international invasions are unlikely - the
t value of the school comes in training Latin governments
bat domestic unrest.
D BECAUSE SO MANY of these governments are right-
iilitary dictatorships, the existence of the school here
many Panamanians - whose government, though itself
ary dictatorship, is fiercely nationalistic and populist.
le saying nothing publicly, American military officials
portedly trying to convince the Panamanians to let the
y school remain here.
Panamanian Foreign Minister Aquilino Boyd is anxious
it leave - despite the fact that Panama itself continues
troops to the school. Panama's government defends its
the school as necessary for the professionalization of its
my, but objects to the training of military and police
ountries charged with consistent violation of human rights,
ile and Brazil, on its soil.
Panama, troops are being trained in counter-insurgency
used against our brother peoples in some countries," says
"This creates problems for us with those peoples. We do
h to retain those installations which put us in such a
t position."
C LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS, including all the right-
ing governments, send troops to the School of the Ameri-
Nicaraguan National Guard, for example - the power
one of the harshest Latin dictatorships -.sends its cadets
school for a full year before using them in its war against
guerrillas.
r. Kinzer is a Boston-based freelancer who frequently
in Latin America.
Service
The year after Chile's military junta overthrew the'socialist
government of Salvador Allende, the U.S. Department of the Army
reported that Chilean'-attendance jumped to 60 per cent of all
students.
The Bolivian troops who tracked and killed Che Guevara
were trained at USARSA, as the Army calls the school.
AND DURING THE VIETN'AM WAR, many American and
foreign troops received special instruction at the Jungle Opera-
tions Training Center before entering combat.
Among the graduates of the school are Presidents Hugo Ban-
zer of Bolivia and Guillermo Rodriguez of Ecuador, both gen-
erals. Other alumni include the chief domestic security officer
in Chile and the Army Chiefs of Staff in Guatemala, Nicaragua,
Paraguay and Uraguay.
At the same time, Panama's own populist leader Gen. Omar
Torrijos is also a graduate - as were most of the progressive
generals who launched extensive reforms in Peru after their
1968 coup.
PERHAPS THE CLEAREST STATEMENT of the importance
of the training program to the U.S. comes from former Defense
Secretary Robert McNamara. "These students are handpicked
by their countries to become instructors when they return home,"
he told the House Appropriations Committee. "They are the com-
ing leaders....
"I need not dwell upon the value of having in positions of
leadership men who have firsthand knowledge of how Americans
do things and how they think. It is beyond price to us to make
friends of such men."
All courses at USARSA are taught in Spanish, and the in-
structors come from the officer corps of both the U.S. Army and
selected Latin forces. Each course is modelled after courses taught
at military schools in the U.S.
Most of the training is in anti-guerrilla operations, both urban
and rural. Students are taught commando techniques that can
be applied in the jungle or highland terrains that Oaracterize
the continent.
In addition to USARSA, which last year graduated 1,681 stu-
dents, there are also Navy and Air Force instructional schools.
The three schools operate on a budget of nearly $5 million, paid
for by the respective U.S. services.
What will happen if the schools- are forced to close?
"That is not our concern," says Foreign Minister Boyd. "Per-
haps they can be moved to Florida."
Handbook
ported in a CIA document ob-
tained by the press. The Chi-
nese were reportedly shopping
for such items as Lockheed's
C-141 c!'rec transport aircraft,
Itek's satellite cameras and
RCA's radar and communica-
tions equipment, as well as the
Cyber 172 computer.
Last April former defense sec-
retary Schlesinger revealed that
top officials informally had dis-
cussed military aid to China
while he was in the administra-
tion. And in May Secretary of
Commerce Elliot Richardson
fueled speculation of American
action by stating publicly in
Tokyo that the U.S. would be
willing to discuss arms sales to
China if Peking raised the is-
sue.
Leaks appeared again in June
1976 when Forbes magazine re-
ported that according to a
"high-ranking U.S. intelligence
officer," the Chinese were try-
ing to buy American helicopters,
anti-submarine warfare equip-
ment and anti-tank weapons.
Well-informed sources report
that in July China expert Rich-
ard Solomon left the National
Security Council staff in oppo-
sition to the evolving military
tilt toward China.
When the decision to okay the
computer sales was leaked to
Aviation Week this October, the
administration not only denied
the possible military use of the
computers but also announced
it was selling a similar com-
puter to the Russians.
But the sales are not as "even-
handed" as they might appear.
Because the Soviets already
have similar computer technolo-
gy and the Chinese do not, the
sales will be a step toward clos-
ing the gap between them.
The tilt toward China is also
/ indicated by the fact that the
National Security Council rec-
ommended less than normally
stringent safeguards over the
use of the computers in China.
Aviation Week reported that the
exception was made because the
secretary of state had conclud-
ed the sale was in the foreign
policy interest of the U.S.
In addition, the decision to sell
the computers was highly classi-
fied - another indication that
it was not a routine commer-
cial sale.
Kissinger further signalled a
tilt toward China when in Oc-
tober he twice announced that
the U.S. would "take an ex-
tremely dim view of a mili-
tary attack or even military
pressure" on China.
Banning Garrett is an editor
of the International Bulletin,
published by Internews, an in-
ternational news service based
in the Bay Area of California.
°rl
'/
the excellence of treatment available
here at a very reasonable cost. Compar-
ing the cost of medical care outside the
Health Service makes one aware of the
bargain one has here. Medical fees are
higher from Ann Arbor physicians or at
the clinics of either the University or St..
Joseph's hospital.,
The Health Service fee entitles en-
rolled students to unlimited visits to the
general medical clinic during /regular
visiting hours, 8 to 5 Mondays through
Fridays and 8 to 12 on Saturdays. Just
as was true before, lab tests, specialty
clinics, x-rays, prescriptions and after-
hour visits are on a fee for service ba-
sis.
Question: How about detailed informa-
tion in The Daily on the progesterone
IUD that will be available at the Health
Service soon, i.e., effectiveness, expul-
sion. rate in mothers and non-mothers,
dangers, side-effects, advantages, cost,
etc.?
Answer: Glad you asked because the
Health Service gynecology clinic has re-
The local effect it has is thought to.
make the uterine surface inhospitable
to an implantation This device and the
copper IUD, which we also have at
Health Service, were originally design-
ed for the woman who has never been
pregnant. The tendency for the body is
to try to expel any foreign object, but
a uterus which 'has experienced a preg-
nancy becomes more tolerant to for-
eign bodies. Thus, a uterus which has
not harbored a fetus attempts to con-
tract and push out the IUD.
CONSEQUENTLY, the expulsion rate
is rather high for the ordinary IUD and
it was hoped that the copper one and
the progestasert would decrease that
rate. It is also not clear that they are
more effective than other IUDs. The ad-
vantage of the progestasert over the
conner IUD was thonht to be its small
sire. However. the laree'inserter neces.
snrv to nlace it in the uterus annear to
esise more nain at the time of inser-
tion than other IUDs.
Wa Art in - o , ,r.cul,, 4veie
to our gynecology clinic she will be
given all the information on the various
devices, will be helped in weighing their
advantages and disadvantages, and will
have the opportunity to make a choice
based on the facts received measured
against her own medical history and life
style.
Ietters
To The Daily:
Dear Sandy Williams:
You have written the letter
of the year! What a superb ex-
ploration of the impact of rape
on the civil rights of women.
What creative suggestions! We
loved it!
Kathy Shortridge,
v . ;